Lecture 1. Ways of reformation of the world FES
LECTURE 2. Creating a new world currency based on CEE is an ideal option for a well functioning WFES.
LECTURE 3. World money – as a sensor of the functioning of the WFES in a true and fair globalization.
LECTURE 4. The lack of freedom of movement of labor, small capital and small businesses is a strong brake on the normal functioning of the WFES in the contex
LECTURE 5. Restricted and regulated protectionism – the need for a transition to normal globalization.
t of modern globalization.
LECTURE 6. STATE regulation high interest on deposits – a brake in the development of the WFES.
LECTURE 7. Limiting growth and regulating speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the MFES.
Topics for scientific work
The activities of the European Union for environmental improvement in the EU are highly respected and even admired. But we see that so far the results are very modest, and the plans and commitments under to the first, according to the Kyoto and Paris agreements,have not been fulfilled by any country in the world.
And the main pollutants of the USA, China and Australia for 10 years have not even signed this agreement, because there are practically the same transnational companies and banks. Moreover, even the President of the country /Bush / acted only for their own selfish purposes and withdrew the signature of the previous President, as in the oil refining enterprises of his father, just increase costs.
The German government has done the same and does not want to sign AND implement CO2 emission standards. And the advent of the GFEC in 2008 further aggravated the problem and showed that there was not only an economic but also a political world crisis: the WTO can not adjust its work because of the stubborn protectionism of almost all countries, the inability of specialists to solve problems economically, China and India do not fulfill their obligations under the Kyoto agreement, etc.
But the main culprit is the ruling circles of the United States, which established after the second world war, the economic order only in their favor:
– refusal of gold content in the dollar,
– high interest rates in the US Federal reserve, the IB and the IMF,
– protectionism,
-obtaining the highest possible profit for their and transnational firms at any cost with the help of their puppets or puppet, and even dictatorial regimes, and to the detriment of local economies, ecology and the broad masses of the local population.
Thus, the modern World financial and economic system/ IFES / has become a complete anachronism in the world economy and a brake on the development of not only it, but also the United States itself and requires its radical reformation. Although the new US government understood this and took normal measures to save large firms |GM|, and banks, and medium-sized businesses, but still these measures are not enough. First, they are made mainly due to the additional issue of the dollar in the form of state credit, even the Commission on risk control is introduced, but its status is clearly insufficient, since total state control is needed.
A radical measure is the need to nationalize or at least put under strict state control the Federal fed, to limit the interest rate of the us system to one percent, and more than 1% – with the permission of the President , and with the approval of the Senate and the us Congress, because the world can not depend on a dozen financial bigwigs come off completely from life and do not know the limit of their greed / as is known before the GFEC crisis, interest rates in the US Federal reserve reached 6, 5%, i.e. almost half of all profits generated in the entire chain of the IFES/. Thus, there was total exploitation/ appropriation of profits / of the whole world.
The EU is trying to save its financial institutions. Each country – in its own way: Germany mainly by providing credit to the firms of the real economy and mainly to its automotive industry. Most of the smaller EU countries, especially those that have re-joined the EU and lived mainly at the expense of the Soviet Union, are now surviving – with assistance from the EU, but mostly all – by lending the state to its banks to ensure competition with the us oligarchic capital, but these are already belated steps.
New rules, new institutions and new political conditions are needed to ensure the competitive ability of all IFES participants.
As for the first two, we will consider in the next section, but as for the new political structures, it will be seen in the example of measures to save the natural environment on Earth, which are also part of the proper functioning of the IFES, as we can not talk about the normal IFES, if at the same time global environmental problems or even more catastrophes are looming.
In order to save the unique nature of the Earth that may be dying in our entire Galaxy, and together with it and us, with our incorrect IFES, radical measures are necessary, first of all, in the environmental legislation. This legislation can be achieved either by creating a global environmental structure or such a structure under the UN.
All this is not in the Paris agreement 2016.
Secondly, all decisions must be binding on all countries. And for this purpose, a UN Committee on environmental Affairs should be established, like at least UNESCO, under the leadership of which world environmental standards should be developed: strict standards for the maximum purification of all waste, which should be based on the principle of integrated processing of both raw materials and waste, complete purification of carbon monoxide and exhaust gases.
Other principles are needed:
– a complete ban on the extraction of sand and gravel in rivers and lakes,
– unable to cut down so many trees, how many, first sit down,
– you can catch as many seafood as you have saved or grown,
– violated the norms of ecology, the penalty should be in the amount of the cost of measures necessary to eliminate them or eliminate himself at his own expense.
For violations of the rules should be punished not only directly violators, but also representatives of state bodies that allowed it, up to the head of state, and then the application of sanctions to the whole country or the introduction of direct management of the UN representative in individual enterprises.
If the UN does not develop and introduce such standards at least since 2025, the environmental disaster is inevitable and then even the current magnates will not be able to hide behind their money or even villas in remote places.
But with this formulation of the question prices in the world will grow several times, and maybe an order of magnitude, the demand will fall, production-after him, it means an economic disaster. But, first, the salvation of nature has no price, and secondly, the introduction of such measures, of course, should be stretched for ten years /to 2040. / , and third, this high cost will enable the use of new technologies, will force us to look for
cheaper types of raw materials and energy, and they already exist, the prices for them in mass production will not be higher, and in some cases, for example, solar electricity and lower than now, which we will show in the next Chapter, and now consider another issu
Lecture 1. Ways of reformation of the world FES
Thus, we can determine that the main antagonistic contradiction, i.e. the contradiction consisting of oppositely directed interests, is a contradiction between the public, and in its performing form between the collective, the nature of labor and production and the private form of appropriation of products of labor and production, including financial products of labor(7).
Out of the economic process, this economic phenomenon emerges as a contradiction between the appropriation of most of the world’s profits by a handful of financial sharks, i.e. large international firms, banking and investment institutions, and the lack of consumption in most countries, firms and the majority of the people of any country.
The centralization of most of the free capital in the narrow hands exaggerates the oversupply of free capital / credit/ over demand in it, which is already outwardly the economic process, as the main social contradiction of globalization : that is, the contradiction between the increasing poverty of some and the increasing wealth of others.
