FACULTY of NEW WORLD ECONOMIC - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Most of the ideas and scientific developments (articles, monographs)

of the author of the lectures given in the lectures have been published

for more than 25 years, since 1986. on 2007 (see books author lectures).

The modern world economic system leads mankind to its death. Now there is practically no economic research on the contradictions of the market capitalist system, the main principle of which is to maximize profits by capital.

The global financial and economic crisis, which began in 2008, has not come to an end, although more than 10 years have passed: more and more poor people on Earth than 30 years earlier (more than half of humanity lives in poverty, and in inhuman conditions – about 2 billion people.

At the same time other revenues reach billions, hand-drawn doodles give millions, not knowing where to put their papers. The ugly world economy is now leading to a revolution and the death of humanity: the current world financial and economic system (IFES) is likely to enter the last, but deep and disastrous crisis for humanity since the early 30s. It must either radically change evolutionarily, as we will show in our lectures, or revolutionary, and this can lead to the death of mankind.

If you do not change the world economy, by the middle of the 21st century will begin irretrievable death of mankind, but rather the death of another, capitalist civilization, as in the past: the Sumerian, ancient Egyptian, ancient, feudal system.

And during this time, and for all history, didn’t give any Nobel prize for disclosure of contradictions of market capitalist system. So for 2018, they gave an award for the study of theimpact of climate change on the world market, but there is no award and even economic research of negative impact:

– influence of (negative) domination of the largest firms on the world market,

– the impact of the domination of the U.S. Federal reserve on the occurrence of

– the global financial crisis of 2008, which practically is still ongoing,

– the impact of Western capital on the economic stagnation or one

– sidedness of the economic system, in most countries in Africa, Asia and America,

and more.

We will try to consider all these omissions in our lectures at the Faculty of world economy.

In our lectures, we will present two theoretical studies: on wages in budgetary organizations and in what form of ownership excludes the

exploitation of an employee, which the author of the lecture was engaged in almost the entire adult life, namely from 1979 to the present day of the 21st century.

Basically, in our lectures we will consider (theoretically) economic regularities, as well as obvious existing contradictions of the world economy and ideas on how to eliminate them.

Lectures are made on the basis of scientific developments of the rector of IECPU and his scientific monographs and articles in scientific journals and popular scientific articles in periodicals for more than 25 years: from 1986 to 2018.

It is advisable to get acquainted with the lectures in the order indicated below.

Lecture number 1. The nature of the action of economic laws.

Lecture number 2. Society without exploitation and form of ownership.

Lecture number 3. The correct system of remuneration in state institutions and budget organizations.

Course lectures number 13 . The main mover of progress.

The course of lectures No.2 . Critical analysis of the “Capital” of K. Marx and the essence of economic categories in a superindustrial society.

-Lecture number 1. Product and its properties. Cost substanceand

consumer value.

– Lecture №2. Criticism of the theory of the transformation of the value of goods in the price of production.

– Lecture number 3. The influence of the ratio of demand and supply of goods on its price.

– Lecture number 4. Land Value and Land Rent.

– Lecture №5. Marginal cost (use-consuming) price theory.

– Lecture №6. Cost-energy essence of prices inindustrial society.

– Lecture №7. The process of materialization of labor in commodity production and the creation of surplus value and profits

– Lecture №8. Accumulation in commodity production

– Lecture No. 9. Analysis of Volume II of Capital. Expanded reproduction in an industrial society.

Lecture № 4. The functioning of the modern World financial and economic system (WFES).

Lecture number 5. Measures to reform the WFES and THEIR INSUFFICIENCY.

Course of Lectures number 17. Ways of normal functioning of the WFES.

LECTURE 1. Ways of reformation of the world FES

LECTURE 2. Creating a new world currency based on CEE is an ideal option for a well functioning WFES.

LECTURE 3. World money – as a sensor of the functioning of the WFES in a true and fair globalization.

LECTURE 4. The lack of freedom of movement of labor, small capital and small businesses is a strong brake on the normal functioning of the WFES in the contex

LECTURE 5. Restricted and regulated protectionism – the need for a transition to normal globalization.

LECTURE 6. Excessively high interest on deposits – a brake in the development of the WFES.

LECTURE 7. Limiting growth and regulating speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the WFES.

LECTURE No. 8. Limiting the growth and regulation of speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the WFES.

19. Economic methods to reduce bureaucracy and corruption in any country

Content

Introduction

1. General provisions and principles of remuneration in public institutions

2. Piecework-bonus pay (Pw-bP) budget –

collecting regulatory authorities.

3. Pw-bP of employees of monetary (paid) services of state institutions.

4. Pw-bP of other regulatory authorities.

5. Pw-bP of employees of ministries, courts, prosecutors and police.

6. Pw-Bp of departments controlling food quality.

7. Pw-bP in medicine, education and in some other budget organizations.

8. Remuneration in scientific, research institutions and institutions for the protection of intellectual labor and intellectual property.

9. A radical change in the remuneration of senior employees of federal and regional governments, ministries, committees, departments, departments, agencies, executive bodies, administrations, organizations and enterprises.

10. Legislative measures for the implementation of Pw-bP in budget organizations.

Conclusion

Сourse lectures 7. A brief history of mankind (in pictures).

Lecture 1. Brief history of Eurasia

Lecture 2. Aeneolithic (copper age)

Lecture 3.Cruel (class exploiting)period of the history of society

Lecture 4 Early antiquity. Bronze Age (II – III millennium BC)

Lecture 5 Ancient civilization.

Lecture 6 Steppes of Eurasia in the Middle Ages

Lecture 7. Eastern Slavs in the Middle Ages

Lecture 8. Other examples of natural economic laws in the history of society

Lecture 9. The development of mankind over the past 150 years

Lecture course № 3 World civilization: evolution or death?

Lecture 1 The action of the basic dialectic and economic laws and laws in modern society.

Lecture 2 Man-made impact on global climate change. Who is guilty of this and how to prevent it?

Lecture 3. The global financial and economic system: reformation or death?

Lecture 4 The measures taken by the leading countries of the world and their insufficiency in reforming the WFES.

Lecture 5. Other methods of improving harmony in world civilization

Lecture 6. The main activities necessary for a radical improvement of harmony in society.

Lecture 7. Ways of evolution of the 21st century.

View lecture courses in separate courses (files)

Lecture courses see in a paid file «COURSES of LECTURES IESU»

At the faculty it is advisable to get acquainted with the lectures in the order indicated above.

Lecture 1 The nature of the economic iaws (relations).

1. The evolving.

Those economic laws and laws that are constantly in force in the society (state) tend to change constantly objectively, and state laws are adopted not only intermittently, but also with delay. And even in most cases, objective laws are deliberately hampered by certain bodies, layers and individuals, which leads, as arule, at best, to a slowdown and a fall in the efficiency of the economic process, and in most cases, when contradictions become antagonistic – to crises, riots, an even – to revolutions.

Therefore, the constant change of state laws for the evolutionary action of laws is the most important factor in the harmonious development of society, state and civilization as a whole.

This we will show in the future (in Chapter 3) on the example of the crisis of the World financial and economic system in the early 21st century, which actually continues to this day, since in most countries its main causes have not been eliminated.

A) Causes of revolutions and revolutionism of society, masses and strata of society.

These reasons lie in the fact that there are antagonistic relations

in society, primarily between the level of development of productive forces and the nature of production relations.

This is clearly seen in the bourgeois (capitalist) revolutions that took place in England, France and Russia, when as a result of the development of industrial production, new classes appeared: the bourgeoisie and the working class, which were not allowed to govern society and, first of all, to adopt economic laws by the state.

Therefore, they came to power in most countries through revolutions.Therefore, the prevention of antagonistic contradictions between classes, strata, majority and minority of the population at this stage of development of our civilization is also an important factor not only in the evolutionary development of civilization, but also its essence.

And since the beginning of the 21st century antagonistic contradictions on Earth have become so strong that if they are not eliminated, then in 30-40 years will be a matter of life and death not only ours civilization, but humanity as a whole.

What will be discussed in more detail in the following.

B) the Conservatism of the masses – a sign of the stability of economic relations.

The right to strike of the masses, especially the working class, is undou btedly an achievement of modern society, but when the ruling circles use this and bring every time important decisions to the point of absurdity, and hence to strike, this right turns into a Scarecrow.

So it was when the ruling circles of France, and many other countries,

olved the problems of the financial crisis of 2008 at the expense of pensioners: where freezing the size of pensions, where deciding to raise the pension level, etc., etc. Raised strikes did not give the opportunity to carry out the wrong actions of the authorities, but not in all countries. So in Italy, after all,” solved ” the problems of banks at the expense of pensioners, increasing the pension qualification.

Thus, banks and bankers, who have billions, saved by providing them with public financial assistance, through the selection of money from pensioners, who, as a rule, even in Italy, maybe the most small business. What happened at this time in Eastern Europe, we will show in the 3rd Chapter.

But in a harmonious society this should not be and it says that in European society and States there are deep contradictions between the ruling circles and the people, because the most important laws are not consistent with the relevant layers and interests. This happened because there is a party, and therefore the monetary system of elections.

Party systems of elections have led to the fact that all parties began to Express the interests of those groups that sponsor them, i.e. – individual layers or even individuals, which is unacceptable in a civilized, especially harmonious society.

2. Patterns of economic progress.

A) law of expansion of production (law of expanded production)

It would be more correct to say “the pattern of expanded reproduction”, because there are normal cases when production can not expand, but to function effectively.

This law States that the higher the rate of production growth, the more effective it is. Efficiency lies in the fact that fall overhead and General expenses per unit of production.

Production can be expanded due to two factors: an increase in individual consumption or an increase in the number of consumers, i.e. the number of consumption agents. A classic example is the production of television sets, whose consumption is covered by both factors. Initially, the family had one electron-beam TV, but then, due to the reduction in price or income growth, was able to buy another, and even a few TVs. Then there’s a whole new generation, digital TVs,and the family starts buying new TVs.

At the same time, it is very wild to hear that with the decline in oil prices there is an economic collapse. On the contrary, the price of fuels and lubricants should fall with a decrease in oil prices. This means that the cost of transportation, and hence the cost of all goods and services, which should lead to an increase in consumption, means an increase in production and a decrease in the cost and cost of most goods, is reduced (should decrease). Thus, the cost of living is reduced and after it grows its quality, there is a pattern of improving the lives of citizens.

