World civilization: evolution or death?
CONTENT
Introduction
LECTURE 1 The action of the basic dialectic and economic laws and laws in modern society.
1. The action of dialectical laws and laws in nature and society.
a) The effect of the regularity of the transition of quantity to quality.
b) The effect of the law of negation is negation (the law of development along a spiral).
c) The law of unity, interrelation, interaction and struggle of two opposites.
2. The nature of the economic and legal laws and laws.
a) The evolutionary nature of laws and the cause of revolutionism.
b) Conservative mass – a sign of the sustainability of the development of society.
3. Regularities of economic progress.
BUT). The law of expansion of production.
B) The law of elevation needs.
AT). The law of efficiency of average parameters.
D). The law of maximum profit.
D). The law of prices in a super industrial society
4. Law of conformity of economic relations to the nature and level of productive forces.
5. Community without exploitation and form of ownership
6. In principle, the new system of remuneration of state bodies for any country.
7. The main engine of civilization progress.
Lecture 2 Man-made impact on global climate change. Who is guilty of this and how to prevent it?
2. Causes of Global Climate Change (GIC)
1. Modern signs of GIK.
2. Technological reasons GIK.
A) The influence of technical heat on the GIK on Earth.
B) Chemical effect on the GIC.
B) The effect of the conditioning particles.
3. Ways to reduce the use of hydrocarbon fuels and its harmful effects on climate.
4. Replacing hydrocarbon materials is an important way to prevent GICs.
5. The main culprit in the GIK.
6. Protection of water resources is the total primary and urgent task of our time.
2. Technological methods of dealing with GIK.
1. Thermal power plants and thermal power plants with integrated gas extraction.
A) Obtaining acids at CHP.
B) Receiving liquefied CO2 gas at TPPs.
C) The scope of waste CO2 from thermal power plants.
D) Ecological ICE.
2. Silica electric power industry (CEE) is the general way to reduce and replace hydrocarbon energy (CI).
3. Complex development of deserts and mountains.
4. Technical and economic problems of CEE and their solution.
5. International railway magnetic cushion (MZHMP).
6. Economic and political problems of implementing CE.
7. Ecological calculations (all calculations are made by the author)
LECTURE 3. The global financial and economic system: reformation or death?
1.Three facts from the practice of the functioning of the global financial and economic system / MFES / before the crisis and their analysis
1. Education, operation and performance
investment funds in Eastern Europe in transition.
2. In Russia, Roman Abramovich and the West got rich 1000 times, but the West did not avoid the crisis from this.
3. WB and the IMF – dinosaurs of neo-colonialism, the consequences of the second and cold warrior.
2 The basic law of functioning in the modern MFES, its antagonistic contradictions and ways to eliminate them.
1. The action of the basic law of the FPP World Ecology and its consequences.
2. Measures to fundamentally improve the functioning of the MFES.
3. Changes in the structure and ideology of the World FES.
4. The main task of the World FES at this stage (at the beginning of the 21st century).
3. The main drawback in the modern MFES and the way to eliminate it.
1. Modern global market capitalist FES – brake NTR.
2. How to save the remaining forests from cutting.
4. Ways of normal functioning of the world FES in the context of modern globalization.
1. Ways of reforming the world FES.
2. Creating a new world currency based on CEE is an ideal option for a radical improvement in the functioning of the MFES.
3. World money – as a sensor of functioning in conditions of true and fair globalization.
4. The lack of free movement of labor, small capital, intellectual property is a strong brake on the normal functioning of the MFES in the context of modern globalization.
5. Restricted and regulated protectionism – the need for a transition to normal globalization.
6. Restricting the creation of super large transnational corporations is a condition for the normal functioning of the MFES.
7. Regulation of the activities of super large banks is a condition for the normal functioning of the MFES.
8. Excessively high interest on deposits – a brake in the development of the MFES.
9. Limiting growth and regulating speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the MFES.
LECTURE4 The measures taken by the leading countries of the world and their insufficiency in reforming the IFES.
1. Events in the United States.
2. Events in the EU and other countries.
3. World summits and their decisions.
Lecture 5. Other methods of improving harmony in world civilization
1. A cardinal improvement in the work of the WTO is a pressing need for the normal functioning of the MFES.
2. The maximum development of local, especially agricultural production, is the way of stabilizing the MFES.
LECTURE 6. The main activities necessary for a radical improvement of harmony in society.
1. Political events.
2. Administrative measures.
3. Economic events.
4. Social events.
5. Ecological activities.
LECTURE 7. Ways of evolution of the 21st century.
1. The development of mankind over the past 150 years
2. New political conditions.
3. Method of determining the level of democracy in the country.
4. Radical improvement of the work of the UN and other world organizations.
5. Who should rule by the middle of the 21st century?
Conclusion
Introduction
By the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, humanity reached its apogee in its wrong development.
Wars, strikes, riots, Maidan, etc. literally swept most countries in the world.
Bureaucracy, embezzlement, bribery, etc. etc. reached unprecedented proportions in almost all countries of the world, especially in the former countries of the socialist camp after its collapse.
Capitalism and its relationships have reached their omnipotent action.
Over the wealth of the units and the poverty of the majority of the population reached terrible proportions
in almost all countries.
Mankind goes to its death: garbage, toxic substances and gases, acid rain, depletion of soil, a catastrophic decrease in fish stocks in the seas and oceans, cutting down half of the forests and much more literally destroying our Earth.
If it continues like this, then in 40-50 years humanity will reach the point of no return: when it will be impossible to save it.
Therefore, if in the first half of the 21st century, the earthly civilization is not reconstructed, then its death will become inevitable.
In this book, based on the scientific principles of dialectics, economic laws, criticism of existing processes and phenomena, the author tried to make a number of proposals to improve economic, technical and political processes in society, both on a global scale and for any country in the world, especially for the CIS countries including for Russia. At the same time, the author does not claim the accuracy of scientific formulations, dates and statements, but tried to create a vision of the essence of the processes.
The book provides recommendations in the field of economics, ecology and political science, which are important for any country in the world and especially for the CIS countries, introducing that any CIS country will become more civilized, and Russia – the most advanced in economics, science and technology in the world:
– Corruption, bribery and embezzlement will be reduced to a minimum if you introduce recommended salaries for civil servants,
– the shadow economy will radically decrease and revenues to the budgets of the country will increase,
– the investment in the country will increase by several times, and without the use of foreign capital,
– will become more organic and large budgets (federal, territorial and local),
– investments of Russian companies in other countries will increase according to advanced technologies: in the field of solar and atomic energy, in countries with deserts, and integrated development of deserts and mountains will be introduced,
– the country’s dependence on the dollar and transnational corporations and companies will decrease, and much more.
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LECTURE 1. The action of the basic dialectic and economic laws and laws in society
1. The action of dialectical laws in nature and society.
A) The effect of the regularity of the transition of quantity to quality.
In society, this pattern can be traced to the example of two peoples: Chinese and Slavic.
At one time, during the time of the last European icing, the peak of which was 25 thousand years ago, and in the Sahara, on the Arabian Peninsula, in Asia Minor (the present territory of Turkey, the Tigris, Euphrates and Indus rivers had a savannah in which conditions for development and human colonization, the ancestors of the current Chinese and other Sino-Caucasian peoples settled the Indus River (Harapska civilization), the climatic conditions on which were more favorable than they are now, then settled the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as far as the Caucasus or maybe the process was the opposite. The descendants of the latter are the current Abkhazians, Chechens, Ingushs, Circassians and Kabardians. This civilization (Harapskaya) mastered and spread the production of tea, cotton and rice.
But a part of this people, even before that, was able to get through Tibet to the Yangtze River, descended along it to the great fertile Chinese plain along this river, not inhabited by anyone, since there was no caveman there and in general – primitive archaeological searches are underway to prove the opposite), and even before the new era they were able to invent their own writing, porcelain, gunpowder, silk, etc., ahead of other peoples in this, the other part settled the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the descendants of which created the Sumer civilization . And now, in the 21st century, by creating normal conditions for its development, China has moved into 1st place in economics. So natural conditions gave impetus to the development of the nation, and then the quantity grew into the quality of development.
The Slavs, having begun to engage mainly in agriculture, to the 6th century AD settled all arable land around the European mountains, from the Vistula and Berlin (from the Slavic word – “den”, which was founded by the Slavs at the end of the 5th beginning of the 6th century, like the entire former GDR, dotted with Slavic artifacts, to the Volga (Chernyakhovskaya culture). So Slavs became the most numerous ethnos in Europe, as they were engaged in the most advanced production in the last 5 thousand years, that is, grain production, as they had the greatest scope for this. And this affected by the end of the 19th century, with the beginning of a new technical revolution on its development (to this due to historical factors and large territories, the Slavs were divided into many nations: over the past 100-130 years, most of the largest discoveries and inventions were made by Slavs or in Slavic countries (see the author’s list). So favorable climatic conditions developed the most important sector of the economy at one time, and this gave an increase in the population, whose number in the late 19th and most of the 20th century gave a qualitative indicator of the development of the Slavic nations. But backward political systems, serfdom, which was not abolished by Tsar Peter the Great with the introduction of capitalism in Russia, and the Ottoman occupation in most Slavic countries, did not allow this number of people and the quality of production to go into the general quality of society and therefore most Slavs worked in more advanced capitalist countries.
Thus, until the beginning of the technical revolution in the 18th century (with the invention of the steam pump and the engine), the climatic conditions were the main ones in economic development.
This is Popov’s invention of a radio transmitter and transmission of the first radio signal 15 years before Italian Marconi. Serb Kostovic invented and made a carburetor and built the first 100 hp gasoline internal combustion engine in Moscow for 10 years before Benz, who built the engine just a few liters. with., but Kostovich’s engine exploded and he was no longer allocated funds and was not allowed to finish it.
This is Danilo-Dobrovolsky, whom the Russian emperor, under certain conditions, handed over to the government of Bismarck, and who in Germany gave the idea of creating an alternating current electric motor, which then Serb Nicola Tesla launched into mass production in several countries, having made a revolution in machine-tool construction and industry.
This is a Bulgarian John (Ivan) Atanasov, who traveled all over America for more than 20 years and argued and showed how to do a computing machine, and then, in 1944, Wiener patronized the idea of forgetting to turn on Atanasov. Truth then Atanasov for 36 years sued him and the American court (USA) determined that Atanasov was the inventor of the computer. A few years later Atanasov died. But his daughter has achieved, also in court, that every computer manufacturer in the USA is obliged to pay a fee to the present inventor. But in the US, they are now almost not produced.
All of America is proud of Edison’s light bulb, which was actually invented by the Russian ingenious inventor of another AC transformer, Lodygin, who sold a patent for a light bulb to stupid Edison, since he did not allow him to turn around in America.
England is proud of its undoubtedly brilliant White, who made the first steam engine, but does not know that at the same time the no less brilliant Russian inventor Yablochkin also proposed this. But the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Russia, Dashkova, insulted him, saying that she had not even seen or heard such a thing in England and had not allocated funds. Lodygin obmatyukal her and in retaliation she ousted him from the Russian Academy and ruined. So the genius died in poverty and humiliation.
Fifteen years before a mobile phone was patented in the USA, according to the scheme of the Soviet inventor Kupriyanov, dozens of radio amateurs in the USSR and the inventor himself had and used it. The Soviet inventor Gorokhov in 1968 received an author’s certificate to a personal computer, but the Academy of Sciences of the USSR did not include his invention in the plan of scientific works and thus for a long time in the USSR could not implement this invention in metal.
A few years later, a graduate of one of the American universities made such a computer with the help of $ 1,800 by Bill Goitz. They sold this scheme to IBM for $ 1 million and now nobody knows this inventor, but they know Geyts as a computer genius, although he never invented anything in life. There are many, many more examples on this subject, but I’ll dwell on the most vivid example. Dynamite was invented in the secret Imperial chemical laboratory in St. Petersburg, but A. Nobel patented it in Sweden, and then Nobel seized his conscience and he bequeathed half of the income to scientists and inventors for the prize named in his honor.
Back in 1962, Kiev Academician Glushko suggested that the USSR GOVERNMENT should make wired Internet for party and state bodies, but the authorities were afraid that they would be cut in half and did not use this project. In the USA, this invention was patented and introduced in more than ten years.
All this happened because the beginning of the new stage of the scientific and technological revolution (end of the 19th century) coincided with the liberation of the Slavs from the Ottoman Empire, the abolition of serfdom and the beginning of the capitalist formation in the Slavic countries. But, as we will show later, there are other laws in nature and society that prevent them from being implemented first: in the USSR, and even now in Russia, this is a big bureaucracy, because the bigger the country, the bigger the bureaucracy, and the latter has the ability self-multiplication, this is the historically obtained situation of accumulating bank funds in one hands: the Rothschilds, and then the Rockefellers (Rockenfellers) and some others, but a narrow circle of families.
How did it happen? Starting from the 16th century, when commercial capitalism began to flourish, according to Christian teachings and customs, even money could be given without profit (%), but according to Jewish ideas, this was not prohibited, it was encouraged. This is how Spanish Catolonia developed, then the Venetian and Genoa republics, banks and the Rothschild family, which now, in the 21st century) only in the largest bank in Germany, Doychebank, in Germany, BELONGS 40% of assets, and this bank finances and controls 80% of banking assets Germany. Therefore, it should be clear to everyone: who controls the economic and political power in the Federal Republic of Germany and the EU.
And now we will give a very short list of the most important announcements and discoveries made by the Slavs in the world over the past 100 years. In general, about 50%, although the number was and amounted to no more than 5% of the developed countries.
List of inventions
for the first time in the world, offered for manufacturing or manufactured in Slavic countries or Slavs in other countries.
• 1870-1890, Danilo-Dobrovolsky invented the EPT of the emperor’s laboratory, and then the emperor sold it to Germany, the German Bismarck, for 40 thousand rubles in gold, where he made an alternating current electric motor.
• 1879-1886, Kostovich, Russia, Moscow, CARBURETOR, PETROL ENGINE 100 hp.
• 1881-1886, Mozhaisky, Russia, installation of the first-ever STEAM BOAT ENGINE on an aircraft and the creation of the first propeller on an aircraft such as a Kite.
• 1883-86, the invention of dynamite at the Imperial Secret Chemical Laboratory in St. Petersburg, then A. Nobel patented it in Sweden.
• 1896, Yakhtelev, BUILT A GASOLINE ENGINE regardless of Benz.
• 1883, Boldarev, Russia, invention and creation of FLEXIBLE FILM.
• 1895 – invention by Popov, St. Petersburg, and 1898 – the first broadcast of the RADIO SIGNAL.
• 1885-96, Yablochkin, USA, ELECTRIC BULB PATENT with a spiral, which was sold to Edison, the first street and home lighting with incandescent bulbs in the USA. The very first, EARLIER, was in ST. Petersburg.
• Nikola Tesla, USA, invented and built a steam GENERATOR (steam turbine) AND AC MOTOR.
• Volsky invented the mercury rectifier and optical fiber, RSFSR.