The poverty of the General population, especially in countries without rich financial centres, does not stimulate demand for various goods, services and Finance, which limits supply, i.e. their production, and this in turn prevents the expansion of production, i.e. the expanded reproduction of goods, services and Finance, i.e. prevents the expanded reproduction of the entire economic system, and hence the credit for goods and Finance.
The excess of Finance in the hands of / from large firms and clans, especially us family clans (with global distribution of income, profits and dividends) comes into conflict with the lack of livelihood in the General population of all countries of the rest of the world, which LEADS to A large GAP BETWEEN DEMAND (demand for personal goods and demand for goods of industrial application for the real economy) and SUPPLY (financial credit capital), which means that such IFES leads to both abnormal /insufficient/ reproduction., as this population, and to not normal reproduction of hired labor force, as the second factor of production.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem and save IFES from deep crises, it is necessary to redistribute the global profit of IFES in favor of the General population, i.e. to increase the wages of employees and the income of small businesses, especially in developing countries, i.e. to compare them with the level of Western countries.
Will there be voluntary financial magnates, primarily the United States? Scarcely. Now, 4-5 family clans of the USA control 80% of the capital of the USA and 50% of the world capital. And all them little. And in order to continue to control the world capital, instead of building new businesses in developing countries and increase the income of the General population , they, the ruling circles of the United States, are increasing military spending at the expense of additional profits, as this is the easiest way to obtain super – profits in their country, as well as this is a power way to plunder and appropriate profits in o
From here, we can assume two ways of development / the third, the worst, which is described by science fiction writer Belyaev a hundred years ago, we do not even consider /: medium and good. The middle one, too bad, is most likely.
For a long time, the US government, under the influence of financial tycoons from the Belvedere Club, will not go to a fundamental reformation of the MFEC: nationalization of the US Federal Financial Reserve System (FRS) and controlling dollar emissions and limiting% for a loan from the US FRS to 2%, partial / adequate / covering the dollar with gold and other precious metals and transferring the World Bank and the IMF to world institutions for the benefit and in the interests of all countries of the world. Therefore, the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008 will actually last for 20-25 years, then a very slow recovery will begin, especially in Western countries, which will last for about 10 years, and then again stagnation, recession and the final decline in a long, several For decades, the IPE is a crisis in which China, as well as other countries of the rest of the world, will finally fall.
Only after this, cardinal reforms of the economic system will be carried out in the USA, and after them in the whole MFES, but it will be too late. Most of the population in the US will be so impoverished that radical political reforms will be made: the dissolution of the Belvedere Club, the nationalization of the US Federal Reserve Service, the nationalization of all major banks, the dissolution of the IF, the emergence of left parties in the US parliament.
But time and money will be lost, world resources will be squandered on senseless military equipment, on ugly cities, perverted services and carbohydrates burned in hydrocarbon furnaces. The world community will approach the full resource and environmental crisis, as a result of which all countries, nations and companies will become poorer, including the US family clans, because of the greed of which all this will happen.
By the middle of the 21st century, forests will surely be cut down to such an extent that any wood will become precious and will not only be able to satisfy world needs, but also the need for purifying the atmosphere, oceans, seas and rivers are dirtied, the cost of oil will reach $ 200 per barrel, and gasoline $ 5 per liter, cars on the roads will be small, but the air will still be difficult to breathe, even in those recently wild forests and places that have bought American and other rich. Alternative energy, including nuclear, will be about 1/3 of the whole, but oil will not be enough and production will begin to fall on a planetary scale.
There will be no means for a normal transition to CEE with a complex development of deserts, especially mountains. And according to this, in the production of pure silicon, the desert instead of a garden and a park will turn into a landscape worse than the lunar one: deep and long quarries will be replaced by ugly waste heaps, dumps from stones and rubbish from shrubs, wastes, etc. etc..
After that, mankind will have to suffer for more than one hundred years to get out of this crisis, the population of the globe in 60-100 years will fall 1.5-2 times, 80% of which will live a long time on the verge of poverty.
And now we will consider a good, I can even say almost ideal variant, which is not only really possible, but also necessary if we want to develop normally in the future, and for this most of the population of any country, of any nationality, of any position, we must understand that the era has come globalization, and it provides first and foremost respect for the interests of all people, and not the private interests of each individual.
Of course, in the present conditions, the end of the first decade of the 21st century, and in the context of the IFEC, the best option would be for the dollar to become a truly global currency. But the current owners of the dollar, the richest US clans, united into a private, hidden from the public club, will never agree to this, as they now use the dollar and the US state for their own personal and selfish purposes, and with the use of military violence against undesirable countries, people and over the whole nature of the Earth as a whole, with the aim of taking away most of not only the profits from all the people of the Earth, and even underpaid wages, especially in developing countries.
Moreover, in addition to bribing local officials, carrying out arrogant velvet revolutions with the goal of setting their puppet heads at the head of state, and even killing undesirable people not only abroad, but also in their own country, they also use purely economic, relatively honest ways of capturing natural riches. of various countries in every corner of the globe: buying up land with wildlife under the guise of protecting it, as the owner of “Netneton” and Tom Keynes did, buying almost a million hectares of land not only in the desert regions of Argentina’s Patogonia from 10 million wild lands about and protected areas, including the largest freshwater lake / and the land around it / in the Western Hemisphere. And before that, the Argentinean lands were bought by the Americans Kissinger and the Rockefellers, who they captured controlling stakes in natural resource companies, managed prices in order to ruin competitors, etc. etc., and then they acted with direct military intervention, as was the case in Mexico in 1919 with the overthrow of the government they disliked, which wanted to distribute part of the land to the peasants, in Guatemala in 1954, with the armed overthrow of the legitimate government of Arbeni, which wanted to nationalize banana plantations, owned mainly by American firms, in Chile – in 1972 -74, in Argentina, in the 1990s, and in Iraq – in the beginning of the 21st century, and in many other countries where there was no direct military, but arrogantly political, Interventions: in Indonesia 60s, the Philippines 70, in Ethiopia – 80-x, Somalia – 90-x, etc.
LECTURE 2. Creating a new world currency based on CEE is an ideal option for a well functioning WFES.