Modern world policy in the field of energy resources is carried out exactly the opposite. With the fall in oil prices, by increasing taxes on refined products, the prices of refined products do not fall and there are no changes in the economy for the better. And it is beneficial to the countries of oil refining and the relevant firms. This makes it possible for such States and firms to parasitize on this. If wereduce all these parasitic taxes at least twice, the prices of oil and oil products will fall by a third in the world, i.e., as a rule, the prices of oil and, especially for its refined products, are artificially inflated by half. And thus, the growth of production in most industries is delayed.

B) The law of increase (elevation) needs.

This law says that every year, every person, family, locality, society, state should improve (increase) their needs: as the dialectic says, “consumption of one level of need automatically increases the need to improve their quality and quantity”.

As a rule, this happens in normal economic and political conditions and societies. Therefore, the constant observance of this rule is the principle of functioning of a harmonious society. But, in fact, in all countries of our time, at least since 2088, this has not happened, and in most countries of the world since the 1990s.

С). The law of efficiency of average parameters.

According to this law (according to the author of this book), everything is average – it is stable and does not allow an imbalance to go with negative external influences. Therefore, the average person, (no matter where and by whom he works) is a stabilizing factor, both in society as a whole and

especially in economics. In practice, as a rule, it stands, should act as the support of medium and small businesses. But in practice this rule is poorly observed, including in Russia, for many reasons. Now we will not consider it, and we will consider later.

D). The pattern of obtaining maximum profit and its relationship with the average.

Everyone, an entrepreneur, investor, firm, enterprise, etc. always seeking maximum profit. But this does not mean that the entire economic system should be directed towards this.

What percentage of profits can be considered increased? As early as the 19th century, Marx showed that a normal profit can be considered a profit from 5 to 10%. The size of profits from 10 to 15% can be considered increased and it can only be very effective, usually advanced in technology or products. Karl Marx showed that PROFIT MORE THAN 15% can only be due to over-exploitation of wage labor or over-pricing in modern times with the help of various methods.

Therefore, the profit tax should be differentiated in these four categories: with 5% profit and less, the smallest tax should be, or in some industries the producer should be generally exempt from this tax; this tax, with 10-15% – an increased tax rate, and with profits greater than 15% – the tax rate should be MORE than 50%.

The same principle should be in the taxation of personal income (wages). Wages that do not exceed the average standard of living for 1.5 people should not be taxed. And to the salary, which is less than the subsistence level by 1.5 people, there should be a social allowance from the relevant social bodies.

Salary, which is significantly higher than the average subsistence level for the same 1.5 people, may be taxed, but not lowering this level to below the average subsistence level of the same people. All other income can be considered super high and can be taxed at elevated rates. Only such a principle can be considered acceptable for a civilized society.

Lecture 2

Society without exploitation and form of ownership

Speaking about a society that is fundamentally different from the capitalist one, we must first of all decide: how does it differ in the forms of ownership from capitalism, i.e. from a society in which capital is the main type of accumulation of free material and financial resources and reproduction of the economic process? And already on the basis of this: what should be the main form of ownership in society, which we conventionally call as a socialist, i.e. non – capitalist, society without exploitation, and therefore-this is a civilized society?

In this case, we myvideos 5 types (or stages) of economic process: production process, distribution, conversion process, consumption process and the process of reproduction, i.e. the movement of the object of ownership is the five basic cycles of the overall process of production and reproduction in the economic process.

Of course, we do not have the opportunity to analyze all these five cycles and compare their course with each other in terms of ownership for the capitalist and non-capitalist modes of production, but we will try to do it for the main objects of property: for the means of production and capital, as a special form of means of production, which is the main agent of the owner in the process of circulation and reproduction of property.

The form of ownership is defined and characterized by three essential features: use, disposal and possession. Ideally, there should be: what form of use, form of distribution and form of ownership, this should be the form of ownership. If this is not the case, then there are contradictions between the signs that need to be resolved. Change each of the signs unchanged in the other two there is a change and form of ownership.

Therefore, if we assume that there are only two main forms of manifestation of signs of ownership: private and public (state), the combination of signs of ownership, and hence forms of ownership, will be six.

If the signs of ownership are characterized by three forms, for example, more collective, their combinations, and hence forms of ownership, can be about two dozen. Let us consider briefly the characteristics of the main forms of ownership.

Private property in the classical style is a private (individual, family) form of use of property in the economic process and primarily in production: private disposal of it, both in the process of use and in the process of circulation and, finally, it is private ownership. An example of such a classical form of ownership is the property of a craftsman, a family Bank, a family or individual outlet, a farmer, etc.with personal means of production and without hired labor, when all income is managed by one person or family.

Collective property is a collective form of use of property, for example, in a fishing cooperative in the process of fishing, more complex collective labor – in a Metalworking plant, where there is a very narrow specialization of labor.

In such a collective form of use of property, there should be a collective disposal of property (by the Assembly or Council, elected by the Assembly) and collective ownership of property on means of production and products of labor (without employees) in the form of bonds, it shares.e. collective ownership of property

For classical collective property is characterized by property that is indivisible, ie, when dismissed from the collective former member of the collective does not receive its average share of the conditional collective property, and wages and profit distribution is carried out according to pre-approved collective norms or the decision of the General meeting of the collective, depending on the amount of wages. The latter was used, at one time, in some socialist countries in the form of a premium from profit.

Free funds allocated to the development of production in such collective enterprises are in the form of collective capital, and dividends from such capital are distributed in proportion to wages and are only of an employment nature.

But collective property can also be divisible, i.e., upon dismissal, any member of the collective receives its share of collective property, determined and accrued in one way or another on the means of production, and the income of members of collective property is obtained: both from the use of equipment and from the use of labor. But INCOME FROM ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES of the ENTERPRISE are distributed only among the owners of COLLECTIVE property IN the FORM of awards from the profit davidstow from stock income from the use of hired labor in such an enterprise is assigned by the owner, even if he is not a member of the collective and does not invest his labor to generate income. Thus, the results of someone else’s labor are appropriated, and such capital is non-labor, exploitative in nature.

But the labour, and therefore wages, is also capital and, ideally, profits should be accrued to pay on production capital and living labour, including hired labour: in the form of bonuses from profits to wages, or the classification of investments in the production return to capital and wages. Such an enterprise will not exploit even hired labour, and such an enterprise can be considered ideal from the point of view of the economic interests of all participants in the economic process.

Ideally, the initial working capital is the materialized past work of the owner of the capital or a relative of the transferor of the capital, so the use of classical capital gives both labor (past labor) and non-labor income (if not working in this joint-stock company).

In shares of its own (collective) enterprises should also be included the revenue and the use of labor, i.e. the employment dividend with the difference that the capitalist owners of the shares are assigned, all or part of income (surplus value) of the invested enterprises labor of other people, without shares or having much smaller shares. This is the essence of modern capitalist appropriation and exploitation of labor.

Thus, joint-stock company of the closed type (joint-stock) without the sale of the stock to members of labor collective with the collective indivisible and divisible property are the most perfect and civilized enterprises and by their nature sharply differs from the joint stock companies purely capitalist direction, although these and other capital used as the basis of the collection of available funds on the funding

production to generate income from capital.

Classical pure public (this is state or national) property predetermines public ownership in the face of state elected bodies, and public use, i.e., objects of property can be used by any collectives of society, and public order, which is carried out not by individuals or collectives, but by bodies representing society.

Signs of any form of ownership have, are in one way or another more legal or economic, or psychological. So, from the legal point of view, the most important is the sign that determines who the owner of the property, i.e. ownership: it is from a legal point of view is decisive in determining the form of ownership.

On the economic side, the defining feature of the form of ownership is the form of use of property; so the form of use determines the relations that arise in the production process or at other stages of the economic process.

From the psychological point of view, i.e. from the point of view of definition of relationship between people, their relation to each other and society as a whole, the form of the order of property is prevailing.

In practice, most often all these signs come into conflict with each other, and sometimes – in antagonistic. This is the power of the movement of property, the resolution of its contradictions, the evolutionary or revolutionary development of forms of property: from simpler to more complex.

In order to try to determine what form of ownership should be in a society without antagonistic contradiction within the property itself, in production or in other economic relations, so that there is no capitalist (non-labor) appropriation of the results of labor, let us consider the main form of ownership now under capitalism and its internal contradiction and the trend of its development.

Property, for example, in a developed capitalist market country like the United States, is divided into approximately the following components: joint – stock ownership is 60% of all objects of property (of all, capital), cooperative – 15% and private, in its classical form (without hired labor or with limited hired labor) – 10%. These are primarily family farms, small repair shops and services, small commercial enterprises, although there are large private enterprises, but, naturally, with great hired labor.

In an open or even closed joint-stock company in which the majority of shares do not belong to the production team and there are many employees who do not have these shares, the form of ownership is private, and the form of use is collective, the form of disposal is private – collective, i.e. the joint – stock property is private-collective in nature:

Financial and productive capital hires labor, i.e. acquires essentially labor-owned property, and then appropriates part of the income from labor capital, not to mention income derived from sales of products at prices higher than the market average. In the latter case, part of the income from the labor or capital of the consumer is assigned.

In modern society, production is basically commodity, i.e. most of the products of labor are sold and not consumed by the manufacturer.

Goods, as a rule, are the product of the collective labor of an enterprise, a company, a joint-stock company, a cooperative, etc.

Assigning the same results of collective labor is a difficult way, but in the end it is carried out depending on the invested private labor and capital. The latter is the product of materialized, frozen, past labor.

Thus, the main contradiction, which is at the same time the main driving force of the capitalist mode of production, is the contradiction between the collective nature of production or the use of capital and the private form of appropriating the results of collective labor, the products of labor.

The dialectical course of its resolution leads to more and more collective, and even social, forms of appropriating the results of collective labor, i.e. the dialectic of non-antagonistic elimination of contradiction should lead to more and more social forms of appropriation, contradictions should lead to an increasingly collective degree of ownership of property, an increasingly collective degree of disposal of objects of ownership, i.e. to more and more collective forms of ownership of the means of production, labor and capital, since production goes towards more and more collective forms.

It is obvious that a non-exploiting and civilized society, we will call a society in which there is no mass appropriation of part or all of the income from living labor (usually hired labor) as a separate relatively small part of this society.