• 1929. Glushko, USSR, ELECTROTHERMAL REACTIVE ENGINE.
• 1930, Zvorykin, USA, FIRST ELECTRON BEAM TUBE AND TV (invented in the Moscow special laboratory in 1918).
• 1937, Cradle, Ukraine. Kharkov, Aviation Institute ,. He built the world’s first GAS (on kerosene) TURBINE FOR A REACTIVE ENGINE.
• 1932-34, Kharkov Aviation Institute, Ukraine, the plane with the first retractable landing gear in the world was stationary and took off.
• 1928–40, John Atanasov, USA, PROPANDED THE COMPUTER CONSTRUCTION SCHEME.
16, 1950, Vinogradov, USSR, biochemistry of isotopes.
17. 1960. Morozov. USSR, PLASMA ENGINE.
18. 1955, Basov and Prokhorov, invented and built LASER, Nobel laureates ..
19.1957. Kupriyanovich. MOBILE PHONE.
20. 1964. Glushko and ????, USSR, Kiev. TELEPHONE INTERNET.
21.1968, Gorokhov. THE USSR. Personal Computer.
B) The effect of the dialectical law of negation is negation (spiral development) in society.
Under the primitive communal system, man lived in a separate cave. Together the men hunted, together the women gathered brushwood. mushrooms, berries, fished, etc., i.e. labor was collective.
Then, with the advent of agriculture, gradually with the improvement of the instruments of labor, one person (a man with a family) was able to produce not only enough products for the family, but also surpluses that were given to the wars guarded by the tribe. So the work became individual and tribes, peoples, and then states appeared.
With the advent of technology, the end of the 18th century, labor became operational, factories and plants appeared, labor products began to be produced collectively. Almost all products became goods, i.e. intended for exchange through money. Labor became collective, a market appeared that became the regulator of the economy. National states were formed, as I had to write documents, and this is easy to do in one language.
So humanity went from the denial of one nature of production to another, which brought to a new higher level not only production, but also housing and social life. Development proceeds in a spiral (from collective in a primitive society to an individual in the Middle Ages, and then again to a collective, but different organization), as V. Lenin defined in his work “The Development of Capitalism in Russia”.
C) Conservative mass – a sign of the stability of economic relations.
The right to strike the masses, especially the working class, is undoubtedly an achievement of modern society, but when the ruling circles take advantage of this and bring important decisions every time to the point of absurdity, and therefore to the strike, this right turns into a scarecrow.
So it was when the ruling circles of France, and many other countries, solved the problems of the 2008 financial crisis at the expense of pensioners: where they froze the size of their pensions, where they decided to raise the pension level, etc. etc. The rising strikes made it impossible to carry out the wrong actions of the authorities, but not in all countries. So in Italy, nevertheless, they “solved” the problems of banks at the expense of pensioners by raising the pension requirement.
Thus, banks and bankers, who have billions, were saved by giving them state financial assistance by taking money from retirees, who, as a rule, even in Italy, maybe have a small business at most. What happened at that time in Eastern Europe will be shown in the 3rd chapter.
But in a harmonious society this should not be and it says that in European society and states there are deep contradictions between the ruling circles and the people, because the most important laws are not consistent with the relevant layers and interests.
This happened because the party, and therefore the monetary, electoral system operates there.
Party electoral systems have led all parties to express the interests of those groups that sponsor them, i.e. – individual layers or even individuals, which is unacceptable in a civilized, especially harmonious, society.
3. Regularities of economic progress.
A) The law of expansion of production (the law of expanded production)
It would be more correct to say “the pattern of expanded reproduction”, since there are normal cases where production may not expand but function effectively.
This law states that the greater the growth rate of production, the more effective it is. Efficiency lies in the fact that falling overhead and general business costs per unit of production.
Production can expand due to two factors: an increase in individual consumption or an increase in the number of consumers, i.e. the number of agents of consumption.
A classic example is the production of televisions, the consumption of which covers due to both factors. Initially, the family had one electron-beam TV, but then, due to cheaper or higher incomes, was able to buy another one, or even several TVs. Then a completely new generation, digital TVs, appears, and the family begins to buy new TVs in a new way.
At the same time, it is very wild to hear that with the fall in oil prices an economic collapse occurs. On the contrary, as the price of oil falls, the price of fuel and lubricants should fall. This means that the cost of transportation decreases, and therefore the cost of all goods and services, which should lead to an increase in consumption, means an increase in production and a decrease in the cost and cost of most goods. Thus, the cost of living decreases and after it its quality grows, a regularity of life improvement of citizens occurs.
Modern world energy policy is conducted with the exact opposite. With the fall in oil prices, with the help of an increase in taxes on refined products, the prices of refined products do not fall and no changes in the economy are for the better. And it is beneficial to oil refining countries and relevant firms. This enables such states and firms to parasitize on this. If you reduce all these parasitic taxes by at least twice, then the prices of oil and oil products in the world will decrease by one third, that is, as a rule, in fact the prices for oil and, especially for its refined products, are artificially high by half. And thus, production growth is delayed in most branches of production.
For example, in the 90s of the last century, the largest oil holding company in Russia was Sibneft (now Rosneft), the control package of shares that belonged to BP, and the low cost of oil production in Russia due to low wages , gave these firms fabulous profits – up to 700%: they bought $ 25 from producers, $ 5 transportation, and sold them on the international market for more than $ 200 per ton. Then the state imposed a tax on exports and on the products it processed and took these revenues, but this did not change anything in the global economy: some parasites replaced others. Things got worse in Russia when the state imposed a tax on fuel and lubricants within the country, almost equaling their domestic prices with European prices, which greatly increased all prices in the country and lowered the living standards of the wide circles of the population and, most importantly, slowed down economic development country. The country sat on “nefteyglu.”
Of course, a fuel tax is needed, but it should be small and constant: in differentiated taxes (in% of the cost of fuel from the manufacturer). And then WITH A REDUCTION OF OIL PRICES WILL BE DECREASING AND FUEL PRICES.
Now, with a decrease in oil, as a rule, oil-producing countries, including Russia, lower the rate of their currency compared to the dollar, but increase the tax on fuel and, thus, the domestic price of oil in the country remains at the old level, exports for all goods does not increase, as the price of fuel is the same, the same remain the total costs. But the import of goods is stagnating, as the prices of imported goods within the country increase. The economy, as a result of all this, in general, stagnates.
As a result, other industries continue to stagnate, and exports not only do not increase, but, as a rule, fall. It is erroneously considered that this increases the export of goods – an ABSOLOR BOSTER, BECAUSE WITH THIS, THE INTERNAL PRICES FOR IMPORTED GOODS ARE NOT CHANGED AND THE INCENTIVES TO PRODUCTION, BEFORE MORE EXPORT, NO.
On the contrary, when oil prices fall, oil-producing countries, and specifically Russia, should try to keep the national currency rate closer to the old rate, the cost of most goods will fall, and then and export and import will be beneficial.
B) The law of increase (elevation) needs.
This law says that every year, every person, family, town, society, state should improve (increase) their needs: as the dialectic says, “consumption of one level of need automatically increases the need to improve their quality and quantity.”
As a rule, this happens in normal economic and political conditions and societies. Therefore, the constant observance of this rule is the principle of functioning of a harmonious society. But, in fact, in all countries of our time, at least since 2088, this has not happened, and in most countries of the world since the 1990s.
A). The law of efficiency of average parameters.
According to this law (according to the author of this book), everything is average – it is stable and does not allow an imbalance to go with negative external influences. Therefore, the average person, (no matter where and by whom he works) is a stabilizing factor, both in society as a whole and
especially in economics. In practice, as a rule, it stands, should act as the support of medium and small businesses. But in practice, this rule is poorly observed, including in Russia, for many reasons. Now we will not consider it, and we will consider later.
D). The pattern of obtaining maximum profit and its relationship with the average.
Everyone, an entrepreneur, investor, firm, enterprise, etc. always seeking maximum profit. But this does not mean that the entire economic system should be directed towards this.
What percentage of profits can be considered increased? As early as the 19th century, Marx showed that a normal profit can be considered a profit from 5 to 10%. The amount of profit from 10 to 15% can be considered increased and it can only be very effective, usually advanced in technology or products. Karl Marx also showed that PROFIT MORE THAN 15% can only be due to over-exploitation of wage labor or overpricing in modern times with the help of various methods.
Therefore, the profit tax should be differentiated in these four categories: with 5% profit and less, the smallest tax should be, or in some sectors the producer should be generally exempt from this tax, with profits from 5 to 10% – the normal rate constituting the main article on this tax, with 10-15% – an increased tax rate, and for profits greater than 15% – the tax rate should be MORE than 50%.
The same principle should be in the taxation of personal income (wages). Wages that do not exceed the average subsistence level by 1.5 people should not be taxed. And to the salary, which is less than the subsistence level by 1.5 people, there should be a social allowance from the relevant social bodies.
Salary, which is significantly higher than the average subsistence level for the same 1.5 people, may be taxed, but not lowering this level to below the average subsistence level of the same people. All other income can be considered super high and can be taxed at elevated rates. Only such a principle can be considered acceptable for a civilized society.
D). The law of prices in a super industrial society. *
The law of prices according to Marx states that goods are exchanged according to the same amount of socially necessary labor invested in it. Other economists argue that the price of a commodity depends only on its usefulness and outwardly it manifests itself in the ratio of supply and demand.
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* -for more details see the scientific book-monograph of the author “Price and other economic
The above book (see lecture course №1) shows that the price of any commodity depends on the amount of labor invested in it and its usefulness, i.e. price is the dialectical unity of value, namely the quantity of socially necessary labor invested in it, and use value, i.e. quantity and quality of consumer properties of the product. Outwardly, this process is manifested not only in the ratio of supply and demand, but also in price stability.
THESE DECORATIONS FROM ROAD MATERIALS ARE USED BY GREAT DEMAND, BUT THEIR PRICE IS ALWAYS MORE THAN THE LINEN CLOTHES THAT ARE NEEDED, NOT ATTENTION THAN DECORATIONS.
But at the same time, the cost of making (drawing) paintings of the classics of painting is not so significant, and their prices are very high, as the demand for them is great. A loaf of bread is a more valuable commodity than a bicycle, but it costs less because the cost of making it is less, but during a war or a hunger strike, the bicycle was changed to just a few loaves of bread, because at that time they were more valuable for life.
The same principle can be attributed to the price of labor and to its payment. Its price should be such that it reproduces not only its (normal standard of living in accordance with the relevant economic conditions), but also – expanded reproduction (birth and bringing to adulthood with a certain qualification of at least 3 children per couple or 1, 5 people per adult). Shortage of wages for this is the exploitation of wage labor.
Any production should be expanded, and depending on its efficiency, the amount of profit appears, i.e. and from the efficiency of labor should be his pay. Failure to comply with this law causes contradictions that can reach the antagonistic moment leading to the destruction of a given wage or the corresponding economic relations (strikes, etc.) and even the destruction and destruction of the economic system (revolution).
If this law is violated, some producers or the state receive undeserved income, and the consumer has an expense, and vice versa. Therefore, prices in any market prices require regulation and not only with the help of the market, but also by government agencies with the help of fixed prices, taxes, benefits, discounts, allowances, regulation of profits and others.
Returning to the prices of oil and oil products, it is necessary, automatically with a fall in the price of oil, not to regulate the ratio of the national currency and the dollar, but to reduce state taxes on the export of oil, provided that the profits of processing enterprises and their intermediaries are regulated not depending on the price of oil, but through fixed state rates of return.
In this case, a falling oil price will automatically lead to a fall in the price of fuel consumed, which means it will have a beneficial effect on the development of other industries. Since in Russia the budget is very much dependent on these goods, these regulations can be carried out by half, until budget items from other industries are increased or compensated. And, if these changes in the regulation of the PRICE are not made, the country will not be able to export anything more than energy resources, metals, wood and military equipment.
Such regulation with a stable currency in China, has led this country to the leaders of economic development. The current regulation in Russia is profitable only for the dollar and the American economy and temporarily supports the articles of INCOME in the budget.
Moreover, falling oil prices can be used against producing countries, primarily against Russia, Iran and Venezuela. How at one time it was done against the USSR. When the United States and Saudi Arabia artificially lowered the price of oil to $ 8 per barrel, the USSR did not economically sustain it and this was one of the reasons for its collapse. And Saudi Arabia for its loss of income received from the US military equipment at a lower price.
Why did the USA not suffer at this time (1981-1991)? Yes, because by this time the next technical revolution had begun, and they had come forward with new technologies: personal computers, mobile phones and digital equipment, and a LOT of this happened due to the cheapness of energy resources.
4. The law of conformity of the relations of production to the nature and level of the productive forces.
PRODUCTION RELATIONS DEPEND ON MANY FACTORS, but one of the main factors is the level of productive forces. It has already been noted earlier about changes in the nature of labor, and therefore the relations of production, in different systems: primitive, agricultural, and commodity.
Particularly complex production, and in a broad sense, economic relations have become at the present stage, the stage of full globalization of the economy. In addition, they are disfigured by the World Financial and Economic System (MFES). What is their essence and what should be done for their reformation will be discussed in Chapter 3.
5. Society without exploitation and form of ownership
Speaking of a society that is fundamentally different from capitalist, we must first decide: how does it differ in forms of ownership from capitalism, i.e. from a society in which capital is the main type of accumulation of free material and financial resources and the reproduction of the economic process? And already on the basis of this: what should be the main form of ownership in society, which we conditionally call as socialist, i.e. non-capitalist, a society without exploitation, which means this is a civilized society?
At the same time, we distinguish 5 types (or stages) of the economic process: the production process, distribution, circulation process, consumption process and reproduction process, i.e. the movement of property objects passes through five basic cycles of the universal process of production and reproduction of the economic process.
Of course, we do not have the opportunity to disassemble all these five cycles and compare their course with each other in terms of the forms of ownership for the capitalist and non-capitalist modes of production, but we will try to do this for the main objects of ownership: for the means of production and capital as a special form of means of production , which is the main agent of the owner in the process of circulation and reproduction of property objects.
The form of ownership is determined and characterized by three essential features: use, disposal and possession. In the ideal case, it MUST BE: what the form of use, the form of distribution, and the form of ownership, so must be the form of ownership. If this is not the case, then contradictions arise between the signs, which must be resolved. The change of each of the signs at the same two other ones is the change and form of ownership.
Therefore, if we assume that there are only two main forms of manifestation of the signs of ownership: private and public (state), then there will be six combinations of signs of ownership, and therefore forms of ownership.
If the signs of ownership are characterized by three forms, for example, still collective, then their combinations, and hence the forms of ownership, may be about two dozen. Consider briefly the characteristics of the main forms of ownership.
Private property in the classical style is a private (individual, family) form of use of property objects in the economic process and first of all in production: private disposal of it, both in the process of use and in the process of circulation, and finally, it is also private ownership. An example of such a classical form of ownership is the property of an artisan, a family bank, a family or individual outlet, a farmer, etc. with personal means of production and without wage labor, when one person or family manages all income.