Therefore, the ideal option is the creation of a new world currency, which the Governments of Russia and China have already proposed, which have suffered the most and innocently from the global crisis: China from reducing consumption in the world, and Russia from bankrupt Western banks, in which almost all state finances were invested, derived from high hydrocarbon prices and, above all, oil, gas and forest, and being the main competitors of the United States in the global market system.
If they unite (and with the current US policy) this is the only way for them to survive /, they will be able to succeed in this, since in these two countries one third of the human, natural and gold resources of the world, and in China in addition one third of the mountainous and one tenth deserts and a lot of sand, which in the 22nd century should become the main “gold” of the world. But how to create a new world currency, they do not know how. And on this they are given about 20 years.
With the beginning of the 30s, a global world crisis will come in all areas, but especially in the energy sector and the global economy can only be saved by the transition to CEE.
Thus, only the transition to CEE will provide an opportunity to create a global currency unit, based on not only and not so much precious metals, and most importantly – pure semiconductor silicon.
Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, one kilogram of semiconductor silicon costs about $ 600, i.e. about as silver. Having established mass production of silicon on a global scale, the price of silicon will decrease not less than 2 times, i.e. will be about half the price of silver or 100 times cheaper than gold and platinum. In addition, in the 22nd century, the role of silicon and diamonds will increase in space technology for the development of other planets: these are the photovoltaic stations of the lunar and Martian bases, widespread use in space engines, and more specifically in space planes.
In the next thousand years, the role of silicon in civilization will increase all the time, and since its production is quite expensive / energy-intensive /, silicon can become the main currency of the world.
If by the beginning of the 30s of the 21st century, mass production of semiconductor silicon begins with the integrated development of deserts and mountains, then the price of 1 gram of silicon can become a unit of world currency, and such currency can be called “silicon”, i.e. the cost of producing a unit of weight of semiconductor silicon or in the current currency alone of silicon will be commensurate with the dollar / now 1 gram of silicon costs about $ 0.6 /. When mass production of silicon is established, this course will decrease no less than by half, i.e. will be two times less than the cost of silver, and stabilizes at about this level: the cost of one silicone will be equal to about a hundredth of the cost of 1 gram of gold. One hundredth part of siliciums can be called siliconicum and issued in the form of coins and it will contain about a thousandth of the price of 1gr. gold The cost of sand going to produce silicon / enriched, that is, will rise sharply. washed and calcined in a special oven, red sand, will cost a tenth of the current cost of silicon, i.e. 50-100 dollars. per kg and enriched sand will become “golden” sand in the literal and figurative sense.
And how many grams of pure silicon will be released by any country, so much paper or electronic money of the world / silicon / should be released into circulation. And on various bills of silicon, there should be images of the first mass metallurgical plant for the production of semiconductor silicon, the first sunmobile on a silicon converter, the most outstanding building on silicon energy, solar desalination of sea water, etc.
And how much salary is given, so much should be given paper or electronic money for personal use, how many goods / products are produced and sold, and so much should non-cash bank money be. And then inflation, sharp rates of falling currencies, etc. just will not be possible.
Now it looks almost fantastic, but if our civilization cannot in the nearIn the near future, mass production of silicon and the integrated development of mountains and deserts, and the introduction of real world money, without exploitation, appropriating most of the profits in separate groups, then not only the MESP, but also the entire civilization is threatened with death.
The issuance of such world money without flint content should be prohibited. If there is not enough or a lot of money in a bank, a country or globally, this suggests that / when new conditions for the functioning of the MFES proposed by the author are fulfilled /:
a) if the country’s banking system does not have enough money for:
– crediting, it means that investments in the real economy are too large, do not correspond to the real demand from the population and economic agents. And after that, it is not necessary to borrow loans from international financial institutions in order to satisfy the excessive demand for loans, while the real economy is undervalued to realize them and thereby raise the discount rate in international banks and financial institutions / refinancing rate in state banks of the country /,
– turnover / cash and non-cash /, this means that wages and profits grow at a rate faster than labor productivity and need to reduce the cost of pricing products: raw materials, energy, mass goods of personal and industrial consumption. After that, it is not necessary to borrow money to meet such distorted demand / or to carry out
best-selling bare emms /, and it is necessary to develop and implement measures to increase labor productivity, reduce costs and save raw materials and energy, and other economic and administrative measures.
b) if there is an excess of money in the banking system for:
– loans, it means that the refinancing rates and interest rates in the country are too high and they should be lowered,
– turnover, this means that the wages and profits of small economic agents are understated and they need to be raised, first of all with the help of taxes, and directly, primarily with reference to budgetary organizations.
Thus, we see that the method of regulating macro-processes, only at the expense of credit interest, not only has its limitations, but is not always correct and adequate to the economic process itself, and it is necessary to take legislative measures / best of all beforehand adopted / legal and administrative measures and regulation.
And all these problems must be solved in a practical economy, and not at the expense of only the emission of currency and discount rates and interest on a loan.
Consequently, the ideal option can be considered as such that by the 20s the world community will adopt basic environmental standards, subordinate the IB and the IMF to Ozone, develop and pool funds for CEE within the Sahara countries, and even better within the UN for the development of all the world’s empty and by the beginning of the 30s, it will begin mass production of semiconductor silicon and mass introduction of CEE with the integrated development of deserts and the parallel introduction of the world currency in the form of silicon chips.
Then silver will cost about 2 siliciums, gold – more than 100, and so a truly world and true currency will arise.
And the Belvedere (Bendarvel) club of the richest and most greedy US clans should be debunked and then closed as mafia / uncontrollable by law / and disbanded forever, since it rules the MESF only in its narrow interests against the interests of all mankind.
Summarizing, we can say that the modern MFES is mafia, i.e. It is governed by it outside the official laws, and in order to overhaul it, it is necessary to get rid of the mafia, Belvedere Club.
It is necessary that all current world organizations voluntarily be part of the UN and managed by it, the ways of creating the UN Government, the main activity in which will be the implementation and management of the EEF process and the transition, at the same time, to the world currency from silicone.
LECTURE 3. World money – as a sensor of the functioning of the WFES in a true and fair globalization.
As you know, money carries its objective economic properties:
– instrument of payment,
– the form of the price of the goods, (see 4)
– objective equivalent carrier in the exchange of goods,
– a way of accumulating wealth.