And this is possible if there is no capital in the economic system at all. But in the near foreseeable future, commodity production will remain, and since commodity production presupposes the isolation (according to commodity producers) of production and financial capital, in the foreseeable future capital will remain in the economic system, which means completely eliminate exploitation while preserving commodity production, market system and free enterprise impossible. It is possible only to limit the limits of the influence of capital, to limit the growth of its concentration, to reduce wage labor to a minimum.

The last two or three hundred years (now and, I think, in the future, not less than two hundred years), production is, firstly, of a commodity nature, and secondly, of a collective nature, i.e. The main unit of production is an enterprise, a labor collective, although huge conglomerates are created from production collectives or joint-stock vertical dependence, which was mentioned earlier.

Thus, the use of property objects is collective in nature, the disposal of property also has collective features in many respects: the company’s board, board of directors, shareholders meeting, etc., which means that in order to avoid contradiction within the property itself, so that the ownership was collective, i.e. that the form of ownership was more collective.

At the same time, as we noted earlier, property can be an indivisible collective one, when property objects belong to the collective as a whole, and when leaving, a member of the collective cannot take “his share” of collective property. The income at such an enterprise from joint activities is divided (and distributed) into production, social and personal and everything is determined by the team itself, and the latter, as a rule, depending on the quantity and quality of work according to standards and rates determined by the team itself.

The head of such an enterprise is elected (MUST SHOULD BE ELECTED) by direct secret voting of all members of the team, and the heads and specialists of structural divisions – by the teams of the relevant divisions.

In such an enterprise, no employee can be employed without a Council, i.e. labor collective, i.e. the collective nature of ownership requires an adequate degree of democracy.

But collective ownership can be divisible. It can be obtained as a result of accounting for the share of annual financial investments of enterprises (firms) that go to the development of production, i.e. for the acquisition of property objects for each member of the team, in proportion to the wages for the same period, accounting for existing properties already purchased, in proportion to the total and company experience, and the distribution of accumulated depreciation deductions to the same accounts of each member of the team, i.e. the principle is observed: whoever earned how much property, he received so much.

Such property is already possible to get each member of the team, but only with the dismissal. Divisible collective ownership may be non-equity (accounting, accounting) and joint-stock, when shares are issued for the entire property and for the increase in ownership and each member receives his share of shares and the corresponding dividends.

Thus, with this form of ownership, the main contradiction in the modern capitalist system is eliminated: the contradiction between the collective nature of production and the private form of ownership, and hence the appropriation.

This contradiction is replaced by a different, but less antagonistic one: the contradiction between the collective nature of production and partly private, with shared collective ownership or, in part, the individual form of appropriating part of the products or other results of labor, if the enterprise has wage labor.

And, in this way, the exploitative, unearned nature of appropriation is eliminated. And the contradiction within collective ownership should objectively lead to further improvement of the distribution, i.e. improvement of estimates of the quantity and quality of labor invested within the team by each of its members.

An economic system based on collective ownership continues and uses the advanced aspects of the developed capitalist market systems: it fits perfectly into the universal market and commodity production; only labor power is not a commodity in it (it is both labor and master). This system also uses capital as a means of collecting free financial resources to invest in the most profitable industries.

The efficiency of collective ownership in production will not be due to the receipt and appropriation by owners of private capital of super profits (the maximum possible profit), but due to the combination in one person or persons and the manufacturer, i.e. the engine of the means of production, and the owner. This principle of combination is also laid in farms and therefore they still remain an effective form of farming, i.e. as in the case of collective property, the property belongs to the one or those who set them in motion.

The presence of effective collective ownership even in such developed capitalist countries as the United States, in an amount approximately equal to the size of a small country, and its high efficiency where private or equity capital did not have an effect (mainly in heavy mining and processing industries: mines , plants for the primary processing of raw materials and materials, metallurgical enterprises, etc.), shows a great prospect of collective ownership. In essence, this is the maturing of new economic relations within the framework of the old commodity-capitalist, that is, it is an evolutionary path of development of the modern economic market system.

Mass was collective property in countries such as Yugoslavia, Hungary. Sweden, which has shown not only its capacity on a national scale, but also high efficiency at certain stages of development, internationally.

Eliminating the main economic misunderstandings inherent in exploitative capital, collective property and labor capital at the same time have the opportunity to freely and effectively connect with other forms of ownership, and labor capital through the transition from a closed joint-stock company (with shareholders only from the labor collective) or from a self-governing collective associated enterprise to a joint-stock company of open and semi-open type, freely contributes to the transition from indivisible or divisible collective property- to any other forms of ownership: to private – by selling bankrupt enterprises, to cooperative-by attracting entrance share contributions, to joint-stock-by issuing shares to existing property or additional capital.

At the same time, enterprises of any form of ownership may, if necessary, become self-governing collective enterprises. Most easily this can be done for the public enterprises by legislative act to a collective and subsequent capitalization of the ownership of the principle: who is how many years have you worked the wages were, and so he has shares in collective ownership.

For example, any start-up cooperative enterprise may adopt such a Charter or amend its Charter to take the form of a net self-governing collective enterprise with divisible collective property. And the numerical growth of any cooperative, with the introduction of a strict rule of limitation of wage labor, in fact, will force them to move to a collective form of ownership. And any cooperative, if not based only on the family principle, i.e. work and are members of the cooperative and not members of the family, is the first most simple form of collective ownership.

Thus, at this stage, the simplest and most effective way of denationalization of public property is the transfer of the majority of state enterprises to the indivisible collective property of the labor collective, followed by (at the request of the collective) personalization of the share of collective property by members of the collective, and then – by shareholders or shareholders.

Such a scheme of denationalization has undeniable advantages over any other.

Faculty of Economics Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, privatization, or more precisely privatization, was proceeding and is now also being carried out incorrectly. True, in Russia in this way several dozen medium-sized enterprises were privatized, but such privatization was done (carried out) by the dominant bureaucracy in such a way that many enterprises could not switch to this form of privatization, and those enterprises that nevertheless switched to collective form of ownership, had great difficulties in its formation and most of them went bankrupt.

But from the very beginning it was necessary to transfer the most part of medium-sized enterprises and firms to the collective ownership of the enterprise’s collective with the creation of a closed joint-stock company (CJSC) and if this CJSC would show good results for a certain period of time, then it would be possible to create joint-stock companies. At the same time, it would be possible to do this with a ransom or with a partial ransom of the former state property. This is especially true of commercial enterprises and the service sector.

AND ARE ABOVE THE COLLECTION

In the West, there is a tendency towards collective ownership through the purchase of a portion of shares by its workers. But she essentially gave nothing for two reasons.

The first. A large concentration of capital among a handful of owners did not allow the influence of collective actions on the decisions of major issues.

The increasing consolidation of capital on an international scale did not allow the production team to influence the economic policy of its conglomerate and even its enterprise.

The largest international firms, or rather corporations, having hundreds of enterprises in dozens of countries, did not give any opportunity to each production team, which has even the majority of shares of its enterprise, to influence the solution of issues even of its enterprise, since they were negligible in the scale of the conglomerate. And even if decisions were made to close it, the voice of the enterprise’s employees was negligible compared to the giant.

What should be done now to correct this deformity, the author will try to show in Chapter 3 “The global financial and economic system: reformation or death?” necessity, before nationalization, as did the government of Russia with Sibneft’s subsidiary BP in Russia, which the state bought at a good price for both parties, in which the state had a controlling stake.

Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, denationalization went and now also goes wrong.

Gorbachev’s main mistake was that it was necessary first to collectivize state property, and then create cooperatives. Since the newly created cooperatives basically merged with state property through bureaucracy and for its benefit.

Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, privatization, and more precisely denationalisation, went and now is also being conducted incorrectly. True, in Russia in this way several dozen medium-sized enterprises were privatized, but such privatization was done (carried out) by the dominant bureaucracy in such a way that many enterprises could not switch to this form of privatization, and those enterprises that nevertheless switched to collective form of ownership, had great difficulties in its formation and most of them went bankrupt.

AND ARE ABOVE THE COLLECTION

In the West, there is a tendency towards collective ownership through the purchase of a portion of shares by its workers. But she essentially gave nothing for two reasons.

The first. A large concentration of capital among a handful of owners did not allow the influence of collective actions on the decisions of major issues.

The increasing consolidation of capital on an international scale did not allow the production team to influence the economic policy of its conglomerate and even its enterprise.

Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, denationalization went and now also goes wrong.

It was correctly done that the institute of enterprise councils was introduced. Only it had to be done, as in its time in Yugoslavia and in Sweden, i.e. The enterprise council should consist only of workers and ordinary engineers, etc., i.e. it should not have included executives of the enterprise, who depend on the management of the enterprise, and the leadership itself – from the ministry.

And the main functions of such a Council would be the appointment of the election of the head (s) of the enterprise and the decision on early elections.

After that, it was necessary to carry out the privatization of the property of a part of medium-sized enterprises, leaving the most economically strong and weak enterprises in state ownership. The first enterprises in order to have revenues to the budget that can be directed to help backward enterprises and ONLY THEN CONDUCT A COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT.

Of course, it would be very difficult to hold, but it was the only chance to move from a total state centralized state to a harmonious society. The chance was missed, but it can still be done in Belarus, where most of the enterprises are still state enterprises.

Such republics as the Baltic states, Moldova, the republics of the Transcaucasus, did not have to be taken either to the Soviet Union, much less to the royal RUSSIA. And then by 1991, the Eurasian Union could have been created, and so on. 25 YEARS EARLY and most importantly – with Ukraine.

And HERE the law of development would manifest itself in a spiral, but in a softer and more efficient form, and these states would not have been faced with the world capitalist financial and economic system that is now collapsing.

Unfortunately, China has gone the wrong way. But he can still, a little fix things, since he still has many state-owned enterprises that can be transferred to collective ownership. If he does not do this, then in the 1920s the fate of the United States, the European Union and the USSR will overtake him, i.e. the global economic crisis, of which there will already be even harder to get out.

Before that, there were two reasons in China, due to which foreign capital surged into China. The first is a very low minimum wage, $ 5, which, compared with $ 1,000 in developed countries, made the goods very cheap.

And second: for a dozen years there was no income tax, and a large export tax was set, compared to most other countries. Coupled with income tax on wages – this gave huge funds to the state budget. But as already noted, China has not yet lost the opportunity to take the path of building a harmonious society.