Collective ownership is a collective form of use of property objects, for example, in a fishing cooperative in the process of fishing, a more complex collective work in a metalworking factory, where there is a very narrow specialization of labor.
With such a collective form of use of property, there must be both a collective disposal of property (a meeting or a Council elected by the meeting) and collective ownership of the property of the means of production and the products of labor (without hired workers) in the form of booms, stocks, etc. on collective ownership of property
For classic collective property is characteristic property that is indivisible, i.e. when dismissed from a collective, a former member of a collective does not receive its average conditional share of collective ownership, and wages and profit are distributed according to pre-approved collective norms or by a decision of the general meeting of the collective, depending on the amount of wages. The latter was applied, in its time, in some socialist countries as a bonus from profits.
The free funds allocated for the development of production in such collective enterprises act as collective capital, and the dividends from such capital are distributed proportionally to wages and are only labor-related.
But collective ownership can be divisible, i.e. in the event of dismissal, any member of the collective receives his share of collective ownership determined and accrued in one way or another on the means of production, and the incomes of members of collective ownership are derived from both the use of equipment and the use of labor. But THE INCOME FROM THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE is distributed only between the owners of COLLECTIVE PROPERTY IN KIND: the premiums from the profit, the dividends from the shares, i.e. income from the use of hired labor in such an enterprise is appropriated by the owner, even if he is not a member of the team and does not invest his work for income. Thus, the results of the labor of others are appropriated, and such capital is unearned, exploitative in nature.
But labor, and therefore wages, is also capital, and in the ideal case, the profit of an enterprise should be charged for payment both on production capital and on living labor, including wage labor: in the form of a premium from profit to wages or attributing invested in the production of profits on capital and on wages. In such an enterprise, even hired labor will not be exploited and such an enterprise can be considered ideal from the point of view of observing the economic interests of all participants in the economic process.
In the ideal case, the initial labor capital is the materialized past labor of the owner of capital or a relative who transferred capital, therefore the use of classical capital gives both labor (past labor) and unearned income (if it does not work in this joint-stock company).
In the shares of their own (collective) enterprise, income from the use of labor must also be included, i.e. labor dividends with the only difference that the owners of capitalist shares assign part or all of the income (surplus value) from invested in enterprises of labor, other people who have no shares or have much fewer shares. This is the essence of modern capitalist appropriation and exploitation of labor.
Thus, closed joint-stock companies (CJSC) without selling shares to non-members of the collective with collective indivisible and divisible property are the most ideal and civilized enterprises and in their essence are very different from joint-stock companies of a purely capitalist direction, although outwardly both of them use capital as the basis for the collection of available funds for financing
production in order to generate income from capital.
Classical net public (this is state or nationwide) property predetermines public ownership in the face of state elected bodies, and public use, i.e. any collectives of society can use objects of property, and public disposal, which is carried out not by individuals or collectives, but by bodies representing society.
Signs of any form of ownership are, are in themselves in one way or another more legal or economic, or psychological. So, from a legal point of view, the most important is a sign that determines who is the owner of the property objects, i.e. Ownership of property: from a legal point of view, it is decisive in determining the form of ownership.
On the economic side, the defining characteristic of the form of ownership is the form of use of objects of ownership; thus, the form of use predetermines the relations that arise in the production process or at other stages of the economic process.
On the psychological side, i.e. from the point of view of defining relationships between people, their relations to each other and society as a whole, the form of disposing of property prevails.
In practice, most often all these signs come into conflict with each other, and sometimes – into antagonistic. This is the power of the movement of property, the resolution of its contradictions, the evolutionary or revolutionary development of forms of ownership: from simpler to more complex.
In order to try to determine what the form of ownership in society should be without antagonistic contradiction within property itself, in production or in other economic relations, so that there is no capitalist (unearned) appropriation of the results of labor, consider the basic form of ownership now under capitalism and its internal contradiction and the trend of its development.
Property, for example, in such a developed capitalist market country as the USA, is divided approximately into the following components: share ownership makes up 60% of all property objects (of all capital), co-operative – 15% and private, in its classical form (without hired labor). or with limited wage labor), – 10%. First of all, these are family farms, small repair shops and services, small trading enterprises, although there are also large private enterprises, but, naturally, with enormous hired labor.
In an open or even closed joint-stock company in which the majority of shares are not owned by the production team and there are many wage workers who do not have these shares at all, the form of ownership is private, and the form of use is collective, the form of disposal is private-collective, i.e. share ownership is private-collective in nature: private in ownership, but collective in use and disposal.
Financial and productive capital hires labor, i.e. acquires essentially labor-owned property, and then appropriates part of the income from labor capital, not to mention income derived from sales of products at prices higher than the market average. In the latter case, part of the income from the labor or capital of the consumer is assigned.
In modern society, production is basically commodity, i.e. most of the products of labor are sold and not consumed by the manufacturer.
Goods, as a rule, are the product of the collective labor of an enterprise, a company, a joint-stock company, a cooperative, etc.
Assigning the results of collective labor is a difficult way, but in the end it is carried out depending on the investment of private labor and capital. The latter is the product of materialized, frozen, past labor.
Thus, the main contradiction, which is at the same time the main driving force of the capitalist mode of production, is the contradiction between the collective nature of the production or use of capital and the private form of appropriating the results of collective labor, the products of labor.
The dialectical course of its resolution leads to more and more collective, and even social, forms of appropriating the results of collective labor, i.e. the dialectic of non-antagonistic elimination of contradiction should lead to more and more social forms of appropriation, contradictions should lead to an ever more collective degree of ownership of property, to an ever more collective degree of disposal of objects of ownership, i.e. to more and more collective forms of ownership of the means of production, labor and capital, since production goes towards more and more collective forms.
It is obvious that a non-exploiting and civilized society, we will call such a society, in which there is no mass appropriation of part or all of the income from living labor (usually hired labor) as a separate relatively small part of this society.
And this is possible if there is no capital in the economic system at all. But in the near foreseeable future, commodity production will remain, and since commodity production presupposes the isolation (according to commodity producers) of production and finance capital, in the foreseeable future capital will remain in the economic system, which means completely eliminate exploitation while preserving commodity production, market system and free enterprise impossible. It is possible only to limit the limits of the influence of capital, to limit the growth of its concentration, to reduce wage labor to a minimum.
The last two to three hundred years (now, and I think that in the future not less than two hundred years), production is, firstly, of a commodity nature, and secondly, of a collective nature, i.e. The main unit of production is an enterprise, a labor collective, although huge conglomerates are created from production collectives or joint-stock vertical dependence, which was mentioned earlier.
Thus, the use of property objects is collective in nature, the disposal of property also has collective features in many respects: the company’s board, board of directors, shareholders meeting, etc., which means that in order to avoid contradiction within the property itself, so that the possession is collective, i.e. that the form of ownership was more collective.
At the same time, as we noted earlier, property can be an indivisible collective one, when property objects belong to the collective as a whole, and when leaving, a member of the collective cannot take “his share” of collective property. The income at such an enterprise from joint activities is divided (and distributed) into production, social and personal and everything is determined by the team itself, and the latter, as a rule, depending on the quantity and quality of work according to standards and rates determined by the team itself.
The head of such an enterprise is elected (MUST SHOULD BE ELECTED) by direct secret voting of all members of the team, and the heads and specialists of structural divisions are elected by the teams of the relevant divisions.
In such an enterprise, no employee can be employed without a Council, i.e. labor collective, i.e. the collective nature of ownership requires an adequate degree of democracy.
But collective ownership can be divisible. It can be obtained as a result of accounting for the share of annual financial investments of enterprises (firms) that go to the development of production, i.e. for the acquisition of property objects, for each member of the team, in proportion to the wages for the same period, accounting for existing properties already purchased, in proportion to the total and company experience, and the distribution of accumulated depreciation charges to the same accounts of each member of the team the principle is observed: whoever earned how much property, he received so much.
This property is already possible to get each member of the team, but only with the dismissal. Divisible collective ownership may be non-equity (accounting, accounting) and joint-stock, when shares are issued for the entire property and for the increase in ownership and each member receives his share of the shares and the corresponding dividends.
Thus, with this form of ownership, the main contradiction in the modern capitalist system is eliminated: the contradiction between the collective nature of production and the private form of ownership, and, therefore, appropriation.
This contradiction is replaced by a different, but less antagonistic one: the contradiction between the collective nature of production and partly private, with shared collective ownership or, in part, the individual form of appropriating some of the products or other results of labor, if the enterprise has wage labor.
And, in this way, the exploitative, unearned nature of appropriation is eliminated. And the contradiction within collective ownership should objectively lead to further improvement of the distribution, i.e. improvement of estimates of the quantity and quality of labor invested within the team by each of its members.
An economic system based on collective ownership continues and uses the advanced aspects of the developed capitalist market systems: it fits perfectly into the universal market and commodity production; the commodity in it is not only labor (it is both labor and master). This system also uses capital as a means of gathering free financial assets for investing them in the most profitable industries.
The effectiveness of collective ownership in production will not be due to the receipt and appropriation by owners of private capital of super profits (the maximum possible profit), but due to the combination in one person or individuals and the manufacturer, i.e. the engine of the means of production, and the owner. This principle of combination is also laid down in farms and, therefore, they still remain an effective form of farming, i.e. as in the case of collective property, the property belongs to the one or those who set them in motion.
The presence of effective collective ownership even in such developed capitalist countries as the United States, in an amount approximately equal to the size of a small country, and its high efficiency where private or equity capital did not have an effect (mainly in heavy mining and processing industries: mines , plants for the primary processing of raw materials and materials, metallurgical enterprises, etc.), shows a great prospect of collective ownership. In essence, this is the maturing of new economic relations within the framework of the old commodity-capitalist, that is, it is an evolutionary path of development of the modern economic market system.
Mass was collective ownership in countries such as Yugoslavia, Hungary. Sweden, which has shown not only its capacity on a national scale, but also high efficiency at certain stages of development, on an international scale.
Eliminating the main economic misunderstandings inherent in exploitative capital, collective ownership and labor capital at the same time have the opportunity to freely and effectively dock with other forms of ownership, and labor capital by transferring from a closed joint-stock company (with shareholders only from the labor collective) or from self-governed associate enterprise to an open and semi-open joint-stock company, freely facilitates the transition from an indivisible or divisible collective tive ownership – to any other forms of ownership: to private – by selling bankrupt enterprises, to cooperative – by attracting entrance shares, to shareholder – by issuing shares on existing property or additional capital.
At the same time, enterprises of any form of ownership may, if necessary, move into self-managed collective enterprises. This can be done most easily for state-owned enterprises – through a legislative act on its transfer to a collective one, followed by capitalization of property according to the principle: who has worked for years or wages, has that much in collective ownership.
For example, any beginning cooperative enterprise may adopt such a charter or change its charter so that it will already have the form of a pure, self-managed collective enterprise with shared collective property. And the numerical growth of any cooperative, with the introduction of a strict norm of restriction of wage labor, essentially will force them to move to a collective form of ownership. Yes, and any cooperative, if not based only on the family principle, i.e. they work and are members of a cooperative and not family members; there is the first, most simple form of collective ownership.
Thus, at this stage, the simplest and most effective way of denationalizing public property is the transfer of the majority of state-owned enterprises to the indivisible collective property of the workforce, followed (by the team’s wish) by personalizing the share of collective ownership of the team members, and then the shareholders or shareholders.
Such a privatization scheme has indisputable advantages over any other.
AND NOW IN ANY COUNTRY OF THE WORLD it is POSSIBLE to stimulate the creation of enterprises with collective property through tax policies: reducing the tax on the income of a collective enterprise in comparison with other types of enterprises. The same policy must be carried out in Russia. In addition, it is necessary to transfer the bankrupt enterprises, in Russia it is mostly private or joint-stock companies, into collective ownership, and confiscate all personal and productive capital and real estate of the managers and owners of the BANKRETTING ENTERPRISE, up to the third generation: direct generation (father, mother, son , daughter) – without trial, i.e. by the first court, by the second generation (grandfather, grandson) – by a special court, and the third generation) – in case of urgent need and only after a court decision.
But the most important thing is not to fine and withdraw funds from the enterprise, but to transfer the enterprise to collective or state ownership (with the gradual repayment of the debt) WITH MIXED FORMS OF PROPERTY.
But the main problem in Russia is the merger of bureaucratic, oligarchic and business structures. Virtually every governor, mayor, chairmen of district, regional, republican Councils or Doom, Governments and their deputies, and MINISTERS are both businessmen, use their position in this (passive corruption) to the maximum, and all THEIR firms are registered for nominees noted above . To get rid of this, it is necessary, as the wound was proposed, to transfer the control authorities to OTHER remuneration and centralization, i.e. subordination only to his superior body, not local authority. Moreover, for non-payment of taxes, bribery, corruption, etc., do not imprison, but confiscate property and money, and transfer production property to collective ownership.
Of course, a joint stock company can be considered almost collective property, if not:
– the presence of a controlling stake,
– absence of enterprise councils,
– the lack of rights of hired labor.
Therefore, the share ownership at this stage we refer to private, not collective property. How it can become a collective one will be additionally shown in the next chapter.
Thus, having missed the opportunity to create harmonious societies during perestroika in the USSR, humanity and the current civilization are at a standstill. How to get out of this impasse, we will try to show in the following chapters.
Thus, it can be said that, both in Russia and in other CIS countries, privatization, or rather the privatization of public property, went and now is also being held, is fundamentally wrong: first, the state should try its best to create a collective enterprise, as a last resort , JSC, and then conduct private privatization.
A concrete example of a wrong decision is the creation of an All-Russian and only enterprise for the production and export of aluminum, Rusal. Yes, foreign firms in this area, and not only in this area, are very large and this step seems to be justified, otherwise it would have been impossible to compete with them in the world market.
But it could be done in another way: leaving at least three firms in Russia independent for internal competition, and creating a joint export firm from the capitals of all these three firms.
6. Fundamentally new wage system of state bodies (budget organizations) in any country *
Bribery, embezzlement, dispersal and inefficiency of many state and local funds completely paralyzed the progressive process, especially in the former republics of the USSR and the Soviet Steelworker. Yes, and astronomical, more than 15 trillion. dollars, the national debt of the US government, also says that in all countries there are global antagonistic processes.
Global commodity production requires remuneration of its participants. And wages in commodity production should depend on the quantity and quality of labor. The amount of labor is determined by the hours of work or the number of generation (production norms). PAYMENT OF SUCH LABOR (in commodity production) IS DETERMINED BY A FRIENDLY PREMIUM FORM OF LABOR PAYMENT. The same form must be entered when paying for state employees.
In addition to direct elections by the relevant voters, all state bodies should receive piecework-premium payment to the existing rates and salaries. It makes no sense to raise salaries out of touch with the results of work. This is especially true of the regulatory authorities associated with funds coming into the budget.
So, if the controlling authorities, for example, the tax service, returned hidden taxes to the treasury, then a fine can be transferred up to 30-50% (left at the disposal of the tax service) to its account for its own use, including for additional pay (wages) performers from regulatory agencies.