Only such objective properties and functions can have real money. But the dollar, as the world currency, the ruling classes of the United States used in international relations, especially in the second half of the 20th century, mainly to seize most of the global profits from economic activities in favor of the United States and, above all, for the benefit of its financial tycoons, mainly for the benefit of private founders of the US Federal Financial Reserve, i.e. used the dollar as a way of exploiting wage labor and taking profits from smaller capital in all countries of the world where this money was functioning.
This was primarily due to high interest rates / up to 6.5% / of loans issued by the US Federal Reserve Service, the uncontrolled emission of the dollar and the special speculation of the Federal Reserve and its associated banks, payment of dollar transfers and
transfers, etc. All this gave the US fictitious capital up to 20% of
Gross national income (GNI), and even more in times of crisis.
Then, through state and commercial banks, finance / fictitious capital / were transferred through a loan to the real sectors of the economy at 14-15% per annum, which took virtually all world profits in the United States.
A similar financial policy was in the IMF and the IB, which was carried out in the interests of American firms and the American state, most often political.
But, if world money and world financial institutions act independently of political systems and the interests of only individual countries, they will clearly perform the above functions and will be sensors of the status of the MFES.
If all issued paper and non-cash money will be provided with real money, i.e. precious metals and stones, and above all the massive release of semiconductor silicon, the sharp depreciation of world money / silicon / will not occur
And they will be the real measurers of the cost of producing any commodity and the objective essence of this commodity; both speculative capital and the profit it receives will decrease.
The crisis was largely due to the fact that the speculative capital and the profits it received were uncontrolled and, above all, the rise in oil prices did not correspond to the increase in production costs and the price was completely divorced from environmental expenditures, i.e. they were not as such with a huge increase in prices and profits from the sale of oil and oil products.
The price objectively rises, if costs per unit of goods or per unit of use value increase *. With an improvement in the quality of a commodity, the price of a unit of use value should decrease when the balance between supply and demand is reached.
This can be mathematically expressed (see 4):
Tsn = Ca + (Ca x Mon / Pa – Ca), where:
TSN – the price of a new better product,
Tsa – the price of analogue / well-known most popular product with known consumer properties /,
Mon – utility / combination of consumer properties / new better product,
Pa – the utility of analog.
Ken – the coefficient of redistribution of economic effect / income / from the consumption of a new higher quality product.
In a normal economic process, this income should be approximately equally distributed between the three participants in this economic process: the producer, the investor, and the consumer. To the producer – to compensate his additional expenses and at the same time receive increased profits due to these additional costs, to the investor – to compensate his additional risks from investing capital and obtaining higher profits, and to the consumer – to increase efficiency / income / from the consumption of this new product.
The producer, in turn, distributes net profit (after deducting increased taxes and other mandatory payments to budgets / for dividends to domestic investors: individuals and economic agents, bonuses to managers and wage labor / inventors, engineers, and to wages to hired workers from profits /, to expansion production and ecology.
Thus, for the manufacturer, this coefficient / Ke / should be about 0.3, i.e. about a third of the effectiveness of a new product comes in the form of income to the manufacturer, and for the consumer and the seller – about 0.7, i.e. the whole chain from producer to consumer.
product, including the investor, can assign, whatever the normal flow of the economic process, only a third of the income from the new product. If such a distribution is violated, then the normal economic process of production and reproduction of it, and therefore the entire FES, is also violated.
Such world money, which reflects the true price of goods, will / should be / and equivalent in the exchange of goods and services.
This is especially important for services, namely for the correct payment of services of wage labor. The latter was not particularly respected and not observed in the MFES, which was one of the important reasons for the GMFEK offensive. What is meant.
Not only an intermediary on the international commodity exchange
/ TSB / should receive income / income / from the sale of coffee, but also coffee pickers in Ethiopia should not only receive an equivalent remuneration for their labor services, but also receive their share of the profits, in the same approximate proportion / rate of return / that and capital in the real sector of the economy of this industry.
Coffee collectors, and especially gardeners of coffee, not only need to bring the salary in line, at least with the minimum wages of developed countries where they drink coffee, i.e. to increase the salary by 5-8 times, but also to give out a bonus from the profit of the agricultural enterprise in proportion to the amount of salary received at the rate of% issued by this enterprise / AO / dividends, i.e. it is necessary to introduce an international standard for the issuance of dividends / bonuses / and hired labor.
Then the consumption of goods in these countries will increase, which means the production of various goods and the demand for credit for its implementation.
Now in practice it turns out that everyone, including the dealer / intermediary /, makes a profit not only on his capital, but also on his work, and the dealer – with a rate of up to 1000% per year, and one of the factors of production This coffee / work / does not have a couple of percent for the same year for investing its “capital”, i.e. labor. And all this underestimates, and even stops the expanded reproduction of labor, i.e. labor that can not be called a normal economic process.
Finally, world money can be considered as such, if they perform one of the most important functions, namely, the accumulation of wealth, and this can happen if world money, silicements / and their hundredth part, i.e. silicon / can be changed at any time, not only for a certain amount of pure, semiconductor silicon, but also for precious metals and stones.
Then the world money itself will not depreciate, but their the dimensionality will depend on the amount of expenses for the production of one gram / kg / of semiconductor silicon, and they will always be kept in banks or securities.
Invented and imposed on the world in the 60s by the US authorities, or rather US financial aces, members of the closed Belvedere club, the creators of the US Federal Reserve, without the gold content of the dollar or more precisely, the refusal exchange dollars for gold and other precious metals and stones is an economic banditry and was aimed at exploiting the world with the help of the dollar. Without the gold content of the dollar and its uncontrolled emission is the third most important cause of the onset of the GPA crisis and its repeatability in the future.
But now back to the myth that environmental costs lead necessarily to inflation. Environmental costs are not accompanied directly by the production of goods for consumption, nature itself consumes, and ultimately goes to pay, i.e. go mainly to the expanded reproduction of labor, which means that not only increases the number of jobs, which reduces unemployment, but also increases the demand, mainly for consumer goods, and therefore increases the demand for consumer goods and with it – production growth and the need for an extended production credit.