Why was collective property crushed, both in Russia and in other countries of the former USSR? Because, there will be no personal interests of the bureaucratic apparatus: they will not give bribes, just like that, relatives will not be accepted for work. Secondly, no one can contribute private capital more than collective capital, and thirdly, such an enterprise is very independent of the bureaucracy and foreign capital.

AND NOW IN ANY COUNTRY OF THE WORLD it is POSSIBLE to stimulate the creation of enterprises with collective property through tax policies: reducing the income tax of a collective enterprise in comparison with other types of enterprises. The same policy must be carried out in Russia. In addition, it is necessary to transfer the bankrupt enterprises, in Russia it is mostly private or joint-stock companies, into collective ownership, and confiscate all personal and productive capital and real estate of the managers and owners of the BANKRUPT ENTERPRISE, up to the third generation: direct generation (father, mother, son , daughter) – without a trial, i.e. by the first trial, by the second generation (grandfather, grandson) – by a special trial, and the third generation) – in case of urgent need and only after a court decision.

But the most important thing is not to fine and withdraw funds from the enterprise, but to transfer the enterprise to collective or state ownership (with the gradual repayment of the debt) WITH MIXED FORMS OF PROPERTY.

But the main problem in Russia is the merger of bureaucratic, oligarchic and business structures. Virtually every governor, mayor, chairmen of district, regional, republican Councils or Doom, Governments and their deputies, and MINISTERS are both businessmen, use their position in this to the maximum (passive corruption) and all THEIR firms are registered on nominees noted above . To get rid of this, it is necessary, as the wound was proposed, to transfer the controlling authorities to OTHER remuneration and centralization, i.e. subordination only to his superior body, not local authority. Moreover, for tax evasion, bribery, corruption, etc., not to imprison, but to confiscate property and money, and to transfer production property to collective ownership.

Of course, a joint stock company can be considered almost collective property, if not:

– the presence of a controlling stake,

– absence of enterprise councils,

– the lack of rights of hired labor.

Therefore, the share ownership at this stage we refer to private, not collective property. How it can become a collective one will be additionally shown in the next chapter.

Thus, having missed the opportunity to create harmonious societies during perestroika in the USSR, humanity and the current civilization are at a standstill. How to get out of this impasse, we will try to show in the following chapters.

Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, privatization, or rather the privatization of public property, went and now is also being held, is fundamentally wrong: first, the state should try its best to create a collective enterprise, as a last resort , CJSC, and then conduct private privatization.

A concrete example of a wrong decision is the creation of an All-Russian and only enterprise for the production and export of aluminum, Rusal. Yes, foreign firms in this area, and not only in this area, are very large and this step seems to be justified, otherwise it would be impossible to compete with them in the world market.

But it could be done in another way: leaving at least three firms in Russia independent for internal competition, and creating a joint export firm from the capitals of all these three firms.

Moreover, some of these contributions, for example in Russia, must go to the federal budget, some to the territorial bodies, and the rest to the authorities that carried out the check and at least half of the last part should go to the direct additional payment directly to the performers. Of course, in all cases, the violator should have the right to challenge in court and until the court decision can not take his money, ESPECIALLY FINAL COUNTERS.

The Customs Service has THREE well-known FEATURES: DO NOT MISS THE CONTROL GUN, INCLUDING AND DRUGS, ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SAFETY AND AS QUICKLY AND OPERATIVELY MAINTAIN THE APPLICATION. It should be noted that in addition to the second, with other functions in the countries of Eastern Europe, including in Russia, the customs service is doing poorly. And the fault of all is the independence of their work remuneration from the results of their work. Therefore, the customs of these countries are always undeserved queues and serviced by passing very slowly. To improve the work of customs, the salary of customs officers should depend on the number of serviced cars and customers, and for each detection of smuggling or improperly executed documents – an additional substantial premium, as well as a reduction in the premium for each smuggling inside the country after the representation of other regulatory bodies or the trial of smugglers.

Lecture number 3

The correct system of remuneration of state bodies (budget organizations)*

Bribery, embezzlement, dispersal and inefficiency of many state and local funds completely paralyzed the progressive process, especially in the former republics of the USSR and the Socialist. Registrar. Yes, and astronomical, more than 15 trillion. dollars, the national debt of the US government, also says that in all countries there are global antagonistic processes.

Global commodity production requires remuneration of its participants. And wages in commodity production should depend on the quantity and quality of labor. The amount of labor is determined by the hours of work or the number of generation (production norms). PAYMENT OF SUCH LABOR (in commodity production) IS DETERMINED BY A FRIENDLY PREMIUM FORM OF LABOR PAYMENT. The same form must be entered when paying for state employees.

In addition to direct elections by the relevant voters, all state bodies should receive

piecework-bonus payment to the existing rates and salaries. It makes no sense to raise salaries out of touch with the results of work. This is especially true of the regulatory authorities associated with funds coming into the budget.

So, if the controlling authorities, for example, the tax service, returned hidden taxes to the treasury, then a fine can be transferred (left at the disposal of the tax service) to its account for its own use, including for additional pay (wages) performers from regulatory agencies.

________________

*-for more details for Russia, see the author’s monograph “How to destroy bureaucracy and

corruption in Russia (about the need for a new system of labor in the state organizations

of the Russian Federation)”

Of course, in all cases, the violator should have the right to challenge in court and until thecourt decision can not take his money, ESPECIALLY FINAL COUNTERS.

The Customs Service has THREE well-known FEATURES: DO NOT MISS THE CONTROL GUN, INCLUDING AND DRUGS, ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SAFETY AND AS QUICKLY AND OPERATIVELY MAINTAIN THE APPLICATION. It should be noted that in addition to the second, with other functions in the countries of Eastern Europe, including in Russia, the customs service is doing poorly. And the fault of all is the independence of their work remuneration from the results of their work. Therefore, the customs of these countries are always undeserved queues and serviced by passing very slowly. To improve the work of customs, the salary of customs officers should depend on the number of serviced cars and customers, and for each detection of smuggling or incorrectly executed documents – an additional substantial premium, as well as a reduction in the premium for each smuggling inside the country after the representation of other regulatory bodies or the trial of smugglers.

But Customs has another important function: to identify the true price, as ifboth imported and exported goods, since duties and VAT on them depend on it. Now the majority of import prices are lowered, then customs duty and VAT will be lowered, and even smuggling goods, which makes it possible to trade without documents, and therefore without paying subsequent taxes to the budget. Obviously, there should be a premium payment for each case of detection of a low export-import price. Now this premium comes in the form of a bribe of about 35% percent of the hidden value, but then the goods go to the shadow economy, business does not pay further taxes, and the state budget does not receive them. Isn’t it better to do the opposite: the state pays these thirty-five percent to customs, but it sharply reduces the shadow economy and increases payments to the budget.

Those bodies that deal with payment (money reception): immigration services, BTI, housing ZhEKI (management firms), etc., must also have a wage link with the money received and then there will be no queues, no bribery, no fake firms, no fake certificates, no intermediate parasitic firms.

And so all authorities should work and be paid: from local to federal authorities. And then corruption, etc. will disappear or become minimal, and taxes (budget revenues) in any country will increase by very high numbers, in some countries up to 50%. In addition, the chairmen of housing offices (management companies) must be elected by the relevant population, and then corruption in them will practically disappear.

Strict and widespread confiscation of illegally acquired property, and not prison, for all financial irregularities should be introduced. For this, it should be carried out (by the special services at the BTI) to check and clarify the actual value of all real estate in the country,

For this, the special services at the BTI should be checked and clarified the actual value of all real estate in the country, with a premium payment to these services in% of the adjusted (additionally increased) cost, on account of the premium payment to these services: BTI, FTS, TNS and others.

The radical restructuring must go through and the courts. Firstly, it is necessary to introduce and conduct direct elections by the population of the Chairmen of the Courts in each district court, first by 3, then by 5, and then by 8 years, which should receive a salary 10 times more than the average now.

And also to introduce simple judges a premium payment upon returning state funds, as well as the funds of the plaintiff.

In tion, it is necessary to separate (release) the procurator from the part of the work, they should deal only with public funds and the affairs and affairs of minors and represent them in the courts.

The rest of the cases in the courts should be submitted by the investigating authorities and receive a premium payment, as in the above mentioned bodies. Such a comprehensive system of piecework-premium payment of government agencies will reduce all adverse events to a minimum, and replenish the state budget by 2-3 times more than now, will increase the efficiency of public investment in the economy, especially it is important for tax, customs, sanitary-epidemiological, fire, labor inspection and services.

All these services should work according to the principle: “not to punish, but to help to work correctly”. To do this, their checks should go sequentially according to this scheme:

– at the first check, to indicate all shortcomings, and if they are not indicated at the first check, then the first principle is applied during the second check,

– at repeated check the penalty at a rate of 50% from the stipulated size is imposed by the legislation,

– after the third check – the uncorrected defect is penalized in full, with all subsequent ones – twice or more.

Many government services charge for certain services. Therefore, their wages should be only piecework-bonus:

– to each performer the salary should be charged from the amount of the received money (working out the salary),

– and in case of overfulfilment of the money receipt plan – a certain bonus,

– to heads, at performance of the plan – bonus certain in advance.

At the same time, an important point for democratization (which is not currently available in most countries, including Russia), the accrual of fines by the supervising bodies, should be the possibility of any bodies, especially economic agents, protest in court the decisions of these bodies and withdrawing from the finance accounts only after court.

Many services (not directly related to money) can be transferred to the SPOT according to the plan for performing receptions (people, receipts, documents, etc., etc., etc., etc.) and, when executing the plan, issue bonuses from the service fund.

Piece-bonus wages (SPOT) of public sector workers can practically be implemented in any department, subdivision of state institutions and even in joint state-private enterprises, etc. and the like. And this will lead to:

– to a drastic reduction of the shadow economy, if the labor inspectorate, registration and customs services are transferred to STR,

– to a sharp increase in the revenue part of the budget, if you add to the previous tax inspection,

– to increase investments several times, if the police services, territorial governments and anti-corruption bodies are transferred to the ACT.

On the latter services, you need to stop in more detail. As some recent inspections (2015-2016) of the last services show, only the workers of these services have at least one trillion rubles in the whole of the Russian Federation who, instead of working on the economy, lie without moving in the rails, let alone about their relatives. But, since this money is illegal, they cannot freely enter the economy in the form of inves ments, and this is the most negative phenomenon in the economy under the conditions of a bureaucratic system.