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*-for more details on the example of Russia, see the author’s monograph “How to get rid of bureaucracy and corruption in Russia (about the need for a new system of labor in the state organizations of the Russian Federation)” (lecture number 8 – in Russian)
Moreover, some of these contributions, for example in Russia and in all federal countries, should go to the federal budget, part to the territorial bodies, and the rest to the bodies that carried out the check and at least half of the last part should go to the direct additional payment directly to the performers. Of course, in all cases, the violator should have the right to challenge in court and until the court decision can not take his money, ESPECIALLY FINALS.
The Customs Service has THREE well-known FEATURES: DO NOT MISS THE CONTROL GUN, INCLUDING AND DRUGS, ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SAFETY AND AS QUICKLY AND OPERATIVELY MAINTAIN THE APPLICATION. It should be noted that in addition to the second, with other functions in the countries of Eastern Europe, including in Russia, the customs service is doing poorly. And the fault of all is the independence of their work remuneration from the work results. Therefore, the customs of these countries are always undeserved queues and serviced by passing very slowly. To improve the work of customs, the salary of customs officers should depend on the number of cars served and customers, and for each detection of smuggling or incorrectly executed documents – an additional substantial premium, as well as a reduction in the premium for each smuggling inside the country after the representation of other regulatory bodies or the trial of smugglers.
But Customs has another important function: to identify the true price, as if
both imported and exported goods, since duties and VAT on them depend on it. Now most of the import prices are lowered, then customs duty and VAT will be lowered, and even smuggling goods, which makes it possible to trade without documents, and therefore without paying subsequent taxes to the budget. Obviously, there should be a premium payment for each case of detection of a low export-import price. Now this premium comes in the form of a bribe of about 35% percent of the hidden value, but then the goods go into the shadow economy, the business does not pay further taxes, and the state budget does not receive them. Isn’t it better to do the opposite: the state pays these thirty-five percent to customs, but it sharply reduces the shadow economy and increases payments to the budget.
Those bodies that deal with payment (money reception): immigration services, BTI, housing ZhEKI (management firms), etc., must also have a wage link with the money received and then there will be no queues, no bribery, no fake firms, no fake certificates, no intermediate parasitic firms. And so all authorities should work and be paid: from local to federal authorities. And then corruption, etc. will disappear or become minimal, and taxes (budget revenues) in any country will increase by very high numbers, in some countries up to 50%.
In addition, the chairmen of housing offices (management companies) must be elected by the relevant population, and then corruption in them will practically disappear.
Strict and widespread confiscation of illegally acquired property, and not prison, for all financial irregularities should be introduced. For this, the special services at the BTI should be checked and clarified the actual value of all real estate in the country, with a premium payment to these services in% of the adjusted (additionally increased) cost, on account of the premium payment to these services: BTI, FTS, TNS and others.
The radical restructuring must go through and the courts. Firstly, it is necessary to introduce and conduct direct elections by the population of the Chairmen of the Courts in each district court, first by 3, then by 5, and then by 8 years, which should receive a salary 10 times more than the average now. And also to introduce simple judges a premium payment upon returning state funds, as well as the funds of the plaintiff.
In addition, it is necessary to separate (release) the procurator from the part of the work, they should deal only with public funds and the affairs and affairs of minors and represent them in the courts. The rest of the cases in the courts should be submitted by the investigating authorities and receive a premium payment, as in the above mentioned bodies.
Such a comprehensive system of piecework-premium payment of government agencies will reduce all
adverse events to a minimum, and replenish the state budget by 2-3 times more than now, will increase the efficiency of public investment in the economy, especially it is important for tax, customs, sanitary-epidemiological, fire, labor inspection and services.
All these services should work according to the principle: “not to punish, but to help to work correctly”. To do this, their checks should go sequentially according to this scheme:
– at the first check, indicate all shortcomings, and if they are not indicated at the first check, then the first principle is applied during the second check,
– at repeated check the penalty at a rate of 50% from the stipulated size is imposed by the legislation,
– after the third check – the uncorrected defect is penalized in full, with all subsequent ones – twice or more.
Many government services charge for certain services. Therefore, their wages should be only piecework-bonus:
– to each performer the salary should be charged from the amount of the received money (working out the salary),
– and in case of overfulfilment of the money receipt plan – a certain bonus,
– to heads, at performance of the plan – bonus certain in advance.
At the same time, an important point for democratization (which is not currently available in most countries, including Russia), the accrual of fines by the supervising bodies, should be the possibility of any bodies, especially economic agents, protest in court the decisions of these bodies and withdrawing from the finance accounts only after court
Many services (not directly related to money) can be transferred to the SPOT according to the plan for performing receptions (people, receipts, documents, etc., etc., etc., etc.) and, when executing the plan, issue bonuses from the service fund.
Piece-bonus wages (SPOT) of public sector workers can practically be implemented in any department, subdivision of state institutions and even in joint state-private enterprises, etc. and the like. And this will lead to:
– to a drastic reduction of the shadow economy, if the labor inspectorate, registration and customs services are transferred to STR,
– to a sharp increase in the revenue part of the budget, if you add to the previous tax inspection,
– to increase investments several times, if the police services, territorial governments and anti-corruption bodies are transferred to the ACT.
On the latter services, you need to stop in more detail. As some recent inspections (2015-2016) of the last services show, only the workers of these services have at least one trillion rubles in the whole of the Russian Federation who, instead of working on the economy, lie without moving in the rails, not to mention about their relatives. But, since this money is illegal, they cannot freely enter the economy in the form of investments, and this is the most negative phenomenon in the economy under the conditions of a bureaucratic system.
If the same money all these civil servants earn in the form of piece-bonus payments, then the economy of any country, especially Russia, will greatly increase and Russia will become a truly global economic power.
The bonus payment system currently used at state-owned enterprises in the specific economy of the Russian Federation is not only not perfect, but absolutely bureaucratic, since it is necessary:
– Legislatively (adopted by decree of the government of the country) clearly define the accrual mechanism and economic indicators for this,
– reward the entire management of the economic agent (enterprises, associations, state and mixed firms, etc.) to the most primary units, as well as enterprise specialists (including workers) who contributed to the achievement of economic indicators,
– to approve the bonus fund at the general meeting of the collective or on the enterprise’s Council, if there is such an elected body,
– to include in it (FUND OF PRIZE) employees of state structures who have made a certain contribution to good indicators of a state enterprise (OR – GIVEN IT TO THE FUND FOR PREMIUMING OF GOVERNMENTAL GOVERNING BODIES).
As a SPECIFIC EXAMPLE, one can also take a piece-rate bonus payment to combat violators of road rules in the CIS. Due to the ineffectiveness of the struggle, almost all CIS countries, including Russia, are increasing penalties for violating traffic rules (focusing on heavy fines in Western countries, but forgetting that wages in the CIS countries are 10-15 times less than there), but there is still no result in any CIS country, because too high fines are, on the contrary, an incentive for bribery: instead of 1000 rubles, it is profitable for the violator to pay a bribe of 200 rubles the state is more profitable not its s and to earn.
And if the police were paid 20% of this fine, he would earn the same money, the state (budget) would get a little less, and the offender would know about the inevitability of punishment.
In the past five years it has become fashionable in the CIS countries, incl. and in the Russian Federation, COMBATING AGAINST SMOKING, BUT IT DOES NOT GIVE EFFICIENCY, and will not, since no one is interested in its implementation:
– the police because they do not pay for it,
– managers of coffee, etc., because it requires additional costs, but there is no benefit, there are even losses from a decrease in attendance,
– smokers practically cannot be smoked anywhere: neither at home, nor on the balcony, nor on the street, nor in the park, nor on the sidewalk, nor in public places, only in special places or under the bridge.
To improve this event, in addition to the piece-bonus payment for the police, it is necessary:
– to allow smoking on the sidewalks, a few meters from the entrances, stops and special sites at all ends of the parks,
– allow the heads of public places (catering, transport, recreation, etc.) to fine violators themselves, and also with 30% assignment of the fine value,
And in case of refusal to pay the fine, it is necessary to call the police with an increase in the two tariffs of the fine and the official division of the 30% fine between the police and the enterprise.
Especially important in any state is control over the quality of food. This control is exercised (must be exercised) by many public services:
– we have already decided on customs officers and sanitary control when importing them at the border and on the payment of these civil servants, since these modern services let in a lot of food without paying taxes and half the shadow economy of any country rests on this: in Russia it is ethyl alcohol, sugar and much more,
– the sanitary epidemic of the plant for the production inside the country, which, as a rule, controls after some kind of epidemic, and the daily (in batches) control is formal, because they are not interested in this,
– Departments (management) for food quality control.
The last control is especially weak and especially important in food production, because every line and batch must be controlled. At the same time it is very important to control the composition of food products and its conformity on accompanying documents and packages. The latter, practically in no CIS country, incl. and in Russia, it is not controlled, and even more so, the correctness of the data on the packaging is not controlled and everything is given to the producers’ conscience, and the manufacturers do not and cannot have a conscience, since they have only one thing – profit.
To improve the control, a special service is needed at some department, which still needs to work with state institutions of nutrition and quality control, which should monitor not only the quality of production, but also transportation, storage and sale. The last three phases are practically not controlled in any CIS country. The implementation is still somehow controlled by the consumer himself or the media, mainly television, and, as a rule, after the fact of implementation, not before that.
The state services available in all CIS countries, the so-called Consnadzor, including Rospotrebnadzor, are practically inactive, since their salary does not depend on their quantity and the quality of their work, and they are only engaged in bribery. At best, and only after repeated complaints, they can check out some stores, but retail stores, especially wholesale, they rarely check, and only the return stores receive for not checking or hiding bad, and sometimes criminal quality. Therefore, they can be called not “Consumer supervision”, including the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Surveillance, but “CONSUMPTION”.
THEY SHOULD CONDUCT PERMANENT CONTROL in the agricultural production, in the warehouses for the storage of these products (bases, sorting bases, etc.), in the processing industry and in food production enterprises. But this is not.
And, IF THEY WERE RECEIVED PRIZES AND WAGES FROM EACH STRATCH, THEN THEIR WORK WOULD BE CHANGED IN THE NATURAL IMAGE and then they would earn not for harboring poor quality, but vice versa.
Practically no one controls the sale of goods with an expired shelf life or the change (knocking over) of the production and shelf life. AND THIS IS ALREADY A CLEAN CRIMINAL CASE, and they should be dealt with, except for all the above services and the police. But name at least one example, so that a client from the CIS countries would call the police about this, would she come and arrest the goods and the culprit? Of course not.
And all this is because the former know that the police will not come, and the latter do not come, because although there is a threat to health, and perhaps a person’s life, the police do not pay for it. But if a part of the penalty for the violation leading to a threat to health or, even more, to a person’s life, would go to the payroll police, the police would come on such calls and penalize violators, not to mention food quality controllers, if 30 % of the fine was for premium payment.
It is very important to allow (legalize) the official arrival of various gifts, gifts, thanksgiving, etc. in all government structures, incl. and in medicine, school, orphanages, kindergartens, etc., and officially pay 10-20% of those who received material assistance. Everything should be legalized.
Especially important is the quality control of food products, especially food, in primary production: agricultural (in fruits, vegetables, pods, etc.) and processing industry (flour, milk, butter, etc.), which is practically not carried out in any country in the world.
After all, the permissible amount of harmful substances in potatoes can be found even in the field (as in any other agricultural crop) and issue passports and regulate their use (prohibit use in the food industry or use only for fattening cattle) already in the field, and even better – in the ground during crop growth, determining the maximum amount of pesticides, herbicides and non-natural (chemically artificial) fertilizers in it. Has Rosselkhoznadzor or any agricultural supervision in the CIS made it at least once? It seems that – no, and this is significant.
The permissible and unacceptable content of harmful substances in particleboard and other plates and materials can be found even at the woodworking plant. So why are they released outside the enterprise and, moreover, the content of harmful substances in the documents for each batch leaving the plant or furniture factory is not indicated? There is only one answer: only because no one is paid for this work. But, if someone is paid big salaries, then they should be piece-rate bonuses and punishable (reduced) for poor work.
Ethyl alcohol, coconut oil and PALM oil, etc. are brought from abroad, etc. and should be clearly indicated when this is their parameters and the inscription: is it a food or technical product? AND IT IS NECESSARY TO FOLLOW THIS ALL OVER THE ROAD OF TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE, and now in most of the CIS countries, EVEN THE CONTROLLING ORGANS DON’T KNOW THAT THERE IS A FUEL TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD OIL, and from what oil products come from in countries, they do not come from other countries. and in the Russian Federation, they do not control. Moreover, palm oil is brought to the Far East, and then transported across the whole of Russia and the CIS countries to the railway. tanks from under fuel and lubricants and nobody cares. And the content of ethyl alcohol transported through the Caucasus to Russia and the CIS countries is HARMFUL AND NOT ACCEPTABLE TO FOOD CONSUMPTION, as well as technical alcohol produced within these countries.
In the CIS countries, including and in the Russian Federation, it is not known from which alcohol products are produced in the shadow economy, but the state cannot stop this huge illegal economy.
Neither ROSPOTREBNADZOR, nor the Rosselkhoznadzor control all of this, and dozens of types and a thousand tons of food products are made from technical coconut oil and alcohol, poisoning during consumption the organism of consumers.
And, if you introduce a premium wage for Rosselkhoznadzor employees for each detected ton of agricultural product with excess hazardous substances in them STILL on the field (indicated in the documents: invoices, etc.), then:
– we will exempt from checking agricultural products in dozens of warehouses, bases, processing plants, etc., but if violations were found on the latter and from a specific agricultural producer and field, the latter (manufacturer and Agricultural Supervision) are fined and paid bonuses to employees “Consortium”,
– we immediately protect hundreds of wholesalers of wholesale bases and “consumer supervision” from total inspection of each product and each batch from a particular manufacturer, storage, etc., since they should bear a check mark, and if violations are found, they should be punished not only the suppliers, but also the relevant workers of consumer supervision and selkhonadzor, and paid bonuses to the inspecting employees of the wholesale bases, as well as the regulatory authorities who had missed these violations were fined,
– we protect one thousand retailers and bases from bad products, and, if they bear the corresponding marks, then products can be checked once a week or a month, as is now done during random checks of product quality in bazaars and shops, as every day they are impossible to carry out quality control.
The same should be with the import of food: total control at the entrance to the country, piece-rate bonus and penalties for all regulatory authorities throughout the food chain.
The same piece-rate premium payment of WORKERS of regulatory bodies (for example, Roskachestvo in Russia) must also be introduced to control the quality of non-food products, especially when they are produced and that the quality information on the accompanying documents and labels is consistent. SPO labor must also be introduced in construction, in the sphere of public services, ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT – in ECOLOGY and, in general – everywhere.
Features of SPOT in the environmental supervision is that the piecework-premium payment should be not only and not so much in fines for violations in the field of ecology, but also for the prevention of environmental violations. Naturally, such calculations should be carried out by independent specialists and bodies: for growth in the number of flora and fauna (annual premiums in the amount of 30% of the market value of the growth in numbers, including for related companies: forestry, water supervision, veterinary services, scientific institutions and etc.), for the prevention of environmental damage (for the cost of eliminating it), etc., etc.