Thus, the moderate costs of environmental activities very beneficial effect on the whole complex of PE relations. But since over the past ten years environmental expenditures have clearly lagged behind the required expenditures, then in the future they should be observed a very large increase, which will ultimately increase all prices. But here, as they say, better to change your computer and car less often than to kill nature in such a way thatthen you will have to dramatically increase the cost of its salvation and the salvation of their health.
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* – see 4, chapter1
LECTURE 4. The lack of freedom of movement of labor, small capital and small businesses is a strong brake on the normal functioning of the WFES in the context of modern globalization.
So, we see that the current MFES is completely ugly and is aimed at appropriating most of the world profit / and not only profit, but also labor by releasing the US Federal Reserve money and turnover in the real economy below what is needed for normal activity / from its operation to large American capital, primarily members of the Fed, at the expense of overstated (over 1%) interest rates of the Fed and the over-issue of the dollar and freedom of access of this capital / through large banks / to large / most important / raw materials markets using the dollar and relevant US state policies.
At the same time, there is no freedom of movement of medium and, moreover, small capital from other countries to the West, especially in the USA, there is no access of this capital to world exchanges, and their movement between countries is restricted by national protectionist laws:
– the need to create joint ventures to invest in a foreign country,
– expensive banking licenses,
– high% to obtain loans not only from large commercial banks, but also from the IMF and the World Bank and others.
Therefore, the abolition of the mandatory creation of a joint venture
/ at least with investments up to 1 million dollars / and the creation of international benefits for this capital is an important condition for the globalization of medium and small capital and the normal functioning of the MFES.
One of the important benefits for small capital and business is to be the complete abolition of duties or preferential import and export duties on equipment for small businesses, especially for the most important sectors of a given country, including farming. So for Moldova it is an agricultural production and the processing of its products, for Russia it is the furniture and fish industry, the agricultural and its processing, the production of components and spare parts and much more, for Ukraine the agricultural production and its processing, for many African countries are water supply, tourism, and also agricultural production, etc.
For freer movement of goods, we have already noted that restrictions on the upper limit of customs duties and their strict observance are needed: 15% are now recommended, but no one, especially the United States, where they reach up to 500%, does not comply with this, but it’s necessary that the import duty was not more than 10%, and higher – with the permission of the WTO.
The current doping prices must be extinguished with the help, as we also noted earlier, of raising the minimum wage in the relevant industry of the importer, i.e. by increasing the minimum wage in the light and electronic industries of China, peasants and sugar industry workers in Cuba and Brazil, cotton farmers in India, workers in coffee plantations in Brazil and Ethiopia, etc., while limiting government subsidies in the United States and other Western countries.
Then, the import duties of developed countries will be less, which means that there will be less money coming to the budgets of these countries and less money for government subsidies to uncompetitive industries and products. But there will be more wages of hired workers in developing countries, more profit from small businesses, and therefore more demand for production and credit.
But the most important thing for improving the functioning of the MFES is the change, and even better the elimination, of a relapse of the 20th century, i.e. the abolition of restrictions on the movement of labor, as well as people in general, between countries, which resulted from the first and second communist and imperialist expansion and their opposition, manifested in the Cold War. But fascism and Stalinism have long fallen, and restrictions have remained mainly because of the restrictive policies of the West.
After all, before the start of the 1st World War, it was possible to go anywhere with an international passport and only the country of departure made any restrictions. Now everything is exactly the opposite.
At the same time, if the visa regime in Europe is aimed at restricting the exit of poor / cheap / labor, especially from Africa, then the US visa regime is aimed primarily at protecting the ideology of the existing US regime and practically does not differ from the iron curtain of the communist regime in the USSR under Stalin, i.e. is absolutely ideological, and not an economic factor in restricting the movement of labor and freedom of movement in general.
In order for globalization to be real, free and equal, the free movement of all types of capital (large, medium and small), labor / hired, free and forced /, property / private, collective and public
state / information, especially scientific and technical, legislative, and population / citizens / any country to any country of the world.
This requires administrative / political / measures:
– carrying out measures for the protection and preservation of medium and small banks, firms and economic agents,
– ensuring the free flow of medium and small capital, both within any country and between countries,
– creation of the best conditions and benefits for small and medium businesses;
– full freedom of labor flow over Internet contracts and others,
– depoliticization of the world, especially small and medium businesses.
But, in order to switch to a visa-free regime, it is necessary to create many jobs in developing countries dramatically and reduce their unemployment to the Midwest. This can be achieved quickly only if all countries reduce military spending by 2 times and direct all these funds to investments in developing countries / one a bolt in a rocket or plane can cost up to 1,000 dollars, which is then destroyed during the explosion,
which is equal to the annual expenditures of small businesses in Africa /, to invest not in military bases and wars, but in the integrated development of deserts, primarily in North Africa, in the preservation of tropical and Siberian forests, the complete purification of all wastewater and flue gases, to increase wages in countries with its low level, including in Russia and China, reject the neo-Colanist ideology, the current sadistic competition, i.e. not to destroy a competitor at any cost, but to cooperate constructively, and move from barbaric technologies and industries of the 20th century to new environmentally clean technologies of the 3rd millennium: solar flint power engineering, solar vehicles with a hull on flint converters, replacement of finishing hydrocarbon materials with foam-stone, deforestation according to the principle: how many trees you planted, so much you can and cut down, how many fish and sea resources you have produced or saved, and caught as many, etc. etc..
Otherwise, it is possible not only the death of the modern MFES, and therefore the death of the current financial gates and their capitals, as well as the USA itself, but of the entire Western civilization, as it was with other civilizations: Minoan, Antique, Persian, Chingizian, Ottoman, Russian and empires, the main cause of death is the greed of power and overhead *.
LECTURE 5. Restricted and regulated protectionism – the need for a transition to normal globalization.
Thus, we see that a lot is needed to create a normal globalization of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations. And very little time is left to realize and implement all of this: all these measures should be taken by 2020, start implementing them from 20, and from about 30 fully comply with them, and this will be very difficult to implement, especially from an environmental point of view. i.e. in terms of full compliance with the strictest environmental standards that prevent the destruction of the terrestrial ecosystem
For this period, regulated and controlled protectionism is a way to protect the interests of all states and nations, regions and regions, and it is objectively necessary. A complete rejection of it or deformation in favor of individual countries or capital is the key to the death of such globalization of the MFES.