If the same money all these civil servants earn in the form of piece-bonus payments, then the economy of any country, especially Russia, will greatly increase and Russia will become a truly global economic power.

. The bonus payment system currently used at state-owned enterprises in the specific economy of the Russian Federation is not only not perfect, but also absolutely bureaucratic, as it is necessary:

– legislatively (adopted by decree of the government of the country) clearly define the accrual mechanism and economic indicators for this,

– reward the entire management of the economic agent (enterprises, associations, state and mixed firms, etc. to the most primary units, as well as enterprise specialists (including workers) who contributed to the achievement of economic indicators,

– to approve the bonus fund at the general meeting of the collective or on the enterprise’s Council, if there is such an elected body,

– to include in it (FUND OF PRIZE) employees of state structures who have made a certain contribution to good indicators of a state enterprise (OR – GIVEN IT TO THE FUND FOR PREMIUMING OF GOVERNMENTAL GOVERNING BODIES).

As a SPECIFIC EXAMPLE, one can also take a piece-rate bonus payment to combat violators of road rules in the CIS. Due to the ineffectiveness of the struggle, almost all CIS countries, including Russia, are increasing penalties for violating traffic rules (focusing on heavy fines in Western countries, but forgetting that wages in the CIS countries are 10-15 times less than there), but there is still no result in any CIS country, because too high fines are, on the contrary, an incentive for bribery: instead of 1000 rubles,

it is advantageous for the violator to pay a bribe of 200 rubles, and a policeman instead of a protocol for a fine in favor the state is more profitable it is not s and to earn.Especially important in any state is control over the quality of food. This control is exercised (must be exercised) by many public services:

– we have already decided on customs officers and sanitary control when importing them at the border and on the payment of these civil servants, since these modern services let in a lot of food without paying taxes and half the shadow economy of any country rests on this: in Russia it is ethyl alcohol, sugar and much more,

– the sanitary epidemic of the plant for the production inside the country, which, as a rule, controls after some kind of epidemic, and the daily (in batches) control is formal, because they are not interested in this,

– Departments (management) for food quality control.

The last control is especially weak and especially important in food production, because every line and batch must be controlled. At the same time it is very important to control the composition of food products and its conformity on accompanying documents and packages. The latter, practically in no CIS country, incl. and in Russia, it is not controlled, and even more so, the correctness of the data on the packaging is not controlled and everything is given to the producers’ conscience, and the manufacturers do not and cannot have a conscience, since they have only one thing – profit.

To improve the control, a special service is needed at some department, which still n with state institutions of nutrition and quality control, which should monitor not only the quality of production, but also transportation, storage and sale. The last three phases are practically not control led in any CIS country. The implementation is still somehow controlled by the consumer himself or the media, mainly television, and, as a rule, after the fact of implementation, not before that.

The state services available in all CIS countries, the so-called “Cosnadzor” (State supervision), including “Rospotrebnadzor” (Consumer Supervision of Russia), are practically inactive, since their salary does not depend on their quantity and the quality of their work, and they are only engaged in bribery. At best, and only after repeated complaints, they can check out some stores, but retail stores, especially wholesale, they rarely check, and only the return stores receive for not checking or hiding bad, and sometimes criminal quality. Therefore, they can be called not “Consumer supervision”, including the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Surveillance, but “CONSUMPTION”.

THEY SHOULD CONDUCT PERMANENT CONTROL in the agricultural production, in the warehouses for the storage of these products (bases, sorting bases, etc.), in the processing industry and in food production enterprises. But this is not.

And, IF THEY WERE RECEIVED PRIZES AND WAGES FROM EACH STRATCH, THEN THEIR WORK WOULD BE CHANGED IN THE NATURAL IMAGE and then they would earn not for harboring poor quality, but vice versa.

Practically no one controls the sale of goods with an expired shelf life or the change (knocking over) of the production and shelf life. AND THIS IS ALREADY A CLEAN CRIMINAL CASE, and they should be dealt with, except for all the above services and the police. But name at least one example, so that a client from the CIS countries would call the police about this, would she come and arrest the goods and the culprit? Of course not. And all this is because the former know that the police will not come, and the latter do not come, because although there is a threat to health, and perhaps a person’s life, the police do not pay for it.

But if a part of the penalty for the violation leading to a threat to health or, even more, to a person’s life, would go to the payroll police, the police would come on such calls and penalize violators, not to mention food quality controllers, if 30 % of the fine was for premium payment. It is very important to allow (legalize) the official arrival of various gifts, gifts, thanksgiving, etc. in all government structures, incl. and in medicine, school, orphanages, kindergartens, etc., and officially pay 10-20% of those who received material assistance. Everything should be legalized.

After all, the permissible amount of harmful substances in potatoes can be found even in the field (as in any other agricultural crop) and issue passports and regulate their use (prohibit use in the food industry or use only for fattening cattle) already in the field, and even better – in the ground during crop growth, determining the maximum amount of pesticides, herbicides and non-natural (chemically artificial) fertilizers in it. Has “ Rosselkhoznadzor” or any agricultural supervision in the CIS made it at least once? It seems that – no, and this is significant.

Acceptable and Invalid

And if the police were paid 20% of this fine, he would earn the same money, the state (budget) would get a little less, and the offender would know about the inevitability of punishment. In the past five years it has become fashionable in the CIS countries, incl. and in the Russian Federation, COMBATING AGAINST SMOKING, BUT IT DOES NOT GIVE EFFICIENCY, and will not, since no one is interested in its implementation:

– the police because they do not pay for it,

– managers of coffee, etc., because it requires additional costs, but there is no benefit, there are even losses from a decrease in attendance,

– smokers practically cannot be smoked anywhere: neither at home, nor on the balcony, nor on the street,

nor in the park, nor on the sidewalk, nor in public places, only in special places or under the bridge.

To improve this event, in addition to the piece-bonus payment for the police, it is necessary:

– to allow smoking on the sidewalks, a few meters from the entrances, stops and special sites at all ends of the parks,

– allow the heads of public places (catering, transport, recreation, etc.) to fine violators themselves, and also with 30% assignment of the fine value.

And in case of refusal to pay the fine, it is necessary to call the police with an increase in the two tariffs of the fine and the official division of the 30% fine between the police and the enterprise.

t is very important to allow (legalize) the official arrival of various gifts, gifts, thanksgiving, etc. in all government structures, incl. and in medicine, school, orphanages, kindergartens, etc., and officially pay 10-20% of those who received material assistance. Everything should be legalized.

Especially important is the quality control of food products, especially food, in primary production: agricultural (in fruits, vegetables, pods, etc.) and processing industry (flour, milk, butter, etc.), which is practically not carried out in any country in the world. After all, the permissible amount of harmful substances in potatoes can be found even in the field (as in any other agricultural crop) and issue passports and regulate their use (prohibit use in the food industry or use only for fattening cattle) already in the field, and even better – in the ground during crop growth, determining the maximum amount of pesticides, herbicides and non-natural (chemically artificial) fertilizers in it. Has “Rosselkhoznadzor” or any agricultural supervision in the CIS made it at least once? It seems that – no, and this is significant.

The permissible and unacceptable content of harmful substances in particleboard and other plates and materials can be found even at the woodworking plant. So why are they released outside the enterprise and, moreover, the content of harmful substances in the documents for each batch leaving the plant or furniture factory is not indicated? There is only one answer: only because no one is paid for this work. But, if someone is paid big salaries, then they should be piece-rate bonuses and punishable (reduced) for poor work.

Ethyl alcohol, coconut oil and PALM oil, etc. are brought from abroad, etc. and should be clearly indicated when this is their parameters and the inscription: is it a food or technical product? AND IT IS NECESSARY TO FOLLOW THIS ALL OVER THE ROAD OF TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE, and now in most of the CIS countries, EVEN THE CONTROLLING ORGANS DON’T KNOW THAT THERE IS A FUEL TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD OIL, and from what oil products come from in countries, they do not come from other countries. and in the Russian

Federation, they do not control. Moreover, palm oil is brought to the Far East, and then transported across the whole of Russia and the CIS countries to the railway. tanks from under fuel and lubricants and nobody cares. And the content of ethyl alcohol transported through the Caucasus to Russia and the CIS countries is HARMFUL AND NOT ACCEPTABLE TO FOOD CONSUMPTION, as well as technical alcohol produced within these countries.

In the CIS countries, including and in the Russian Federation, it is not known from which alcohol products are produced in the shadow economy, but the state cannot stop this huge illegal economy.

Neither ” ROSPOTREBNADZOR”, nor the “Rosselkhoznadzor” all of this, and dozens of types and a thousand tons of food products are made from technical coconut oil and alcohol, poisoning during consumption the organism of consumers.

And, if you introduce a premium wage for “Rosselkhoznadzor” employees for each detected ton of agricultural product with excess hazardous substances in them STILL on the field (indicated in the documents: invoices, etc.), then:

– we will exempt from checking agricultural products in dozens of warehouses, bases, processing plants, etc., but if violations were found on the latter and from a specific agricultural producer and field, the latter (manufacturer and Agricultural Supervision) are fined and paid bonuses to employees “Consortium”,

– we immediately protect hundreds of wholesalers of wholesale bases and “consumer supervision” from total inspection of each product and each batch from a particular manufacturer, storage, etc., since they should bear a check mark, and if violations are found, they should be punished not only the suppliers, but also the relevant workers of consumer supervision and selkhonadzor, and paid bonuses to the inspecting employees of the wholesale bases, as well as the regulatory authorities who had missed these violations were fined,

The same should be with the import of food: total control at the entrance to the country, piece-rate bonus and penalties for all regulatory authorities throughout the food chain.

The same piece-rate premium payment of WORKERS of regulatory bodies (for example, Roskachestvo in Russia) must also be introduced to control the quality of non-food products, especially when they are produced and that the quality information on the accompanying documents and labels is consistent. SPO labor must also be introduced in construction, in the sphere of public services, ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT – in ECOLOGY and, in general – everywhere.

Features of FPLP in the environmental supervision is that the piecework-premium payment should be not only and not so much in fines for violations in the field of ecology, but also for the prevention of environmental violations. Naturally, such calculations should be carried out by independent specialists and bodies: for growth in the number of flora and fauna (annual premiums in the amount of 30% of the market value of the growth in numbers, including for related companies: forestry, water supervision, veterinary services, scientific institutions and etc.), for the prevention of environmental damage (for the cost of eliminating it), etc., etc.