Any harmful substance, product, etc., including drugs, you can find out through what border it was transported, when and who worked at that time. But have you heard at least once that you would be punished for customs officers, at least financially, for poor (or especially bad) work? And this is observed in any CIS country, including in Russia.
Thus, in order to improve only the quality of food products, complex piecework-premium wages of many state services are needed, with financial, administrative and criminal punishment, and without this it is impossible to create a normal economic system in a state, especially a civilized society.
Specific is the remuneration in school education and medicine. Public medicine, like pensions, FIRST OF ALL, will help a sharp reduction in the shadow economy and an increase in this connection of deductions for insurance medicine (for sick leave, etc.) and pension benefits.
To improve medical care, it is necessary to expand, and where there is no, to introduce, expanded payment for medical services at the expense of clients (population) and, thus, reduce “gratitude”, unofficial payment, money-raising, or even simple bribes. But it is necessary to increase state aid and expand services for rare and expensive operations in order to reduce their payment, and in most cases – to conduct them free of charge and reduce the queues to the hospital minimum, especially for children, the disabled, etc., etc.
To do this, you must enter a single queue of service, especially complex and expensive operations, and the payment is carried out as follows:
– up to a certain level of cost of service to do it at the expense of the state,
– more expensive operations – at the expense of insurance medicine, all other services, if the disease does not directly threaten life, then for:
Social groups (people with disabilities, children under 14 years old, pensioners, the poor, with a per capita income in the family below the subsistence level (with a certificate from the local authorities) – free of charge,
– for clients with incomes up to the average wage – 25% of the cost of services,
– well-to-do, with per capita income above average and taking into account the costs of medical services, kindergartens, etc. (i.e., these costs are deducted from income), – 50% of the cost,
– willing to pay 100% – in the queue, if there are no other candidates for this day.
Thus, in a hospital, all medical services should be assessed, their cost, and the state should pay for medical services by piece rate, after deducting services paid by the population or economic agents. This will be called piecework payment for medical services. The cost of services should be revised no more than once a year, and then after the cost of medicines for the previous year or under contracts for the next.
The current salaries for hospital workers should be the minimum wage, the remaining increase – from the
specific output of each member at the rates adopted at the general meeting of the team.
And then it will be indifferent to hospitals to view services, since either the state or the patient will pay for them. Now government hospitals use government money, trying to provide services only to those who pay in cash, so in many cases taxes are not paid.
For clinics, the salary must be from the number of accepted clients or at least a certain bonus.
In order to improve school education, no piecework-premium payment will not help, since this work needs only to be loved, and even there it is necessary to stimulate more schoolchildren, and not just teachers. For the latter, the average school wage can be considered as the most optimal, so that it is equal, should be equal, the average salary in the region, and the average salary in medicine should be equal to the average salary in the real economy, and the average salary for high officials in the field Education, medicine and insurance should be equal to the average salary of officials in the real economy, and this work, like work in elected bodies, should be loved and worked honestly for the benefit of society.
In order to stimulate schoolchildren to better studies, it is necessary, among other things:
– introduce compulsory and free (state) education only for incomplete secondary education and private incomplete secondary education should not be: ONLY THEN, at age 14, a person, even though a minor, can at least somehow choose his own future, IE IT IS NECESSARY TO ALLOW ALL NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TO BE TAKEN ON ACCOUNT ONLY AFTER THE END OF THE PUBLIC NON-COMPLETE MEDIUM (GYMNASAL) EDUCATION.
– to the state to provide free secondary special education in any educational institution of the country for everyone in any part of the country, subject to passing the entrance examinations for positive marks (without a competition), it is natural to allow departmental, private and other educational institutions: paid and free,
– to introduce scholarships, both in high schools, for senior (non-gymnasium) schoolchildren in good and excellent grades, both at state (compulsory) and non-state schools,
– to introduce payment in middle classes of state schools (lyceums) for retake negative assessments (quarter, semester and annual), at the expense of the student, i.e. its owners, part of which must go directly to the school, part of the teachers who take the re-exam, some to increase the scholarship to good students
– to ensure free attendance at state universities for all applicants from any school in the country who passed the entrance exams for good and excellent and received only one satisfactory grade (without a competition), in all universities there should be exams of no more than four school subjects.
Such a comprehensive system and piecework premium payment will make it possible to achieve in the future the harmonious development of society and its members, in any country, state and all of Earth’s civilization as a whole and there is no other alternative.
Particularly, piecework-premium payment is important for Russia, where practically bureaucracy, business, and theft of budget funds, especially large state funds, are united, sometimes in one organization, and sometimes even in one person.
In order to put into practice and practice of all budget organizations all the above mentioned measures on piece-bonus wage of budget organizations (SPOTBO) in the Russian Federation it is necessary, of course, to create many legislative acts at all levels: federal, regional and local. At the same time, the main principles should be followed, including those previously mentioned:
– to what extent were previously unofficially paid for the services of budget organizations, they should be formalized at that approximate size,
– the principle of not harming the economic agent should be observed, but help to correctly charge taxes, comply with sanitary and environmental standards, customs and other legislation,
– all revenues of budgetary organizations should be distributed not only vertically, as it was noted earlier, but also by application: 25% – for executors on piecework-premium payment, 25% – for payment of executives of this budget unit and 50% – for its development ,
In order to implement such a revolutionary SPOTBO in the country, a federal law is needed, the relevant Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and even the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on holding such SPOTBO. In the decree, the most important thing is to decide in which areas and s to conduct: it’s best to start immediately in the entire budgetary sphere, but we must start, at least, from the control bodies where we deal with monetary and financial operations, then where there is piecework and end with employees and deputies of all bodies.
In the end., ELECTORAL, LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE BODIES will strive to get not those who love money and power, but those who sincerely want to work for the good of society, their city and people, with a small financial compensation, and not freaks who they take bribes and steal, but keep money in suitcases with relatives, keep billions from relatives without moving and cannot stop anyway.
THE GOVERNMENT POTENTIAL SHOULD BE INDICATED of the main principles of paying for state employees, mentioned earlier in this work, the main digital indicators for industries and utilities, types of reports, controllers and paid services.
Then, Government Decrees on its main structural divisions (ministries and departments) and developed by them are necessary, which necessarily take into account the above principles given in the Resolution, and then dozens, or perhaps hundreds, of legislative acts and decisions on regions and specific territorial budget structural divisions and organizations.
Moreover, for some state employees this will (should be) piecework payment, for others it will be premium, but for the majority of public sector workers (from medical professionals to ministers) you can make (implement) a piecework premium payment.
If it is right and most important to honestly conduct all these legislative acts, then none of the state employees and, especially, economic agents will be offended and all state employees will (must be) satisfied. And the country will not only receive colossal financial assets, which are now being exported abroad or lie in inaction in “stockings” by entire warehouses, but also – a harmonious civilization.
In the US, there are other problems. A group of people, the so-called BELDARVEYSKY CLUB controls and commands not only across America, but also tries – the whole world and, of course, only in their own interests (although these interests in learning and management of all the world, is totally insane and THIS mafia CLUB IT IS NOT ONLY CLOSE AND BANNED, BUT AND ALL ITS ORGANIZERS AND LEADERS SEND TO SPECIAL CAMP FOR THE SMALL), which is a complete worldwide antagonistic contradiction of modern civilization, and MEANS – this management is persistently leading to death not only that club, but maybe America, as a country, and even threatens with the death of all modern, albeit unimportant, but still civilization, and CAN BE AND ALL of Humanity.
How to get rid of the domination of the American financial oligarchy and the domination of multinational companies, we consider in the third chapter.
For China, the most important direction in improving its society, although all the proposed measures are also relevant, as we have noted earlier – this is the denationalization of public property and the creation on this basis of enterprises with a collective form of property.
7. The main mover of progress.
“I know that poetry is nothing;
That only science is an effective force. ”
(DG Byron, Don Juan. Canto 10 verse 3)
From the scheme (1) we see that only activities in the field of science and invention always act in the direction of the vector of progress.
Of course, over time, the invention of the first bronze ax, when it was possible not only to cut down a tree with an ax, but also to kill people, but, nevertheless, it became possible to build houses en masse, the progress of humanity began, but, truth, in a violent form *. And even in the twentieth century, especially in its first half, most of science went to military preparations, but, nevertheless, there is practically no invention or discovery in science that would not benefit man, and bad decisions are made by politicians and state leaders, gangsters and simply inadequate people.
The United States alone in Vietnam destroyed more than 3 million civilians, for the fact that the head of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh signed agreements with China and the Soviet Union, but before that he had asked to do this 3 times in writing with the United States, but the fourth time he went to America representation, but they still refused to deal with it.
We already know well that practically there is no production without harmful consequences, and in this sense, not all production follows the path of complete progress.
* – see the author’s book for more details. “Ways of 21st Century Evolution”
In order for this to be, it is necessary that it be either completely waste-free or with full recycling. And there is no fault of scientists and inventors, designers and builders, and the guilt of those who make the decision: managers and politicians, since all current technologies allow making completely waste-free environmentally friendly production that is absolutely clean.
It is clear that not all art acts in the direction of progress, there are even such works of “art” that make a normal person sick of them: like a cartoon about poop. If they told more about the processes of internal digestion or about other medical issues, or about their fertilizers, then such cartoons could be endured somehow, but they tell about the love of poop.
As for the media and politicians, as a rule, they go side by side, and, as a rule, express the interests of the ruling classes, certain strata and clans, so they can be 20-25 percent true. There is not a single media, so that it does not conceal information by 50%, OR, AT THE EXTREME CASE, SHOWED ONLY THE GOOD PARTIES OF ITS OWNERS. Therefore, the mass media and politicians mostly do little for the progress of mankind.
State institutions and employees of local self-government, even if they ideally fulfill their duties and laws, they are conservative, since they have just published a law, even the most advanced, it is becoming outdated every day and, as a rule, central and local authorities are pulling in different directions, first of all, money – only for its budgets, from which the effectiveness of decisions, and therefore progress, suffers. We are not talking about corruption, bribery and the theft of budget money.
But the main conservative are the central or more precisely, higher bodies. Unfortunately, it so happened historically that the central authorities of any country have at least 60% of the state budget (public) money, regional is less than half, and local – no more than 10-15%. But in a harmonious society, everything should be the other way around: 60% of public funds should be directed to local authorities, and no more than 15% should be allocated to valuable funds.
And then the overwhelming number of settlements would now be in the amount of 50-150 thousand people and there would not be today’s thousands of poorly built small villages, villages and towns, and even farms, and indestructible ulcers, cancerous tumors, on the body of the Earth – cities of millionaires .
Of course, those local deputies (and it is necessary that at all deputy levels, half of the deputies would be non-liberated employees of elected bodies and then they would not climb behind the chairs, fame and money, but would study only progressive laws in their free time, with deputy salaries, in half less than the current), which are not released from their post to the deputy position, the deputies will (should be) the most progressive part of state power.
So it was in the Soviet Union and the countries of people’s democracy, only they (the deputies) were formal and for them everything was decided by the central government, one party and the higher leadership.
There is no doubt that religion at this stage of human development, and always earlier,
there is a relic of the past of imperfect consciousness and the level of science, and is the complete opposite of science, although it has a small positive effect: it tries to educate people as much as possible with lesser sins, i.e. commit as few negative things as possible, but all this is based on the fear of hell. Therefore, can not be considered normal.
But, if a person sinned a lot, and then came to church or even built it, then the rest should forgive him: deception, rudeness, theft, or, especially, murder? And the church has nothing to do with it: the thug should be in prison, and the thief – dispossessed, etc., etc. *.
* For more details, see lecture 7, clause 3 “Methods for determining the level of democracy in a country” developed by the author of this course of lectures.
So, summing up, it can be stated that in today’s societies (in any country), those who drive the progress of humanity (civilization) in the most correct way (see chart 1) are the most offended segments of society.
First, ideas and formulas can be stolen very easily, and inventions still have intelligence and theft services. As a rule, nobody knows about real talents and geniuses (with rare exceptions), especially on a global scale *.
Who knows the inventor of the personal computer from the USSR Gorokhov and the American who brought this idea to life and received only 50 thousand dollars and left for the wilderness, and his invention Bill Geyts and a friend were sold to IBM FOR MILLION DOLLARS and now Geytsa is called a computer genius, although geniuses in computers were completely different people?
* -for more details see the unpublished monograph of the author of this course of lectures “On geniuses and imaginary geniuses”
Who knows the Soviet inventor of the mobile phone Kupriyanovich, who created and used it 15 years before America? Who knows another Soviet genius, who for 10 years tried to include the invention of digital television in his work plan, while the Japanese did not apply his idea in the field of photographic equipment and many others? Even the author of this book has forgotten the name of this genius, although in the eighties of the last century he had been pursuing a decade from the USSR Academy of Sciences of MEANS TO DEVELOP HIS INVENTION.
Therefore, in a civilized society, it is necessary to fundamentally change the legislation in the field of science and invention: in invention patents in any company must specify all participants of the invention and, if the patent is registered with the company, then such a patent must be valid (retained by the company) not more than 5 or, more precisely, after five years, each of the participants of the invention, whose surname is indicated in the patent, should have the right to dispose of it as his own and transfer it to any other economic agent or person.
Such a law, of course, must be adopted at the level of the International Organization for the Protection of Intellectual Property (MOOIS) and approved by the United Nations for mandatory implementation by all countries. In case of violations – heavy fines in the MOOIS BUDGET.
Can the world community now do this? Of course, there is not and, above all, they will be against it – large firms that mercilessly use the work of scientists and inventors and receive large profits from it, paying the latter, just a miser. This is not just the injustice and not civilization of modern society, but also its ugliness, which does not allow civilization to develop in the right direction.
The current MARKET-CAPITAL-LISTIC CIVILIZATION WILL DIE, WILL DISAPPEAR, DESTROY, AND DAYS AND ALL MANKIND, AND CAN AND OUR MOTHER EARTH, if not to bring order here on a global scale.
СХЕМА 1 Действия секторов общества (схема лектора)
Общество, страна, цивилизация.
ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЬСТВО, ВЕКТОР ПРОГРЕССА, НАУКА, ПРОИЗВОДСТВО, ИСКУССВО И ЛИТЕРАТУРА, СМИ И ПОЛИТИКАМЕСТНОЕ САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЕ И МЕСТНЫЕ ОРГАНЫ ВЛАСТИ, ИДЕОЛОГИЯ и СМИ, РЕЛИГИЯ, ИДЕОЛОГИЯ И СМИ, ВЛАСТНЫЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ, ГОСИНСТИТУТЫ,
SCHEME 1 The actions of the sectors of society (lecturer scheme)
Society, country, civilization.
Ingenuity, VECTOR PROGRESS, science, industry, iskussva AND LITERATURE, MEDIA AND POLITIKAMESTNOE GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES, ideology and media, religion, ideology and media, government institutions, state institutions,
But, if there had been a (not yet existing) law on the transfer of ownership rights to authors in a maximum of 5 years, then there would be no such trouble, but there would be an accelerated, harmonious development of our civilization.