Functions necessary, in our opinion, protectionism in the future:
– regulation of import duties and export subsidies in the range of up to 10%, more than 10% – with the permission of the WTO,
– the transition to the regulation of export, not import, as now, VAT, and then a complete waiver of VAT and the transition only to income tax,
– regulation of the minimum wage level above the internationally accepted and above the subsistence minimum,
– regulation of joint ventures with foreign capital above one million dollars,
– regulation of state conditions only for departure of its citizens abroad, entry – according to international standards,
– the introduction of higher than international environmental standards
in my own country
– regulation of bank interest rates to the maximum level / no more than 2% at each bank /,
– regulation of internal relations, including and transnational companies and e. but.,
– regulation of the activities of bankrupt ea. and providing financial assistance to collective enterprises
– provision of financial assistance and concessional loans to certain ea.
6. Restricting the creation of super large transnational companies is a condition for the normal functioning of the MFES and harmonious society.
Modern supermonopolies, transnational, transnational and intercontinental companies / financial and industrial empires – FPIs / are essentially monopolies not only in their own countries, but often also in MFES. They are very cumbersome and complex economic structures with a complete gap between the form of production and the form of distribution of products of production.
and most importantly, with a complete separation of people producing labor in the production process from participating in the distribution of labor results, that is, people who directly set the means of production in motion are completely excluded from production management and the distribution of results from this.
The workers and engineers of the enterprise in the production sphere clearly state its production behavior in the production process,
they cannot deviate not only from technology, but also offer some improvements, receive material or moral encouragement for it, i.e. there is no incentive for any improvement in production, and most importantly, the enterprise’s team does not participate in any production management, as there is a rigid vertical in management and the team as a whole does not participate in making any strategic decisions or profit sharing. Those who drive the means of production do not participate in the distribution of the results of this production, i.e. not interested in its technical improvement / economy of raw materials, production time, etc. / and economic efficiency, which cannot be considered normal. They are even more separated from the process of managing production and distribution of production results in large firms and multinational companies.
More antgonistic is the case with the environment. There, the process of production and distribution of profits is already associated with the territories where the enterprises are located, with components that are produced in other territories, and even countries, with raw materials, which are usually very far from the production of the final product.
For example, the controlling stake of the Russian processing company “Lukoil” belonged to the British “BP”, the controlling stake of which in turn belonged to large American banks and the oil refining firm “Standartoil”. So will there be such owners from the USA, whose concrete surnames are impossible to find out and worry about, during oil production, transportation and refining, about the ecology of the territories in the Siberian expanses of Russia? No, of course, since they are interested in the profit of the day.
Moreover, on the contrary, such proprietors take all measures and are often illegal in order to reduce costs in this direction, even to the point that they bribe local officials, promote their people to state bodies, and the government, especially the United States, tries to put its puppets in the power of the country support the opposition they need in order to have the best and cheapest access to natural resources, or even unleash a war under the fictional pretext, as the US government in Iraq did, just to
companies closely associated with the family of President Bush had preferential access to this country’s oil.
Can all this be considered normal? Not. To improve the situation, it is necessary to involve in the management of the processes representative bodies of the state, local authorities, the collective of the mining enterprises and not only their enterprises.
The unlimited power of supermonopolies unleashed by American super large firms and the largest US banks has led and will always lead to GFEK.
For example, the American supermonopoly GM / General Motors / monopolized not only the production of expensive cars, but also practically – all over the world. But that was not enough for her. She also bought the majority of shares and the German Opel, one of the most popular cars in the world, since she was able to take more favorable loans from the USA in her time, and then acquired a controlling stake in the Swedish company Saab, which produces trucks. Thus, this supermonopoly of the United States has become an international superpowering monopoly controlling production from ultra-small cars to large trucks. And as a result of the crisis, she received billions of funds in the form of aid and a loan from the US Government and about one billion from the German Government, but she still cannot cope with the recession and sold Saab and Opel. This speaks not only of complete greed, but the inability of GM owners to manage their firm.
Unbridled greed and desire for super-profits led to such a swelling of the monopoly, that at the first critical situation, it completely broke.
So is it worth it in advance to allow such a swelling of a monopoly, if such a monster is not capable of life. To the American state, its salvation cost hundreds of billions of dollars, which means that this money will still be pumped out of the world economy.
And so it happened with most of the automotive giant firms, or rather, monsters, banks and investment funds. After all, it would be better for banks at the time, together with the German state, to help Opel cope with financial problems, but leave the Opel independent or transfer, or donate, the company to its production team, in the form of separate independent plants, leaving the general state management of the company .
If GM at one time had redeveloped “Opel” to release
New eco-friendly cars, solar vehicles, and these 100 billion dollars would be enough for this, now they would have enjoyed unlimited demand, since they do not need gasoline or fuel at all. And they only took and changed one careless owner for another, i.e. changed the awl on the soap.
In such cases, it would be better for each plant to transfer the production team to its collective ownership with a gradual redemption within a certain time, and the team itself will better decide how to get out of bankruptcy or a difficult economic situation.
As practice has shown, even in the United States itself, this is a very effective method of changing ownership. So in the postwar years, the mining industry of the USA / stone, coal, shale, peat, and others / could not withstand the competition with gas and fuel oil and began to go out of business. But when all the enterprises were transferred to the ownership of their teams for a normal price and the enterprises received preferential loans (3-5%) from the state, most of the mines, mines and workings withstood the competition and survived, many still.
So collective ownership has shown its greatest efficiency, even in such a competitively tough country as the USA, than private property. After all, if a collective enterprise does not even have a profit, then it can continue to work, since its owners receive a salary, and if there is a loss, then the owner himself decides to lower his salary or not.
After all, modern enterprises and labor are collective in nature, and the distribution of the results of labor and production is private capitalist in nature / commanded by one who has a controlling stake and is only in his own favor /.
Thus, the modern real sector of the economy bears in itself the antagonistic contradiction between the collective nature of labor and production and the private capitalist form of managing it and appropriating the results of labor and production.
Consequently, in case of bankruptcy of any enterprise in the real sector of the economy, it is necessary to introduce a law / global norm /, that the enterprise’s collective has firstly the right to buy its own enterprise not only at its own expense, but also soft loans in commercial and state banks. And this, nevertheless, is better than bringing the enterprise to complete bankruptcy, and FES – before the crisis.