Any harmful substance, product, etc., including drugs, you can find out through what border it was transported, when and who worked at that time. But have you heard at least once that you would be punished for customs officers, at least financially, for poor (or especially bad) work? And this is observed in any CIS country, including in Russia.

Thus, in order to improve only the quality of food products, complex piecework-premium wages of many state services are needed, with financial, administrative and criminal punishment, and without this it is impossible to create a normal economic system in a state, especially a civilized society.

Specific is the remuneration in school education and medicine. Public medicine, like pensions, FIRST OF ALL, will help a sharp reduction in the shadow economy and an increase in this connection of deductions for insurance medicine (for sick leave, etc.) and pension benefits.

To improve medical care, it is necessary to expand, and where there is no, to introduce, expanded payment for medical services at the expense of clients (population) and, thus, reduce “gratitude”, unofficial payment, money-raising, or even simple bribes. But it is necessary to increase state aid and expand services for rare and expensive operations in order to reduce their payment, and in most cases – to conduct them free of charge and reduce the queues to the hospital minimum, especially for children, the disabled, etc., etc.

To do this, you must enter a single queue of service, especially complex and expensive operations, and the payment is carried out as follows:

– up to a certain level of cost of service to do it at the expense of the state,

– more expensive operations – at the expense of insurance medicine, all other services, if the disease does not directly threaten life, then for:

-ocial groups (people with disabilities, children under 14 years old, pensioners, the poor, with a per capita income in the family below the subsistence level (with a certificate from the local authorities) – free of charge,

– for clients with incomes up to the average wage – 25% of the cost of services,

– well-to-do, with per capita income above average and taking into account the costs of medical services, kindergartens, etc. (i.e., these costs are deducted from income), – 50% of the cost,

– willing to pay 100% – in the queue, if there are no other candidates for this day.

– we protect one thousand retailers and bases from bad products, and, if they bear the corresponding marks, then products can be checked once a week or a month, as is now done during random checks of product quality in bazaars and shops, as every day they are impossible to carry out quality control.

Thus, in a hospital, all medical services should be assessed, their cost, and the state should pay for medical services by piece rate, after deducting services paid by the population or economic agents.

This will be called piecework payment for medical services. The cost of services should be revised no more than once a year, and then after the cost of medicines for the previous year or under contracts for the next.

The current salaries for hospital workers should be the minimum wage, the remaining increase – from the specific output of each member at the rates adopted at the general meeting of the team. And then it will be indifferent to hospitals to view services, since either the state or the patient will pay for them. Now government hospitals use government money, trying to provide services only to those who pay in cash, so in many cases taxes are not paid.

For clinics, the salary must be from the number of accepted clients or at least a certain bonus. In order to improve school education, no piecework-premium payment will not help, since this work needs only to be loved, and even there it is necessary to stimulate more schoolchildren, and not just teachers. For the latter, the average school wage can be considered as the most optimal, so that it is equal, should be equal, the average salary in the region, and the average salary in medicine should be equal to the average salary in the real economy, and the average salary for high officials in the field

Education, medicine and insurance should be equal to the average salary of officials in the real economy, and this work, like work in elected bodies, should be loved and worked honestly for the benefit of societ In order to stimulate schoolchildren to better studies, it is necessary, among other things:

– introduce compulsory and free (state) education only for incomplete secondary education and private incomplete secondary education should not be: ONLY THEN, at age 14, a person, even though a minor, can at least somehow choose his own future, IE IT IS NECESSARY TO ALLOW ALL NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TO BE TAKEN ON ACCOUNT ONLY AFTER THE END OF THE PUBLIC NON-COMPLETE MEDIUM (GYMNASAL) EDUCATION.

– to the state to provide free secondary special education in any educational institution of the country for everyone in any part of the country, subject to passing the entrance examinations for positive marks (without a competition), it is natural to allow departmental, private and other educational institutions:

paid and free,

– to introduce scholarships, both in high schools, for senior (non-gymnasium) schoolchildren in good and excellent grades, both at state (compulsory) and non-state schools,

– to introduce payment in middle classes of state schools (lyceums) for retake negative assessments (quarter, semester and annual), at the expense of the student, i.e. its owners, part of which must go directly to the school, part of the teachers who take the re-exam, some – to increase the scholarship to good students,

– to ensure free attendance at state universities for all applicants from any school in the country who passed the entrance exams for good and excellent and received only one satisfactory grade (without a competition), in all universities there should be exams of no more than four school subjects.

Such a comprehensive system and piecework premium payment will make it possible to achieve in the future the harmonious development of society and its members, in any country, state and all of Earth’s civilization as a whole and there is no other alternative.

Particularly, piecework-premium payment is important for Russia, where practically bureaucracy, business, and theft of budget funds, especially large state funds, are united, sometimes in one organization, and sometimes even in one person.

In order to put into practice and practice of all budget organizations all the above mentioned mea sures on piece-bonus wage of budget organizations (SPOTBO) in the Russian Federation it is necessary, of course, to create many legislative acts at all levels: federal, regional and local. At the same time, the main principles should be followed, including those previously mentioned:

– to what extent were previously unofficially paid for the services of budget organizations, they should be formalized at that approximate size,

– the principle of not harming the economic agent should be observed, but help to correctly charge taxes, comply with sanitary and environmental standards, customs and other legislation,

– all revenues of budgetary organizations should be distributed not only vertically, as it was noted earlier, but also by application: 25% – for executors on piecework-premium payment, 25% – for payment of executives of this budget unit and 50% – for its development ,

In order to implement such a revolutionary SPOTBO in the country, a federal law is needed, the relevant Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and even the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on holding such SPOTBO. In the decree, the most important thing is to decide in which areas and s to conduct: it’s best to start immediately in the entire budgetary sphere, but we must start, at least, from the control bodies where we deal with monetary and financial operations, then where there is piecework and end with employees and deputies of all bodies.

In the end., ELECTORAL, LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE BODIES will strive to get not those who love money and power, but those who sincerely want to work for the good of society, their city and people, with a small financial compensation, and not freaks who they take bribes and steal, but keep money in suitcases with relatives, keep billions from relatives without moving and cannot stop anyway.

THE GOVERNMENT POTENTIAL SHOULD BE INDICATED of the main principles of paying for state employees, mentioned earlier in this work, the main digital indicators for industries and utilities, types of reports, controllers and paid services.

Then, Government Decrees on its main structural divisions (ministries and departments) and developed by them are necessary, which necessarily take into account the above principles given in the Resolution, and then dozens, or perhaps hundreds, of legislative acts and decisions on regions and specific territorial budget structural divisions and organizations.

Moreover, for some state employees this will (should be) piecework payment, for others it will be premium, but for the majority of public sector workers (from medical professionals to ministers) you can make (implement) a piecework premium payment.

If it is right and most important to honestly conduct all these legislative acts, then none of the state employees and, especially, economic agents will be offended and all state employees will (must be) satisfied. And the country will not only receive colossal financial assets, which are now being exported abroad or lie in inaction in “stockings” by entire warehouses, but also – a harmonious civilization.

In the US, there are other problems. A group of people, the so-called BELDARVEYSKY CLUB controls and commands not only across America, but also tries – the whole world and, of course, only in their own interests (although these interests in learning and management of all the world, is totally insane and THIS mafia CLUB IT IS NOT ONLY CLOSE AND BANNED, BUT AND ALL ITS ORGANIZERS AND LEADERS SEND TO SPECIAL CAMP FOR THE SMALL), which is a complete worldwide antagonistic contradiction of modern civilization, and MEANS – this management is persistently leading to death not only that club, but maybe America, as a country, and even threatens with the death of all modern, albeit unimportant, but still civilization, and CAN BE AND ALL of Humanity.

How to get rid of the domination of the American financial oligarchy and the domination of multinational companies, we consider in the third chapter.

For China, the most important direction in improving its society, although all the proposed measures are also relevant, as we have noted earlier – this is the denationalization of public property and the creation on this basis of enterprises with a collective form of piple.

Lecture number 4

The functioning of the modern world financial and economic system (WFES)

1.WB and the IWF – dinosaurs of neo-colonialism, the consequences of the second and cold warrior

On the nature of the work of the main institutions of the monetary and financial system: the World Bank / IB /, the European Bank for Reconstruction / EBR / and the International Monetary Fund / IMF / I’ll tell you again on the example of the practice of their work in the Republic of Moldova / RM /.

The IMF, and with it the IB, came to Moldova sometime in 1995 and the first condition for granting a loan to the newly created state, the Republic of Moldova, of the transition period / from the centralized total state planned socialist regulation of the economy to a capitalist market economy / became standard , in their opinion, the requirement to reduce public spending and primarily by reducing social spending.

Under the socialist system, these expenses were very high for two reasons: due to the low wages of all segments of the population, up to the top leaders of the state, and ideology, i.e., deliberately show the care of the socialist, or rather Bolshevik, state about the people, making the system of natural and preferential distribution for elected individuals who faithfully served the party and the state, that is, practical, albeit ugly, communism, so understood by that ideology, operated.

By 1995, the Republic of Moldova had its own national currency, the formal / technical part / privatization of most of the former total state property was carried out, the banks became commercial, many new commercial banks appeared, the first commodity, and then the stock exchange appeared, a dozen were formed investment and bond funds, which began to assume obligations to dispose of citizens’ privatization bonds.

But by this time unemployment had reached its peak: about 30% of total unemployment and as many more partial. Those small savings of the population / the average contribution in 1989 was about 1.5 thousand rubles, which corresponds to a thousand euros at the current euro rate, although by 1995 there was already a sharp differentiation of incomes of the population / in the former state bank, only in which it was allowed to accept deposits of the population in cash / in Soviet times, banks were not allowed to have non-cash money /, they completely depreciated and were not given out to the public, or rather hung in the air, since the new, already commercial, bank / successor / did not have any working capital.

The average salary of employees at this time was $ 60, a pension of 25-30 dollars, and the cost of living per person – $ 150.

All education, almost all medicine, was state-owned, that is, at the expense of centralized and local budgets, and the salary was lower than the average, that is, 70% of the population lived below the subsistence minimum. Or even had no income at all. Therefore, at this time, not only bribery and corruption in state and local authorities flourished rapidly, but also in medicine and in general everywhere.

And in such economic and social conditions, as then in 1996, and now in 2009, the IMF comes into the country and first of all sets a condition to freeze the size of the pension and raise the pension requirement, freeze the meager salaries of state employees, etc. At the same time, a representative of the IMF and European banks / in 1996 / Madame Blank on national television justifies this by saying that social expenditures occupy a large share in the budget structure.