In a civilized society, there should be freedom of movement not only of capital and labor, but of information and intellectual property, as the most important engines of modern harmonious progress.
And those who create intellectual capital should be the richest and most famous people of a civilized society, and not the managers and owners of money capital. Money capital is a form of expansion of production and the appropriation of new, surplus, value of this expanded production, and intellectual property and intellectual capital is a form of the movement of progress and its correct and sustainable movement.
AND THEN THE SPEED OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS WILL INCREASE AND ITS COST WILL DECREASE. About its quality we consider in the following LECTURES.
Схема 2
Действие основных профессий различных секторов (схема автора лекции)
УЧЕНЫЕ, ВЕКТОР ПРОГРЕССА, ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛИ, БИЗНЕСМЕНЫ, ИНЖЕНЕРЫ, РАБОЧИЕ, ФЕРМЕРЫ, РАБОТНИКИ ИСКУССТВА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ, ПОЛИТИКИ И ЖУРНАЛИСТЫ, НЕОСВОБОЖДЕННЫЕ МЕСТНЫЕ ДЕПУТАТЫ, МЕСТНЫЕ ДЕПУТАТЫ НА ДОЛЖНОСТИ,, ЖУРНАЛИСТЫ, РАБОТНИКИ ИСКУССТВА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ, ФИЛОСОФЫ РЕЛИГИИ И КРЕЛИКАРЫ, ЖУРНАЛИСТЫ, НЕОСВОБОЖДЕННЫЕ ГОСДЕПУТАТЫ, ГОСДЕПУТАТЫ НА ДОЛЖНОСТИ.
Scheme 2
The action of the main professions of various sectors (scheme of the author of the lecture)
SCIENTISTS, VECTOR PROGRESS, inventors, businessmen, engineers, workers, farmers, art and literature, politicians and journalists, unreleased local MPs, local MP POSTS,, JOURNALISTS, EMPLOYEES art and literature, Philosophy of Religion and KRELIKARY, journalists, unreleased GOSDEPUTATY , STATE DEPARTMENTS IN POSTS.
LECTURE 2. Technogenic impact on global climate change.
Who is guilty of this and how to prevent it?
Undoubtedly, there are signs of global accelerated climate change on Earth, and there are undoubtedly its man-made (artificial) causes, but there have long been technical ways to prevent technological changes in climate.
First, because the previous decisions of the world community / Kyoto agreement on reducing emissions by 2010 were fulfilled by only one country, Sweden, and the main polluters, the United States, practically did not approve any obligations for these 20 years, while man, but not giving him the main right – is to breathe clean air, drink normal water, and more than half of the population of the Earth drinks water that does not meet the biological needs of man.
Some countries that do enormous harm to the pollution of the biosphere have not signed and, moreover, have not complied with the Kyoto agreement / the US, China, Australia, Nigeria and others /, and the current main polluter, China, is only going to use new, environmentally friendly, technology, but does not do anything for this, as the author will tell you more about later. On the territory of the former Soviet Union, especially Russia, Ukraine / what is the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which for more than 20 years has remained a time bomb, and Kazakhstan has dozens of huge and hundreds of large zones and entire areas contaminated with various nuclear and toxic waste, burn without any punishment, thousands of hydrocarbon torches in Turkmenistan, almost all over the world, have damaged all rivers and lakes, and the last world GIK summits, even under the auspices of the UN in Paris, have not brought any concrete result and worlds e community, but rather the current leaders and representatives of the authorities in most countries, were unable to break away from their national and clan interests and come to the general concept of protection and salvation of life on Earth.
Secondly, the ongoing technogenic processes of negative influence on the GIK are still poorly defined and even misinterpreted by many scientists and especially journalists and politicians. Therefore, in the opinion of the author of this book, you first need to hold under the UN auspices a scientific summit to determine the anthropogenic impact on GIK and develop on it the scientific concept of the global negative influence of a person and not only a person on GIK. Then create a UN committee or commission that will develop the main international documents on the prevention of negative influence on the SEC, international administrative and political measures to comply with them. But international conventions forbid hunting whales, and Japanese fishermen have been illegally destroying them for more than 20 years, their government initially covered it, that it’s for scientific purposes they kill more than a hundred every year, of the remaining thousands, whales, and now they just pretend that he sees nothing and knows nothing, and the UN is unable or unwilling to do anything. Then it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and binding document on ecology at the UN meeting.
In this chapter, the author tried to summarize his ideas and proposals for preventing the negative anthropogenic global influence on climate change expressed in previously published papers. At the same time, the author tried to load the reader less with schemes, formulas and descriptions on this topic, and he paid more attention to economic, administrative and political measures that are necessary for this.
In his proposals, the author also did not try to give technological and other calculations in detail, but mostly in general, and therefore this chapter is intended for a wide range of readers and he hopes that this book will finally move the prevention of nature permissions.
To do this, we need to know which emissions are the most harmful to humans and nature in general, how they can be prevented most effectively and which technologies are the most environmentally friendly and advanced.
and promising, and what needs to be done, what economic and political measures need to be done to implement them.
The nature of the Earth is amazing diverse, expedient and just perfect for human prosperity for many thousands of years and even millions of years. She went to the creation of his masterpiece, a man, many millions of years, but a modern man, who has not lived half a million years on Earth, can destroy the Earth, its nature and itself in two hundred years (one hundred years ago), so unwise it comes last 5–6 thousand years, especially the last hundred years, especially critically – the last 50 years, and now the main task stands before it: “to be or not to be the Earth”. This chapter gives the answer: how to “be.”
1. Causes of Global Climate Change
1. Natural causes of GIK
a) Prehistoric GIK (disintegration of Pangea)
The entire history and development of life on earth (flora and fauna) is associated with local and global climate change (see Fig. 1).
Especially strong and rapid global climate change with faster movement of the Earth’s land surface on its surface and raising of its part from the former united ocean, Tethys, / see Fig.3 / was in the past. As a result of volcanic eruptions or solidification of the hot surface of the earth’s core and turning them into a mantle, islands, continents, shelves, etc., also grew.
About 300 million years ago, the disintegration of a single continent of the Earth, Pangea (see Fig. 2) began, which ultimately led to the modern configuration of the continents, while the single land not only spread to continents and islands, but increased its area (see Fig. 3). As a result, a major GIC occurred: the continents in their movement crossed huge spaces and the temperature of the air on them changed, the coastline also changed (increased), the number of rivers, lakes and climatic zones increased, resulting in a huge variety of flora and fauna. The last in its place was Antarctica, about 10 million years ago, i.e. at a time when great apes appeared in Africa.
Strongly affected the Earth’s climate, the fall of a huge meteorite about 65 million years ago, which resulted in the formation of the Gulf of Mexico and as a result of which most of the forests burned down, dark smoky clouds surrounded the Earth, the sun stopped flowing to Earth, greens grew poorly and the most common animals in those days , dinosaurs, died out over several decades, and instead of them, small mammals like shrews, mice and domanes, from which monkeys later descended, spread.
They had many advantages and therefore they survived:
– they were much smaller in size and therefore they needed less feed than large and even giant dinosaurs,
– they usually lived in burrows or stone shelters, where it was easier to hide from a fire,
– they were viviparous, so it was easier for the offspring to survive compared to dinosaur eggs during a fire,
– living for a long time in minks, their wool grew and grew, which contributed to their survival with a decrease in temperature and their spread to colder regions of the Earth.
Of course, the movement of the continents (about 5 cm per year), the growth of the Earth’s thickness (about 0.5 cm per year), the movement of the Earth’s axis (about 30 meters per year) and the study of the trajectory of their movement, especially its large pieces like Greenland and Antarctica, is important and central to predicting GIK.
b) Climate change with the advent of man.
In fig. 6 shows GIK already with the advent of man.
At one time, the movement of the continents (see fig. 2.3, and 5) caused a decrease in the number of fern plants and their replacement with seed plants, and then the appearance of fruit trees. As a result of the consumption of their fruits, which have a very favorable effect on the brain, in the BEGINNING there were great apes, and then man.
Approximately 2–2.5 million ago, as a result of the appearance of a gene that made the great ape walk standing, the first primitive people appeared: Australopithecus, the remains of one of which were found in the Olduvai Valley in southern Africa. She was named Lucy: about 90 cm tall, 16 years old.
Then, as a result of prolonged heat and drought, about 1 million years ago (see Fig. 6), Australopithecus died out, and the people who lived on the outskirts of this valley (arhantropes) and in the foothills, survived and spread not only throughout Africa, but also reached to Europe and Altai, because they knew how to make and use the first stone tools and fire.
Started, about half a million years ago, very frequent global climate change (see Fig. 6), led to the death of this branch of man (arhantropa), modern man appeared and survived, the main difference, which was that he mastered fire and mountain caves ( paleoanthropus – caveman), who again settled the entire territory, including Europe (Neanderthal).
Geneticists proved that genetically modern man appeared about 300 thousand years ago. This is indicated by the excavations of the remains of modern humans in the Middle East, which are 70–100 thousand years old and in East Africa (Ethiopia), which are 150–200 thousand years old, and our ancestors themselves are from southern Africa (Bushman tribes).
As you can see, genetic, anthropological and geographical data converge and GIK not only strongly influenced man, but also, in essence, helped him to appear and spread throughout the Earth. Scientists have found that about 70 thousand years ago as a result of the strongest eruption of a volcano on one of the islands of Indonesia for several tens of thousands of years on Earth got colder (see Fig. 7) and most of the Earth’s flora and fauna, including people, died. On Earth, there are no more than a thousand people.
And our most adapted ancestor (Cro-Magnon) survived and again settled all over the Earth. Its main difference from the Neanderthal was that the Cro-Magnon man had matriarchy (unlike the Neanderthal patriarchy), which allowed him to multiply quickly and all the first great works were devoted to her: the progenitress and the woman (see Fig. 8).
From Fig. 7, it is clear that in the last 70 thousand years there were two major cold spells in Eurasia and several warmings followed them, at least in the Northern Hemisphere, and in the last 15 thousand years after the last icing, the climate changed every fifteen hundred years. , including 3 significant warming in the last 5 thousand years. With the end of the Stone Age and the appearance of metal / copper first, and then bronze / and rapid population growth on Earth, the climate was always warmer than average.
The last most GIK, the ice age, began about 25 thousand years ago (see Fig. 5, 7). We will not discuss its causes, but let’s say that it caused the flourishing of human civilization in North Africa (see Fig. 8–9), which due to the coming cold from the north turned into a blooming savannah with many animals and people, but and this cold almost caused the death of European civilization, as they survived only in the mountains on the border of France and Spain (this may be the ancestors of the current Basques) and in the Balkans, as they were protected from the glacier by the Carpathians.
Then the Europeans spread from the Balkans to the west, and reached the Apenninsky Peninsula (Italics), and also east to the Don River (Iranians) and the Taman Peninsula (Hindi), and then almost throughout Eurasia. Although some scientists believe that everything happened the other way around: from the North Caucasus, a European man spread to the west and north.
Climate change in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC caused a decrease in the melting of mountain glaciers and precipitation in East Africa, feeding the Nile with water, which led to a decrease in the level of the Nile spill in Egypt, and this caused a decrease in yield, hunger, sea, various epidemics and the death of Ancient Egypt kingdom (as described even in the Bible).
This same climate change led to growth and subsequent movement in the second half of 3 thousand BC. Indo-Iranian tribes in the northern Black Sea region: Cimmerians in the western Black Sea region, and Achaeans, Illyrians and Dorians – in the Balkans, which led to the creation of ancient Greece, Hindi – from the Taman Peninsula to the south for several centuries reached right up to the Indus River.
So we see that not only technological and economic development affects the history of PEOPLES, but most often, and natural climate change.
Млн. лет до новой эры – Million years BC
ФАНЕРОЗОЙ – FANEROZOY.
ПАЛЕОЗОЙ – PALEOZOIC, МЕЗОЗОЙ – MEZOZOI, КАРНОЗОЙ – CARNOSE.
ЭОФИТ – EOFIT, ПАЛЕОФИТ – PALEOFIT, МЕЗОФИТ – MESOPHYTES, КАЙНОФИТ – CINOFIT.
Fig. 1. The time sequence and age of various stages of the ancient development of the Earth and its flora and fauna by H. Rastu (see 1, p. 15)
ПАНГЕЯ – PANGEA
ТЕТИС – TETIS
Конец пермского периода, 220 млн. лет назад – The end of the Permian period, 220 million years ago.
ЛАВРАЗИЯ – Laurasia
АТЛАНТИКА – ATLANTIC
ГОНДВАНА – GONDWANA
Конец триаса, 200 млн. лет назад – The end of the Triassic, 200 million years ago
Конец мела, 65 млн. лет назад – The end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago
Fig. 2. The collapse of the huge continental massif of Pangea, existing from the end of the Paleozoic (200 thousand years ago), into modern continents. (see 1, p. 96), which globally changed the climate, flora and fauna of the Earth.
Fig. 3. Precambrian (more than 550 million years ago) continental cores. It does not depict the nuclei that subsequently descended into the water, such as, for example, the Barrentia. In the figure, the dark fates are Pangea, the light ones rose from the water. In Atlantis there was a warm climate before the collapse of the land and the first lizards lived. (see 1, p. 16), and dinosaurs lived 30 million years ago in Antarctica.
Состав земной атмосферы – The composition of the earth’s atmosphere:
78% азот – 78% nitrogen –
21% кислород – 21% oxygen
1% все остальные газы – 1% all other gases.
Некоторые газы сами по себе были бы смертельны, но их смесь в атмосфере поддерживает жизнь – Some gases alone would be fatal, but their mixture in the atmosphere supports life .
Атмосфера предохраняет землю от вредного излучения – The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation
Fig. 4. Europe at the very peak of the Quaternary glaciation (after R. Brinkman), 18 thousand years ago (see 1, p. 116), when the flora, fauna and humans almost completely disappeared.
Лед – Ice
Тундра – Tundra
Лиственный лес – Deciduous forest
Степь – Steppe
Хвойный лес – Coniferous forest
Море – Sea
Fig. 5 (according to 2, p. 19). The chronostratigraphic scheme of anthropogenic deposits in the last 2 million years of Eastern Europe and the correlation with other regions, which show that another person came to change from one frequency to another: the arkhantrophs replaced the Australopitheses, and the paleontropes – them and then neontropes (our ancestors) spread after global cooling as they invented the fire
Europe and the correlation with other regions. (see 2, p. 19), which shows
The arkhantropists replaced the Australopithecus, and their paleoanthropes, and the neoanthropes invented fire.
Fig. 7. Comparison of the development schemes of the natural process of the Valdai (Würm) time of Western Europe (A), Eastern Europe (B) and Siberia. (see 13, p. 31)
Fig. 6. Comparison of the development schemes of the natural process of the Valdai (Wurm) time of Western Europe (A), Eastern Europe (B) and Siberia (C). (see 2, p. 30). According to them, it is clear that the average temperature on the Earth has constantly changed, which means that climate change has occurred during the rapid settlement of modern man throughout the world from southern Africa over the last 70 thousand years. and over the past 15 thousand years about every fifteen hundred years the climate has changed, and the peak heat in Eurasia was 3 thousand years ago, i.e. with the beginning of modern civilization.