And then, on a par with the Council of Shareholders of an enterprise and a firm, the Workers Council of an enterprise / parliament of an enterprise or company should function, chosen by direct secret voting of the employees of the enterprise from among the employees of this enterprise only.
Third, if all these three options are not possible.
Third, if all these three options are not possible, then the enterprise will be nationalized and then the state will determine its fate.
So, summarizing, one can determine that in case of bankruptcy of private (joint-stock, etc., etc.) firms, there can be only four acceptable options: collectivization first. then either repurposing, or modernization, or in the end – nationalization.
Did at least one of the measures listed here by the author of the measures be any of the countries that are now leaving GFEK? Not. None and nothing. This means that even if these countries come out of the crisis, in 8-10 years they will fall into it again, because the foundations of this crisis have not been eliminated. Thus, by about the mid-thirties a new one will break out and the author thinks that the last crisis, from which the old methods can no longer be overcome without reforming the whole MFES, but only then everything can be done harder, and maybe even impossible to do. . the whole economic system may collapse.
In order to prevent this from happening it is necessary, besides everything from the above, to move to competition: from the principle of struggle for the complete destruction of a competitor by any means to the principle of competitive neutrality and cooperation.
The new principle of competition should include:
– a ban on the purchase of a competing enterprise, company, production sector,
– the transition from corporate to copyright patenting, in which the inventor, etc., will have the right to apply his patents at competitor’s enterprises,
– permission to use the patent at a competing company and without the permission of the author, but with its mandatory notification and the corresponding, according to the law, automatic payment to the author and maybe the company, payment of the fee for the application of the invention and in case of disagreement of the author with the size and condition of the fee and application then allow the application of the invention – until a court decision.
To reduce the growth of super large firms vertically and horizontally, it is necessary to introduce certain principles for the purchase of bankrupt firms:
– in each country there must be at least three competing firms
and if at the same time one of the firms went bankrupt, then state aid (interest-free or concessional loan) should be allowed to bring it out of bankruptcy or that part of its production that is among the last three competitors in this industry,
– if the company is among the last three competitors in the world, then the same measures to save it from bankruptcy as within the country should be allowed,
– should not be allowed to buy a competing company or that part of its production, which is one of the last three competitors,
– if the company in the country is the only one, then it is not allowed to buy it by the firm of any other country, it has all the benefits and it can, as a last resort, be nationalized.
7. Regulation of the activities of super huge banks is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the MFES.
But no matter how cool you are, it is financial institutions / banks, IF, etc. / that are to blame for the credit crisis that broke out in 2008, and after him – for the financial and economic crisis.
They gave loans to the insolvent population and gave loans at too high interest rates for too large development of automobile production, but they did not give loans, especially concessional, for the development of agricultural production in developing and poor countries, including most CIS countries. Instead, they issued mainly loans for the construction of supermarkets, because there, in a year, it would be possible to earn income.
Therefore, it is natural that it is necessary to regulate their activities and, first of all, to regulate / restrict / the activities of large international banks. They invested up to 60% of all financial resources and up to 80% through other, local banks.
The first and most important thing, and the author has already noted this before, is that national banks and super huge banks must give loans to other banks with incomes not higher than 0.5%, and with the permission of the relevant anti-monopoly authority – up to 1%, and directly to enterprises real economy – up to 2%. Thus, the percentage of loans to real industrial enterprises should not exceed 5%, and with the permission of the government of the country – no more than 6%.
All this can be achieved if the following principle is in effect in the financial and credit system: a financial institution can add / issue / loan only up to one percent on its own, and up to one percent – with the permission of the relevant supervisory body: the US Federal Reserve – by Congress or the US President , National banks – by national Parliaments, commercial banks and funds – by the financial authorities of the country and regional governments.
Naturally, the interest on deposits should not be more than 3% (we will consider in more detail later), and the total bank% in the real economy should not be more than 5%. All of this should be monitored and regulated by the country’s national banks and their governments. Only then the real sphere of the economy will become unavailable in most of its branches. Now PROFITABILITY is observed only for the banking system and the most advanced technologies, all other sectors, especially the daily real daily sphere of the economy, are ineffective, so they greatly exploit hired labor to be able to expand or come to a standstill, which cannot be considered normal in a normal economic system .
Then, on average, the real sector of production will get 6-8% / of the world percentage profit /, i.e. not less than 50% of the total absolute profit, and this is necessary for its normal production and reproduction: labor, capital and the actual real sector of the economy, i.e. it is necessary to transfer the receipt of the main (at least half) profit by the real sector of the economy, which means reduce its dependence on banks, and increase its dependence on the specific demand of the economy.
But this is not enough. We also need administrative restrictions on the activities of large banks, since from practice, it has long been seen that the banking system, without its precise regulation and administrative intervention, is not only unable to work for all segments of the population, but even for itself, since it contains antagonistic contradictions that lead either to a crisis of its system, or to the impoverishment of broad sections of the population and the ensuing harsh struggle for its rights. But both can happen, then this is a revolutionary situation that does not lead to anything good: either to the death of the old economic system and its replacement, as a rule, opposite and also with internal antagonistic contradictions, or to the death of the entire system, and then – and civilizations.
Therefore, it is necessary, among other things, to prohibit any bank, including for state banks, except small ones, to have, buy and manage enterprises of the real economy.
For temporary ownership, banks may have shares of enterprises in the real sphere of the economy only for temporary use:
a) for technical modernization and resale in order to return their funds,
b) to provide financial assistance in order to restructure the enterprise and bring it to profitability or sell it and bring it to profitable activity,
c) to change the owner, able to bring the enterprise of the real economy to a profitable activity,
d) in order to change the form of ownership:
– at privatization of state ownership of other types:
private, joint-stock, collective, etc.
– in the transition of private and share ownership to collective ownership,
– in case of nationalization of private or joint-stock property, i.e. in the transition of these types of property in the state.
Banks may have a permanent ownership of shares of firms in the real sector of the economy / production / if there is a controlling stake or shares of a closed joint-stock company of the entire enterprise, if they have a license to manage this enterprise. After all, to conduct banking, you must have a license to do so. And why, in order to manage very complex production processes of products or services, which sometimes produce super-complex products, shouldn’t a bank have a license?