But, first, they were large, not because there were many, but because the budget revenues were small, and without these payments, the population would be left without any means of subsistence: after all, it is impossible to replace the total free public education with paid and especially private, also in medical care, with total poverty and economic decline.

In these conditions, it was necessary to direct all funds to preserve and increase jobs, supporting by any means the remnants of production in industry and destroyed agriculture.

And for this you need to have soft loans in the country: low interest rates and long repayment terms. This could be done only by the IMF. But he did not. Instead, laws were passed on raising the pension requirement, freezing pensions and salary payments to state employees, and other measures to cut the budget, and above all, by reducing the meager social payments.

Under these conditions, the third part (more than half a million), the most able-bodied, the population emigrated or became guest workers and in five years they began to give practically half of the national income of the country and 80% of foreign currency.

And here, instead of helping at least the main branch of the country, agricultural, the IMF is privatizing agricultural, as a result of which state and collective relations have been disbanded.

And now, instead of helping at least the main branch of the country, agriculture, the IMF is privatizing agriculture, as a result of which state and collective relations have been disbanded. The enterprises with their infrastructure, which has been established for almost 50 years, and as a result of the agricultural production fell by 45%. Not by 1%, as it is now in the West during the global crisis, but by almost half.

In these conditions, it was economically feasible to formally assign their poor 2-3 hectares of land to the peasants, and then when a desire arose, and most importantly economic conditions, the IMF needed to provide preferential loans to those peasants who are able to independently produce agricultural production. , especially he had to assist in the storage and processing of agricultural products on site.

Instead, due to the fact that the Communists came to power as a result of democratic elections, in 2000 the IMF left the country altogether and left single peasants without the necessary assistance after privatization.

Seven years later, the IMF returned, but the years were lost, and they started their song again from the beginning: instead of developing agricultural production with the help of soft loans, they require raising the pension qualification, etc., etc.

Thus, the IMF still applies the work methods of a century and a half ago: to tie the country to its / overseas / politics and ideology, to issue only short-term loans at the highest interest, in order to get maximum profit and only to ruin / American / banks and investors. peasants, and then buy land from them on the cheap, i.e. apply a pure neo-colonial policy. And the yard is already 21st century and new approaches are needed.

If at one time, in 2001-2005, the IMF and the banks would give Moldovan peasants preferential loans, at least for five years: for the purchase of new, more individual micro agrotechnologies, for the construction of various processing micro workshops, mills, etc. etc., by the end of the decade, they would have had good profits, as well as budget money for many social programs.

Instead, Western investors finance the construction of various shopping centers and residential buildings in the capital and other major cities of the country. Yes, the demand for housing was colossal, since there is no work in the village and most go to the city to earn money, and who abroad from the guest performers abroad earned some money could not put it into circulation there, in the village, because to transfer money from 2% of them are lost abroad, and to bring equipment – a duty of 5-15% and VAT of 20%.

The MFEK began, and many shopping malls and residential buildings were left unfinished, since the vast majority of them were built with loans from foreign banks. Such is the essence of the world FES.

Of course, in such conditions, the Moldovan government, like many countries of central and eastern Europe, ran to rich countries, Russia, China and Japan, and now in the EU and the US, for state loans, because at least you can take them at a lower%, yes for a longer period: 4-6 years. But it was too late, the new government abandoned them in favor of loans from the IMF and the EU.

Thus, it can be said that the economic model imposed by

Eastern Europe, as well as earlier developing countries, has completely failed not only for these countries, but also for the creators themselves, and they themselves survived to the most severe crisis in almost 100 years, / AT LEAST 15 YEARS BEFORE THE CRISIS OF EASTERN EXTENSION THE MARKET WEST HAS RECEIVED A GREAT INCENTIVE FOR PRODUCTION AND THIS HAS DECLINED AND DETAINED THE MFES CRISIS FOR 10 YEARS, which was supposed to have come at the end of the 20th century, causing even more instability in the world, hunger, inequality, chaos and total decline of culture, which still more mustache gubilis due to the crisis.

Therefore, we need a fundamental reformation of the work of the IMF and its banking structures, which should be based on such new principles:

– rejection of the political and ideological component of the work of this economic body,

– / for the purpose of raising incomes, and not spending cuts, as now / providing loans for core-forming industries at the lowest interest rates in a given country and for the longest periods,

– proclamation of the principle of refusal to purchase local land for a certain time / 20-30 years /,

– an equal division of income / profit / according to the principle: equal shares of profit per unit of capital, i.e. landowner, investor, labor and budget have approximately the same share of profit per unit of land or capital.

2. The basic law of the functioning of the modern WFES, its antagonistic contradictions and ways

to eliminate them.

The action of the basic law of the functioning of the WFES and its consequence.

To begin with, let us repeat once again the shortcomings of the modern HFPS, which we identified in the previous chapter and the ways to eliminate them:

– separation of investment funds from the real economy and weak control / regulation / behind them by national / state / and international institutions,

– the lack of distribution of profits in favor of new technology and technology / investment / and ecology in the real sector of the economy,

-a high percentage of loans provided by international financial institutions and the lack of incentives for loans to the core industries of the country, which hampers the economic development of the credited countries.

All this is the technical side of the functioning of the MFES. They can be eliminated by appropriate changes in domestic and interstate / international / legislation. But this does not fix the whole essence of the modern MFES in the right direction.

The main point is that the functioning of the MFES has the law of obtaining maximum profit in the shortest possible time. This happens because the mechanism of functioning of the MFES is designed so that all investors, banks, investors invest their funds in the financial system in order to get the maximum profit for a period not exceeding 1 year.

And in which industries, firms, projects, etc., the greatest profits are expected for the next period, there are funds / capital, investments /. And, if for some reason even temporarily profits and, in particular, dividends fall into them, then immediately there is an outflow of funds from these economic objects, making it difficult for them to continue functioning, although after a certain period, if this outflow did not exist, the object could give big profit.

And completely modern investment processes are separated from promising industries that can make a profit in 3-5 years, and we don’t even talk about a decade.

This law leads to three extremely undesirable, and even destructive, results:

– do not invest projects, and even whole new industries that give a profit of more than 3-5 years,

– for the sake of a minute profit, natural resources are mercilessly exploited or even ruined,

-no economic interest for environmental projects.

As an example, the technology of complete purification of all gases from carbon monoxide destructive for our planet was invented back in the early 80s, but so far not one, not even experimental CHP, TPP or automobile has been created.

Especially in 50 post-war years, the implementation of this law in the MFES resulted in a catastrophic global global depletion of forests, critical damage to water and land resources, a catastrophic decrease in the ozone layer, especially in northern latitudes, which led to global climate change in the Northern Hemisphere.

International firms, which, as a rule, have always been led by Western capital, mainly large American firms and wealthy American family clans, with the help of their governments, made coups in other countries to put their puppets at the head of states, bribed, duped, killed and The necessary local officials, if only to get maximum access to natural and fossil resources for their extraction or purchase at the lowest cost, especially for environmental activities.

How to fix the situation? Only in one way: by increasing regulation of economic processes by the state and society, and especially by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations with the help of international institutions and bodies.

Mankind cannot allow all the forests to be cut down for the sake of cheap packing and an oxygen cataclysm would occur on Earth, for the sake of the profits of a handful of rich people to change the climate on Earth so that it would be impossible to live a normal life on it.

And this is all going. And scientists specifically warned about this 30-40 years ago, although over the years they have practically offered all the necessary technologies for replacing environmentally unclean technologies with absolutely clean and most important and cheaper ones. But because of the greed of multinational companies and the ugly MFES, it’s still there. But then the precursors of the cataclysms are increasingly reminded of themselves: nature is becoming increasingly unpredictable, rising prices for energy resources, human genetic change, rising poverty, warriors and conflicts for virtually no reason, but only for the redistribution of property.

Under these conditions, it is necessary to limit surplus consumption in every possible way, and redistribute profits in favor of environmental standards and projects, global promising energy industries, technologies replacing oil, gas, and wood, which do not damage air, water, and land.

How to do it?

Lecture number 5

Measures to improve the functioning of the WFEC taken by countries and their insufficiency.

The leading countries of the world (20-ka), who gathered for the second time on this occasion (in Akwela, Italy), did not take any radical measures to reform the IFES, and moreover did not create or did not decide to create common international bodies and all of them decisions were advisory in their national programs for overcoming the crisis, and essentially amounted to each

from the crisis separately: who, how can. Even the timid proposal of Russia and China to create a new world currency was not considered, therefore the two countries then decided to settle among themselves in national currencies. Therefore, we consider them briefly separately.

1. Events in the United States.

The first thing that the Federal Republic of the United States itself did at the end of 2008 was that it reduced its discount rate to 0.5%. Fraer’s greed was killed because it reached 6% before the crisis, and this ultrahigh rate was the main cause of the credit crisis, because together with the uncontrolled release of dollars, such activities of the US Fed were the basis of fictitious incomes not only in themselves but also in various financial institutions , a significant proportion of future high-interest loans in the global FES, and the basis of high interest on loans received by the real sector of the economy, where they / income and interest / actually arise. That is, at first there was unlimited and uncontrollable fictitious income and interest on it, and then it had to be created in the real sector by any means. So a group of the richest of the United States from the private Fed of the United States essentially financially robbed the rest of the world.

. And in 2009, among the most important anti-crisis measures, there was neither the nationalization of the US Federal Reserve, nor the introduction of any control over its activities, and even the US presidents were afraid to raise this issue, as they remember that when President John F. Kennedy tried to do this, he was quickly removed. and then his brother, who knew about this, but was also going, after becoming the president of the United States, to take the Fed under the control of the Government.

In the United States, only the Risk Management Commission in the financial system with uncertain functions and subordination was created, the task of which was to monitor the observance of the old legislation over smaller players of the financial system: banks, IF and insurance institutions with a vague mechanism of activity and control.

In the area of ??practical measures, the Obama government took steps to get out of the crisis, and not to prevent it in the future: redemption of debts of financial institutions and large enterprises in the real economy / mainly automotive / for shares for the state, but without introducing a public, at least temporary, management. therefore

Many bankers, who brought their banks to a crisis, issued themselves multimillion-dollar prizes in the form of personal bonds for themselves. And why not, if there is no control from the top or bottom, as most of the managers are the main shareholders, and ordinary shareholders are not asked about it. Even if they find out later, it will be too late.