Fig. 8. Herd. Painting on the rock. Sahara. Neolithic (more than 6000 years ago). (see 3, illustrations 42, 43).
2. Modern features of the MIC of the Earth
The main criterion for GIK is the change in temperature.
According to scientists, if in the first half of the 20th century the average annual temperature on Earth rose by 0.03 ° C, then from 1980 to 2005 it was 0.07 ° C, i.e. since the last quarter of the twentieth century, the Earth’s air temperature has not only increased, as scientists predicted, but also twice as fast as before.
Thus, over 100 years, the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere can increase by 5–10 ° C, and this is not only global, but also catastrophic climate change on Earth.
Therefore, the universal and universal measurement of the parameters of the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth at its surface and at its altitudes in the atmosphere, on all continents and oceans, is the second
strategic direction for observing GIK on Earth. (First and foremost, we said – this is the observation of the movement of the continents and its land horizontally and vertically).
The third most lightweight GIC indicator on Earth is the change in the mass of glaciers at the poles, in Greenland and ANTARCTISTA, on mountain peaks, which will greatly affect mountain rivers and coastal populations, that is, areas that people lived about a million years ago. began to spread across the foothills throughout the Earth.
The general trend says that glaciers are decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere: in the Arctic Ocean over the last 30–40 years by 15–20%, which is essentially a catastrophe for humans in these areas: the composition of the water changes, which means the composition of plankton, fish, living conditions of animals.
Melting of the northern ice causes an increase in the mass of cold water in the Northern Hemisphere, which means that the South Atlantic Current Gulf Stream will make it harder to the North and it can radically change its movement and most likely shorten its movement to the North, which means that in the North of the Atlantic we must wait not for warming, but for cooling on both sides, which is observed with the beginning of the new millennium: as the space of the Gulf Stream decreased, the amount of precipitation on both sides of the Atlantic increased / in winter and summer / As well as the ambient temperature changes: the summer was warmer and the winters colder, ie the climate will become increasingly continental.
This, according to the author of this book, was also the cause of the last ice age 25 thousand years ago, i.e. cooling in the North Atlantic and warming in the North Pacific, following the global warming (see Fig. 7) on Earth.
But the climate in the deserts of northern Africa and Central Asia will become even hotter and will move more and north, and south and in these deserts, radical changes are needed to reduce the expansion of the deserts and facilitate the lives of their populations.
Undoubtedly, the melting of Antarctic ice and warming in northern latitudes will benefit Russia / and other northern countries /, where the harsh climate of its Asian part, which reaches Lake Baikal, and this is on the same parallel that Czechoslovakia, Central Germany and England, does not explore its vast expanses and wealth. Already now, in the 21st century, for the first time in summer, the northern ices in Russia completely depart from land, which has already improved the polar shipping. In many ways, according to many experts, this is a consequence of the tilt of the axis of rotation of the Earth (north pole) towards Canada and the Atlantic Ocean, because of which part of the earth will be cooled.
With an increase in temperature of 2-3 degrees, the borders of the tundra in Russia will go 100-150 km. north, which means that after this there will be taiga on an area comparable to all forests in present-day Canada and the contribution of taiga to the production of oxygen on Earth will increase significantly. After all, northern forests are the main forest oxygen supplier on Earth, as tropical trees live less, but they rot faster, that is, they consume oxygen with the help of microorganisms.
Thus, there will be a movement, not changing the mass of the taiga, to the north: the southern massifs will be cut down, and the northern – to expand.
And finally, by the end of the 21st century, the sea level will rise by 1-2 meters, which means that at least a third of the world’s population living by the seas and oceans will have very big problems in their coastal cities and towns.
As for the natural change in the temperature of the Earth, it first of all depends on the amount of heat coming from the sun with its rays. Per unit area of the Earth in the middle and equatorial latitudes in the summer comes about 0.5 kW. hour of energy per square meter. The area of the earth is r2, i.e. 3.14 x (7,500,000) m2 and this will be at least 2.35 x 1014 m2. The amount of energy falling in a year is Е = 0.5 kWh x 10 x 365 x S = 4 · 1017 kWh.
AT the general trend of the sun cools down, so in a strategic direction from the sun will come less and less heat until it cools and the earth too.
But at the same time, the Sun has its own cycles of surge (fluctuations) in the release of heat and solar energy, and therefore monitoring the cycles of fluctuations in solar emission in the strategic plan is very important for the Earth. Especially important is the prediction of its sharp (jump) emissions.
The second, natural factor influencing the temperatures on the Earth and its atmosphere is the fiery (molten) mass of the Earth. As is known, most of the Earth consists of gas-metal mass with a temperature of more than 1000 ° C, which sometimes breaks out of the Earth in the form of volcanic lava, which also warms the atmosphere, but the surface temperature of the Earth itself depends on the volume of fiery lava inside the Earth.
Thus, we see that natural factors tend to decrease the temperature of both the body and the atmosphere of the Earth.
3. Technological reasons for the MIC of the Earth
Now there are three technical factors affecting the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere (AZ): an increase in air temperature directly and directly from burning fuel, changing the chemical composition of the atmosphere and artificially changing the terrain.
a) The effect of technical heat on GIK
Humanity burns about 20 billion tons of liquid, gaseous and solid fuels, 9000 billion m3 of gas and 900 billion m3 of wood per year. This gives about 1014 kcal / year.
Consequently, mankind already burns energy equal to 0.1 thousand% of the energy of the Sun falling on the Earth. This means that if the increase in energy production will be 10% annually, then after about 40 thousand years, mankind will burn (extract) energy as much as the Earth gives the Sun.
There is no doubt that this will fundamentally affect the temperature of the Earth, and hence its climate, but so far this proportion is insignificant.
b) chemical effect on the GIC
But now (in the 21st century) the change in the chemical composition of the atmosphere is decisive in the MEC. After all, all this (20 billion tons) of fuel is released into the atmosphere: a part of it falls on the surface of the Earth, a part remains in the atmosphere, which is undoubtedly a more decisive factor in climate change.
In an atmosphere of 78% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 1% of all other gases (elements) (see. Fig. 4). The burning of hydrocarbon fuels increases the emission of various gases (carbon dioxide CO2, carbon monoxide and other gases and elements), i.e. the amount of pure oxygen decreases and other gases increase, which soon in the atmosphere will be 2 times more and which are basically all harmful, i.e. by the end of the 21st century, the harmfulness of the atmosphere will increase significantly.
It must be said that the atmosphere most favorable to humans is at an altitude of 0.5 to 1 km, and not at sea level. It is people living at this altitude who are less ill with cancer because there is less oxygen, the pressure of the atmosphere is less and the oxidation processes in a living organism go slower. And it was precisely at this height (on the foothills) that the primitive man “paleoanthropus” once walked and settled territories from southern Africa to Eurasia and Altai (about 1 million years ago began 800 thousand years ago to the Carpathians, and 200 thousand to Altai , and his relative “Australopithecus” died on the plains of Olduvai in South Africa).
From the point of view of temperature change, it is considered the most dangerous (and numerous) emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) gases.
If the main (and all of them are harmful) metal elements in most of the furnaces are captured or they can be captured, then there is almost no CO and CO2, but they constitute the overwhelming part of emissions (carbon burns) and annually billions of tons of gas are emitted into the atmosphere and to the ground .
Carbon dioxide (CO2), like any other gas (SO and SO2, etc.) and solid elements (metals) entering the atmosphere create a greenhouse effect that delays the heat from the earth’s atmosphere into space, which raises its temperature. But the fact is that natural carbon dioxide is produced much more than by technology. This is done not only by people and animals, but also by microorganisms in the air and especially in the soil, because CO2 is a product (waste) of cell activity. Due to technical reasons, carbon dioxide in the noosphere increased by 28% over the past 150 years, and oxygen decreased by 0.01% / see Calculation No. 1 and Scheme No. 1 /, i.e. not very significant in order to fundamentally influence the Earth’s NEC. With a large volcanic eruption, changes in the atmosphere are more significant than in the 100 years of scientific and technical revolution.
But many scientists, and behind them illiterate journalists, mistakenly believe that the main calamity is the emission of carbon dioxide / CO2 /. Moreover, a chemically incorrect explanation of some of the changing processes in the noosphere is given.
This explains the decrease in the ozone layer of the Earth in its upper layers of the atmosphere due to the ingress of carbon dioxide / CO2 /. Yes, the amount of carbon dioxide increased near the ozone layer, but due to the fact that carbon monoxide / CO / enters there and combining with atomic oxygen of the ozone layer, carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide and ozone reduction / O / *.
Therefore, it is the carbon monoxide emitted mainly in technical furnaces and internal combustion engines that reduces the ozone layer, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, because there the hydrocarbon fuel has been burned there for the last 100 years / North America, Europe, Russia, China, India, Muslim countries /. Therefore, the ozone hole over the Northern Hemisphere has almost doubled in the last 50 years.
This means that not only did the greenhouse effect increase on the border between tundra and taiga, between the ice of the Arctic Ocean and the coastline, roughly coinciding with the border of the extended ozone hole, which means that the ice began to melt more intensively, but the disastrous influence of ultra-violet rays increased on microorganisms in the atmosphere and especially in land and water.
Thus, the main, deadly to the atmosphere and the Earth is the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and it is produced mainly by technology.
Firstly, when it gets from the fireboxes into the atmosphere, it combines with water and forms carbon dioxide, which eats all living things: bacteria, lungs, etc .: in the air, in the soil and in the soil.
Particularly dangerous are those carbon monoxide (CO) molecules, which, according to the author, reach the upper ozone layer of the Earth and there, combining with monatomic oxygen (ozone), are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby taking this oxygen from the ozone layer ( O) and destroy the ozone layer. According to the author’s calculations, if the current level of emissions of flue and especially exhaust gases continues, by the end of the 21st century it will remain half of the existing level, and after a maximum of 200 years the ozone layer may not be *, and this is a catastrophe for all living things number and vegetation.
Thus, the reduction of atomic oxygen occurs in the atmosphere and in the ozone layer **. And according to the author, a decrease in the ozone layer occurs in two ways: on the one hand, the holes at the poles increase, on the other hand, the thickness of the ozone layer decreases. And that means more and more violet rays are missing and malignant tumors grow and the genome of all living things grows and not for the better. But the decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer is very difficult to measure, since it is vague and takes only a few millimeters, and unfortunately, research in this direction practically in the world is not conducted. And this is the worst impact of harmful emissions.
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* – see environmental calculation №2
** – look at the end of the chapter chemical calculation “Scheme №2 of the mechanism of reducing the atomic (ozone) layer”.
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through rain falls directly into water resources, incl. and in the oceans, and kills the microorganisms that feed on plankton, and fish. Thus, the natural chain of living resources is disturbed not only on land, but also in the oceans. And it greatly affects the fish resources of the oceans. In addition, these rains kill microorganisms in the soil, and this means that the number of worms and soil fertility decreases.
Since all plants absorb carbon dioxide and emit oxygen at the same time, the more it is in the atmosphere, the more plants, so you can fight carbon dioxide in one way: plant trees in the desert.
Thus, we once again emphasize that the most destructive of anthropogenic influence is the emission of carbon monoxide and it must first be captured.
This means that it is necessary to fight, first of all, not with carbon dioxide, whose influence has not yet been scientifically defined, but with carbon monoxide gases (CO and SO), whose influence is uniquely destructive for the entire noosphere of the Earth. And the author of this book proposed technical methods to combat the emission of carbon monoxide gases 30 years ago, as will be discussed below.
c) effect of condensing particles
Recently we observe that heavy rains pass over industrial areas. This is because there are a lot of solid particles above them, which are vapor condensers, turning it into rains.
On the one hand, it is good that it rains more often over cities and industrial centers (they wash mud from the atmosphere and surface), but they also cause considerable damage.
4. Ways to reduce the use of hydrocarbon fuels and its harmful effects on climate.
So, the basis of the threat to humanity is the burning of hydrocarbon fuels and the release of harmful substances, the main of which is carbon monoxide (CO).
The main direction for the replacement – it was nuclear power. But it has its limitation in danger and therefore has its limit of application.
The second direction is the use of so-called renewable energy sources of nature: wind, tidal waves, solar energy, hydrogen energy, etc.
The most promising of them at this stage may be hydrogen energy. The current hydrogen energy has a major drawback, namely, that hydrogen is taken from the air, and this violates the ecological stability of the atmosphere and the extraction of hydrogen from the atmosphere must be prohibited.
Getting hydrogen from water is more laborious, energy intensive and expensive. In addition, almost as much hydrocarbons are used to produce consumed electricity as with their direct combustion.
Of course, there are other methods for producing hydrogen, such as, for example, obtaining hydrogen from air using solar energy. But such installations are low.
Thus, we see that hydrogen power engineering has its own great limitation and in essence cannot replace hydrocarbon energy.
5. Replacement of hydrocarbon materials – an important way to prevent GIK
Another important factor in reducing the negative impact on nature is the replacement of hydrocarbon materials / wood, paper, wallpaper, packaging, packaging / non-hydrocarbon: stone / cellulose products: stone wallpaper, foam-stone furniture, cotton-insulated products, etc. /, which are environmental and fireproof materials.
Not so dangerous is the rise in temperature, as the disappearance of forests, which are the main factories of carbon dioxide (CO2) processing on Earth, whose content has increased due to this by tens of% over the past decades and mainly due to deforestation, especially northern forests which are the main suppliers of oxygen on Earth when it is processed from carbon dioxide.
According to the author’s calculations, if the forests had not been cut down, the forests that had been cut down would have been able to process the entire increase in technotour carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to its processing by these forests.
Thus, the preservation of forests is no less, and even more important modern problem than CO2 emissions. And forests can be saved if they are a stone replacement, and the latter requires a lot of electricity. And of course it can only be nuclear power. Thus, the nuclear power industry should be replaced with CEE, and the very only allowed for power electricity: the production of metals, pure silicon and foam-stone products, that is – mainly only in metallurgy.
According to the author, the optimal structure of the energy sector should be approximately the same *: 60% should be silicon electric power engineering / CEE /, 10% – alternative, 10% – hydrocarbon and 20% – nuclear.
But due to the fact that it is necessary to expend 10 times more energy for the production of foam-stone products than for hydrocarbon products, their price is 5-6 times higher than that of hydrocarbon products.
But, if you introduce very necessary environmental taxes on the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon products, their price should increase by 2-3 times and thus come close to the price of the corresponding foam-stone products.
But here the reader may argue. Why increase the already soaring prices for hydrocarbons? But let these prices rise due to the improvement of ecology on Earth, than due to the speculative prices on commodity exchanges and enrich nature, not speculators.