Omnipotence of banks and poor state control over them, as well as the lack of power of customers, is the basis of the banking (and not only banking) crisis. Has all of this been provided, or at least partially, in the proposed measures to eliminate the crisis in the decisions of summits of 9, 20, or at least individual countries, in order to overcome the crisis? Not. And this means that the basis of future crises remains and it will be repeated in a maximum of 10-15 years, i.e. – somewhere in 2030 / +, – 5 /, but this will be another crisis, destructive for the MFES and all Western civilization, and first of all for the USA, if radical measures proposed by the author of this book on the reformation of MFES are not taken until 2025 , and for this we need political reforms of a global scale, which we will discuss in the next chapter.
LECTURE 6. Excessively high interest on deposits – a brake in the development of the WFES.
Excessively high% of deposits of the population / individuals /, with on the one hand, they overestimate% for loans to economic agents, which slows down its demand, which means it also slows down production, on the other hand, it overestimates% of consumer’s credit to buy goods, which reduces the demand for personal consumption of expensive goods, and therefore does not encourage their production and credit for them.
Therefore, the% on deposits of the population should be reduced / limited / to 2-3%, and to stimulate deposits of funds from economic agents, which are now completely underdeveloped in the modern MFES, since it is in itself ugly and the real sector of the economy has small profits. , and even then they go mainly for dividends, but it is necessary that these enterprises themselves save up a certain part for their further development and take less loans by accumulating money on a special account or on a deposit.
On the other hand, if the% of deposits is very high, then the majority of the population will try to use it not on the consumption of expensive goods or on their business, but on the rentier, i.e. on life at the expense of% on deposits, which can not be considered a normal economic phenomenon.
Thus, in the new and in our opinion more normal IFES, funds for loans in commercial banks should be formed from such funds:
– loans and borrowings from the state, state / central / banks and state-commercial banks / at 2-3% /,
– from the IMF, the IB and the ESC and others / at 1-2% /,
– loans from large international commercial banks and investment funds / 1-3% /,
– deposits from economic agents that should be
up to 60% of the funds credited / at 2-4% /,
– deposits from individuals / at 1-3% /,
– income from banking / credit / activities / 1-2% /.
Consequently, the basis of the new MFES should be the redistribution of part of the global profit in favor of enterprises in the real sector of the economy and bank income from deposits in this sector.
And then an excess of profit in the real sector of the economy, accompanied by real financial resources, rather than fictitious and speculative, as now, will be directed directly to the development of these enterprises or industries that have a great demand for their products.
All of these recommended interest rates on deposits and loans are possible on one condition that the US Fed rate will be no more than 2% (more than 1% – with the permission of the government or the US Congress), and then no more than 1% will be added at each financial level, a% of credit to the real sector should be limited to 5% (in exceptional cases, 6-7% with the permission of the relevant body controlling the financial source).
LECTURE 7. Limiting growth and regulating speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the MFES.
There is no doubt that the market and, in particular, the commodity exchanges are needed for an objective determination of the price of a commodity, since the balance of supply and demand determines the socially necessary expenditures for the production of this commodity, i.e. the quantity and quality of labor and energy needed to produce a given use value.
But weak administrative and economic regulation of the market leads not only to neglect in the financial system to environmental and social issues, but also unfairly, i.e. without economic necessity, overstates profits in speculative areas of activity, not only due to its selection from the manufacturer / example of Ethiopian women working in coffee plantations /, but also a fictitious increase in the price of goods, and all this leads to an increase in the real commodity / capital in the credit system.
To limit the growth of speculative capital, and therefore profits, it is necessary that the super profits / more than 1% / received in this area are subject to a progressive tax so that from a certain rate of super profits to the commodity exchange customers, TSB, it would not be profitable to raise prices on goods., and the tax itself was directed to environmental measures for the transportation of this raw material. First of all, it means – a progressive tax on the transportation of oil and its products, gas and chemicals. And it is very important that these funds go not only to national / state /, but also intergovernmental measures and environmental expenditures. And for this it is necessary to create interethnic environmental forces.
This was very well shown by the catastrophe at the beginning of the 21st century of oil tanker off the coast of Europe, when there was not only someone to eliminate the catastrophe, but the culprit was also identified for more than 6 years. And in these cases, insurance companies are always trying to slip away from responsibility, since the damage and expenses from environmental disasters, even they are very heavy. In these cases, commodity exchanges should pay for the elimination of environmental disasters, and special and effective forces, i.e. In certain special accounts of TSB, funds should be collected from each transaction for environmental costs, which should be used to compensate expenses for environmental accidents and catastrophes and for international environmental projects for the delivery of goods to TSB.
Thus, international TSBs and their clients could, according to the results of at least a quarter, deduct according to certain standards a part of their clients’ profits, in advance, prior to the actual determination of profit, for the maintenance of services and measures to eliminate environmental accidents and disasters during oil transportation, up to synchronous tracking special security and emergency forces of large tankers or caravans with oil and its products, including for protection from pirates and in particular – from terrorists.
After all, having blown up a large tanker with oil off the coast of any country, it is possible to create a situation with a global environmental catastrophe. Therefore, it seems to the author that now it is necessary to introduce a norm in the rules of world trade and the WTO that any large tanker should be accompanied by a warship and special ecological and fire ships, pay them for it, especially in the event of an accident, and then high prices oil would have paid off, as it would have incurred certain costs and guarantees, and not the loss of oil and profits, as it is now.
Topics for scientific work (research) at the University.
In each LECTURE there are areas for scientific research (there is no limit to scientific research), but we will especially pay attention to the following:
– the ways of creating an international currency (selicium) based on the modern, insufficiently developed level of development of the CEE, and the ways of its global implementation,
– Ways of evolutionary reduction of the economic impact of global companies on IFES
– scientific and economic evolutionary measures to reduce the role of US oligarchs in the WORLD ECONOMY,
– scientific and economic events to reduce the role of the oligarchs of any country in the economy of that country,
– ways to enhance the impact of wage labor both on the IFES, and in the distribution of net production income,
– Ways to improve the efficiency of production capital both at the IFES and the economy of any country and region.