The second step is the introduction of tax exemptions for enterprises with incomes below 700 thousand dollars a year and the third is an improvement in obtaining insurance sums in medicine, which was met with desperate noise and resistance from insurance companies.

No laws and regulations, at least, on regulating the activities of the US Federal Reserve were adopted, and in fact the shareholders of the US Federal Reserve directly manage up to 80% of US capital and up to 50% of the capital of the whole world through shares of their banks, and therefore are the main shareholders and players of MFES

They make decisions in their favor, controlling the Senate and Congress through the Republican Party and their henchmen in government positions in any administration of the US President.

In early 2010, the President of the United States made a statement on the occasion of his anniversary as President, that US bankers ignore measures to overcome the crisis, so he declares war on them and offers the United States Congress new tougher measures:

– a ban on trading by banks from profit / must be thought without the permission of shareholders and, above all, privates /,

– a ban on the ownership of shares of investment funds / it should be limited to reasonable limits,

– cancellation of the bonus payment / it should be limited, but not completely canceled.

But the most important thing is that in this proposed regulation there is no restriction of ownership of shares in the real sector of the economy.

President Obama did not touch (and left the Capitol) and the holy of holies of the American economy, regulating the activities of the US Federal Reserve, which, being private, lent the US government about 1 billion dollars to fight the crisis, most of which will be returned by the US

In early 2010, the President of the United States made a statement on the occasion of his anniversary as President that the US bankers ignored measures to overcome the crisis, so he declares war on them and offers the United States Congress new tougher measures:

– a ban on the conduct of commercial operations by banks from profit / must be thought without the permission of shareholders and, above all, ordinary ones /,

– a ban on the ownership of shares of investment funds / it should be limited to reasonable limits,

– cancellation of the bonus payment / it should be limited, but not completely canceled.

But most importantly, in this proposed regulation there is no restriction of ownership of shares in the real sector of the economy.

President Obama did not touch (and left the Capitol) and the holy of holies of the US economy, regulating the activities of the US Federal Reserve, which, being private, lent the US government about $ 1 trillion to fight the crisis, most of which will be returned by the American taxpayer and the world communities, and the banks themselves are not particularly going to return the loans or buy back their shares from the government, but continue to also manage bank finances and only in their own favor, which cannot be considered normal. As we said earlier, it is necessary that all firms and banks that took out loans from the state were governed by state representatives and already benefit not only one banker, but also the state and all the people.

In May 2010, the US Congress adopted an Action Plan for the regulation of FES in the United States, the most important of which is the creation, under the presidential administration, of the “Office of Financial Consumer Protection”, which has yet to be approved by Congress.

The creation of such a body is undoubtedly a step forward, but it will protect the interests of consumers when they are violated, and laws must be created that would not allow violation of consumers in advance. will be monitored for medium and small financial institutions, but not for large ones and especially for the US Federal Reserve.

Such control has already begun to be implemented by the Government of Germany, due to the increasing budget deficit in a number of EU countries: Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the fall of the euro in this regard.

2. Events of the EU and other countries.

Activities of the EU countries were aimed at temporary stimulation of consumption and demand of the population and partial assistance to large firms of the real economy and some banks, thus, EU laws on non-interference of states into the economy of economic agents were violated. At one time, they recognized the illegal assistance of the Polish government to their shipyards in Gdansk and Szczecin and demanded that the government, under the threat of a fine, declare these shipyards bankrupt, but when their entire Western European economic system became bankrupt, a number of countries pledged to allocate Opel to bankrupt, or rather his master is American

GM, 1 billion dollars, which indicates the absence of uniform legislation

for the EU.

Thus, in order to get rid of the unprofitable competitor of its shipbuilding industry, the EU authorities refuse to help him, and in order to preserve their economy whales, OPEL, violate their own legislation.

Stimulating consumption is the right policy from an economic point of view, but temporary stimulation and only during a crisis means that such a crisis will come again, as it is necessary to constantly stimulate consumption, and this can be achieved, as we noted earlier, if the incomes of wide sections are raised population, especially developing countries, and reduced incomes of banks, etc.

It is very important that the ECB accepted the base rate on the loans issued by it for the second half of 2009 in the amount of 1%. But as we have already noted, this rate should be not only during the crisis, but always and its further increase, but not more than 2%, should be adopted by the relevant parliament, otherwise in the future the credit crisis cannot be avoided. But again, the European Parliament did not adopt any regulatory documents. And naturally, he cannot accept this until such a law is passed by the Senate and the US Congress for his US Federal Reserve, which means that it is impossible to avoid a sharp rise in loan rates and redistribution of income from the MFES in the near future only to the benefit of financial institutions. the finances of enterprises in the real sector of the economy, and therefore the fall in incomes of the majority of the population in favor of the same financial institutions and the onset of conditions for the impossibility of repayment of loans and the crisis.

Many in the EU, especially non-governmental and charitable organizations, understood that any, even new, after a crisis trade agreement, for example, between the EU and African countries leads to freezing of local production and trying to change the situation without eliminating the causes of its / inability of the global capitalist market FES work progressively / and propose methods / delivery of seeds, rather than products, the construction of primitive water pipelines for family production, i.e. for family needs, rather than the issuance of various canned goods, the issuance of small loans, instead of humanitarian aid, for the production of agricultural products needed by the local population, and not for profit abroad, etc. etc. / which are good, but without a fundamental change in the MFES / above all, a sufficient, cheap and long-term loan to local small businessmen, especially for agricultural production, processing and sale, including abroad, especially monocultures i.e. – the most common crops in a given country or locality /, they are unable to fundamentally solve

The problems of these countries, people and the MFEC as a whole.

3. World Summits and Their Decisions

All the world summits, both for the MFEK and for the GIK, for 2 years after the start of the MFEK did not lead to the adoption of a single general decision, including on ecology, and the prevention of technogenic influence on the GIK, especially such fundamental measures that are given the author in his books / see for example his book “Technogenic Impact on Global Climate Change and its Prevention”, 2007 /.

Therefore, the author considers the strengthening of UN influence on these major problems of mankind especially relevant. For this, it is necessary at the UN to create one or separate working commissions on these problems and in working order to create a single document that does not take into account the interests of individual countries, but only common interests in the plan presented by the author in these two books, and those countries that do not vote for a single document should be openly condemned and economic and political sanctions adopted by the UN. Otherwise, all summits will have the appearance of a bazaar and disorder, when everyone, like at the bazaar, bargained only for their interests. At the same time, all technologies and inventions under the SEC should be transferred by firms for free or at the lowest financial offers.

Summarizing, we can say that the exit of all countries from the crisis showed that this was mainly focused on saving banks and helping them, at the expense of other sectors and mainly saving capital through labor and social expenses:

– in the United States, although the most balanced policy, the basic principles and methods of functioning of the US economy and the International Economic Property Fund are preserved: the dominance of large capital and its uncontrollability, the absence of the state Fed, the lack of state control over the issue of the dollar both inside and outside the country outside unrestricted activities of insurance firms and funds, poor control over lending% and others,

– in Europe and Russia, the majority of state expenditures went towards saving banks and state budgets, mainly due to labor savings (wages of employees and social expenses), especially the policy of most European governments to save banks by raising the pension requirement, is disgusting. e. the deprivation of the livelihood of those who created the entire economy of the second half of the 20th century, and the IMF is especially zealous in this, especially in Eastern Europe, where living standards and life expectancy are lowest in Europe after the “democracy and freedom” that came from the West : the entire economic, social, industrial and residential infrastructure has been destroyed and in return for them for 20 years nothing good has been created,

– the example of Greece is particularly illustrative, as the abominable activities of the MFES, and especially the disgusting example of Greece’s exit from the MFEK: instead of developing agricultural production in nearby states (Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine) and o help them in improving, modernizing and reforming agricultural infrastructure and industrial production, where the amount of investment over the next decades can be unlimited and much needed by the MFES, but the EU and the IMF invested money in Greece only in commercial, civil and tourist construction, tons . where it is possible to make a profit in a year, and this did not meet its needs (even if the Greek government, and especially the people, do not take offense at me, since I myself can be said to be a descendant of the ancient Greeks, like all the peoples around it: the Bulgarians, Serbs, Macedonians, Moldovans, Albanians),

– practically in the whole space of the SPEC, the authorities of all countries saved capital, not labor, and often by reducing or freezing salary hired labor and pensions, with rare exceptions: for example, Ford paid good benefits to all those reduced.

And the way bankers behave, there is even a feeling that they artificially made GFEK with the consent of the main shareholders and owners of their financial institutions, as was the case in the 20s in the United States, with the help of a huge dollar issue by the Fed owners. What could this be done for? It seems that it would make sense for some reason:

– in order to bring down the price of oil,

– lower rates of all national currencies, as happened for all national currencies, except the dollar and the euro,

– reduce the income of Russia and other major oil exporters and increase their dependence on large Western investors,

– cause an economic downturn in China and reduce its economic expansion.

But these are purely political reasons, they are not related to economics and science, and let journalists, politicians and trade unions deal with them.

_________________

* – The author was very supportive of the struggle of the Greek trade unions, who in 2010 carried out demonstrations and strikes throughout the country against the policy of the Greek government to get out of debt mainly due to wage labor, but if FES can take into account the interests of wage labor only through manifestation and harassment, when material then manifestants themselves, employers, capital, state and population lose, this is very bad, because many issues can be resolved through the Councils of enterprises consisting of representatives of this wage labor, and that It also means that parliamentarians, like almost any other country, do not have parliamentarians expressing the interests of hired labor, but mostly big business, because to get to parliament you have to spend a lot of money on the electoral system, which hired labor is not.

In addition to those necessary studies in the economy and, first of all, in the IFES, which are indicated in the lecture, we draw attention to the following areas of necessary studies.

Research Questions:

1) The negative impact of a very large share of the appropriation of surplus value by non-productive organizations: external shareholders, exchanges, etc. etc..

2) A huge share of the appropriation of surplus value (profit) in intermediary firms.

3) The positive impact of wage labor in obtaining a share of the profits.

4) The negative impact of super huge international firms on IFES.

5) The negative impact of the Fed on the IFES.

6) The negative impact of corruption on the economy of any country and IFES.

7) The negative impact of superbanks (mainly the USA) on the IFES and others.

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