And even if toilet paper is 10 times more expensive, you can wash it, paper is 100 times more expensive, there will be less debris from paper advertising, and you can enter benefits, all wrapping, paper, packaging, tare and furniture on books, then you can only do from the foam-and-vato stone. But the forests and hydrocarbon bowels of the Earth will remain.
6. The main culprit GIK
According to our approximate calculations, over the past 150 years, only about 0.02% of oxygen was burned in various furnaces, and an additional 30% of CO2 was produced by burning, but at least one third of the forests were destroyed, which means that the amount of oxygen produced decreased, and by the same amount , comparable to that obtained in fireboxes, increased carbon dioxide due to the reduction of forests.
If forests provide up to 50% oxygen and consume at the same time 61 Gt. CO2 per year / see sk.№4 /, then cut down forests, if even the grass grows after cutting, cultivated plants are planted, for 150 years about 450 Gt of CO2 were not consumed (CO2) in the atmosphere, CO2 increased by 28 %, i.e. due to deforestation, carbon dioxide is not absorbed by vegetation over the past 100-200 years, i.e. increased, not less than when burning fuel, or during photosynthesis due to forest reduction, CO2 was not consumed, no less than it was released in furnaces. Or, to put it simply, if humanity did not cut down forests, they would be able to process all the additional technogenic uric acid gas, or about half of the growth of carbon dioxide was due to the growth of anthropogenic emissions, and half due to deforestation.
Thus, over the past 150 years, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 50% and this is without taking into account the growth of deserts, in which photosynthesis is minimal, but still exists. Deserts, as a rule, are replaced by steppes and savannas, where photosynthesis reaches at least 20% of forest, and the overall balance in them is positive, i.e. low oxygen production, i.e. – reduction of CO2. And in deserts there is an increase in CO2 content.
If the level of CO2 emissions in flue and exhaust pipes during the 21st century will be the same as at the beginning of it, then over a hundred years the volume of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase by another 25% only (see calculation number 1), and taking into account the previous century, reducing forest and desert growth by the end of the 21st century, carbon dioxide will increase by two compared with the 19th century (see calculation number 1), i.e., when the population began to grow rapidly on Earth and scientific and technological revolution, first in Holland and then and around the world, which led to a sharp increase in deforestation and the release of harmful gases.
But, if restrictive measures on gas emissions, deforestation, and hydrocarbon production are not introduced and the introduction of new ecological transport, CEE and other measures does not begin by the 1930s, then in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide it will be twice as large as k50-60 – m years of the 21st century, i.e. after about 50 years (see calculation number 1).
There is no doubt that at the same time there will be a complete climate change on Earth, which will have a terrible negative effect on Earth’s civilization, which then and now can hardly be called civilization: the temperature will rise by an average of 6-8 degrees Celsius (in the North Atlantic the coast is 1–2, in Siberia it is 8 (due to the displacement of the Earth’s axis and the breakthrough of the Atlantic and even Pacific waters), and in the deserts and in the tropics by 10 degrees, all mountain glaciers will melt most of the foothill forests (the cradle ) Ische Znut, mountain rivers, too, most rivers will become shallow in two, a third of agricultural lands will disappear, natural fertility of lands will also decrease in two, Greenland and Antarctic ice will almost disappear by this time, and only half of the ice will remain in Antarctica, the ocean level will rise at 4-6 meters, millions of hectares of land will be flooded, including thousands of settlements.
To all this, according to the author of this book, due to the melting of the Greenland glaciers, the Earth’s equilibrium will be disturbed from a certain point and its axis will begin, if it has not already begun, to move in the opposite direction, i.e. the globe will begin to lean more towards the Sun and more sunlight will come on Earth, the Earth’s surface will change its climate even more: it will become even warmer in the Atlantic and Arctic coast, in Siberia the border between tundra and taiga will go to the north in the 22nd century more and become better conditions for the development of its Siberian coast: iron ore on. Novaya Zemlya (the area and length of which is equal to the Apennine Peninsula), oil, gas, copper and platinum on the Taimyr Peninsula, whose area is larger than Germany, the shelf of the Arctic Ocean can be used to extract minerals from Siberia and many other changes in huge Siberia. The Laptev Sea, into which the most abounding river of Eurasia and the fourth largest river Lena in the world, can become navigable year-round, and on one of the Siberian islands or Severnaya Zemlya, the area of which is commensurate with the Philippine islands, a Siberian dream will appear – inhabited land, the land of Sannikov.
In the 21st century, on the Atlantic coast, on both sides, due to a decrease in the area of the Gulf Stream, the climate, especially in its northern part, will become more sharply continental (it is colder in winter and hotter in summer), with more precipitation (in summer) floods – in winter more snow), storms and storms.
But the displacement of the Earth’s axis will be especially unpredictable for the Earth’s climate.
In the world there will come not only total world ecological, but also economic and political crises. In the world there will be chaos and pestilence from hunger and disease. The current civilization: a poorly regulated market economy based on the dominance of large private property and capital and formal democracy, having not existed for 400 years (HOW IT WAS WITH DOSICH POR POSSIBLE CIVILIZATIONS, ONLY THEY WERE NOT WORLDWIDE) will fall apart, and then will die before the end of the 21st century .
Instead of spending annually a trillion on environmental technologies, now the states of the world spend it on military and other security agencies. This is monstrous.
Well, if the current MFES continues until the end of the 21st century and fundamental changes are not made in time (until the 30s of the 21st century), then the 22nd century will be the most terrible in the history of mankind.
At the same time, the most harmful chemical criminal should be considered carbon monoxide / CO /, which will affect the genetics of the microflora and fauna, and maybe even a person. According to our calculations, by the end of the 21st century, because of it, the ozone layer may decrease by two, and this is practically the death of all living things, including and human (CM. CALC. No. 2), the most common will be carbon dioxide / CO2 /.
And all this is the result of human activity, since the main affecting substance on a GIC is carbon dioxide and not only flue carbon dioxide, but also natural carbon dioxide that has not been processed by deforested forests over the past thousand years and grown deserts, and therefore all this is strongly influenced GIK.
And all this – without taking into account natural disasters: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and sudden movements of the earth’s crust. We do not consider cosmic cataclysms here.
And so, instead of launching satellites of the Earth, which would follow the movement of lava and the earth’s crust and predict natural disasters for months, and even years, the US RULERS and some other countries launched total tracking systems for almost every person and state. There is no doubt that all this leads to the death of such a “civilization”.
Here, however, it can be noted that along with the negative human impact: chemicalization of the soil, its immense exploitation, destruction of microorganisms worsening soil fertility, the very destruction of microorganisms reduced their total oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, and therefore reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. Therefore, all these negative processes partially compensated each other, but deforestation acted only in one direction, towards the negative MIC.
Thus, if urgent measures on ecology are not taken before the 30s, then by the middle of the 21st century formidable cataclysms will begin, not only with the MEC, but also with the person, which cannot be stopped. There will be what was described as far back as the 20s of the 21st century in A. Belyaev’s book “Air seller”.
Consequently, the main culprit who changed climate on a global scale is not flue gas, which only changed the ecology of the Earth, but a deforestation. The forest was cut down mainly by the developed countries of the industrial North and many thousands of years: first, in the era of wooden ships, wood with valuable wood in Europe and especially around the Mediterranean was reduced, and then other forests in the north, and last 200 years international firms wood harvesting is in the tropics. As scientists have shown in the cuts of the rings of wood, this began the atmosphere began to increase the amount of carbon dioxide, even three hundred years ago, which coincides with the beginning of intensive deforestation and the industrial revolution / NTR /.
And now, at the beginning of the 21st century / 3rd millennium AD /, 70% of forest products are consumed by the Nordic countries, in most of which, except for Russia, Scandinavia and Canada, there is no large logging, and they are the main forest users. USA, Western Europe, China and Japan, which produce 10% of logging, and consume up to 60% of all timber, i.e. consume 6 times more than forest resources have, but do nothing to increase them and vice versa: tropical countries consume 6 times less than they cut down and also do nothing to increase their forest resources or at least save are old, and therefore make a decisive contribution to reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide on Earth.
All large firms, forest consumers, are located in the northern countries, they cut down indiscriminately all the forests of the world, running into any tricks: from bribing local officials to political upheavals, but just to snatch more and cheaper forest resources.
All this happens because the current MFES is aimed at maximizing profits in the shortest possible time and therefore it not only does not contribute to the preservation of forests, but also purposefully acts on their destruction.
Thus, the industrial North, not only plundering the colonies in the south, during the period of colonialism and neo-colonialism of the 20th century, not only released the greatest amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the 20th century, but also raised forests, significantly depriving the Earth of oxygen, and increasing due to this carbon dioxide gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, thereby increasing the greenhouse effect and causing a GIK.
Thus, the main criminals of global climate change and bad ecology on Earth are the rulers of Western countries, Japan and now China, their transnational companies, and in the first place – cutting down forests, as well as local authorities, who like their last lackeys allow them to do so .
That is why developed countries should transfer new technologies on ecology to developing countries free of charge, providing additional financial support and, most importantly, stopping the forests of the Earth with impunity and beyond measure, because these forests do not belong not only to them, but also to those countries where they grow, and belong to all of humanity.
Madagascar has already begun the irreversible process of extinction of the tropical forest belt, on the rest of the tropical islands, especially in Indonesia, where forests are limited by the size of not very large islands, a critical moment has come: solid forest clearings have already turned many small islands into deserts and even the tropical climate is not able to restore these forests in the near future. By the beginning of the 30s of the 21st century, they will also become irreversible there.
And all this because global financial and woodworking giants strive only for maximum profit, and natural resources are at the disposal of local, central and regional authorities of the country, and international forest management standards should be introduced and special international organizations under the UN auspices should monitor their implementation.
To save forests, the following principles of forest management must be observed:
– as much as he planted and raised forests to 5 years in the desert regions of the Earth and not necessarily in the same country, he cut down so much where he was allowed, and during clear cutting: he planted and restored the forest to 5 years of age and where he cut it. and in the semi-desert terrain of this country or in the great deserts of the earth,
– how much oxygen is burned and carbon dioxide is released, so should an environmental tax on carbon dioxide emissions be enough for it to be enough for growing forests for up to 5 years, able to compensate, i.e. recycle this CO2 at the time of its maturity, that is, at 20-30 years of age,
– how many cars produced with ICE, MANY AND PAYED ENVIRONMENTAL TAX, GOING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINES,
– in the northern regions and the like in other parts of the world: Canada, the USA, Scandinavia, Russia, to carry out only selective cutting: manual, horse-drawn, helicopter and to prohibit clear cutting,
– in order to prevent the growth of the Sahara desert in its south due to a special forest tax on oil and gas companies in Muslim countries, plant a solid forest corridor at least 50 km wide,
– do the same in every country where there is a desert, especially:
– in Turkmenistan, where hundreds of industrial torches are constantly burning, which emit the most harmful carbon monoxide in the world (CO and SO), when they are released in the atmosphere, they combine with water and produce two acids, coal and sulfuric, which together give the most aggressive mixture in world: “royal vodka”
– in Russia and Kazakhstan, where huge tracts are cut down in the taiga, but at the same time in the great Eurasian steppe, which has now turned into a semi-desert, over the past 20 years, not a tree has been planted,
– Chinese firms cutting down forests all over the world should plant or at least pay taxes on which forests should be planted not only for planting forests in these countries, but also in China, but half of China will be soon in the sand, and practically no measures are applied,
– Chinese and foreign firms producing oil and gas in Xinjiang Uygur AR must pay a special tax, which should go to a special account, whose funds should be spent on gardening not only the Uyghur steppe, but also the neighboring Takla Makan desert,
-in the United States, a special environmental tax is imposed on a thousand oil-producing companies in Texas, but which should not go to the federal budget to maintain a huge state bureaucracy, or even a military budget, to create new sophisticated ways of killing people or bombarding another countries, but purposefully to eliminate environmental harm and planting forests not only in Texas, but also in planting its not small deserts, etc., but firms that extract oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico must not only compensate s costs for applying the direct environmental damage, but – and the cost of vosproizvodsto of fishery resources in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean,
– all companies, especially European and local, producing oil in North Africa and in the great Muslim deserts, also have to pay huge taxes to plant them and finally stop their expansion, etc., etc.
– costly (almost billions of dollars each) commercial buildings and facilities used by a narrow circle of people were built in the United Arab Emirates and other countries of the region: Caliph Hassan’s tower, an indoor ski complex, a race track and others, but not a single planted hectares of forest or park in the desert for general needs and not for commercial purposes,
– moreover, the environmental tax on hydrocarbons along the production chain (a mining company processing, selling and consuming) must be in total value of the amount of carbon dioxide required for the complete consumption of green carbon produced by burning these hydrocarbons.
No country in the world has such taxes, no plan for gardening deserts and forest-steppe, at least in their own country, especially in a foreign country, which is very symbolic and regrettable.
After such a statement of the question and the introduction of such taxes, the prices of hydrocarbons will increase, but it is better to let them go to preserve nature than into the pockets of speculators on world markets, which are ecologically friendly, and just to make a profit, and who also have to pay an environmental tax on each operation or at least once a year, going to the UN centralized funds for world environmental needs and projects, including the world environmental police, which will be discussed later.
If part of the VAT (3-5%) is targeted to transfer to environmental costs, and even better, abolish VAT and introduce a single sales tax instead, and introduce VAT only for enterprises of the hydrocarbon production sectors, for industries emitting CO2 – depending on the amount of CO2 emitted then in five years not only 15% of the deserts of Africa and Arabia * can be planted, but all the deserts of the world, and all this will increase the cost of hydrocarbons only by 3-5%. It will be more expensive to apply technologies that purify flue and exhaust gases from CO2, and even more expensive – and environmentally, replacing renewable technologies (see below).
If all these measures are not taken, then this chapter can be ended with the words of the poet:
And when, finally, the ships of the Martians
The globe will be
That will see a solid golden ocean
And they will give him a name: Sahara.
(“Sahara”, N. Gumelev)
_______________
* – see calculation number 9
7. Protecting water resources is the global first and urgent task of our time.
At the present stage the most polluted are water resources. A person consumes less than one millionth of river, lake, rain and groundwater, and he lacks clean fresh water.
Over the past 50 years, fish resources have decreased at least twice and by the middle of the 21st century will become non-renewable, which threatens to increase prices for fish resources 10 or more times.
The current population of the Earth needs no more than 1 trillion. m3 (t) of water per year (see calculation number 3). For example, let’s say that almost such a volume of water carries only one of the largest rivers of Siberia, the Ob, which collects rainwater from all of northern Central Asia. The purest water of Baikal would be enough for more than 25 years FOR THE WHOLE POPULATION of the Earth. One Amazon carries water, which would be enough for all people more than 5 times more than now all over the world, the Caspian Sea collects water from all of Eastern Europe, which would be enough for humanity for more than a hundred years.
But now there is practically not only some large lake or river with normal drinking water, but also shallow ones, and even oceans and seas are filthy with human waste.
In all the glaciers of the world collected the purest fresh water, which would be enough for the current population for hundreds of thousands of years (SEE CALC. No. 3). And so the melting of glaciers is most threatening to the water security of Humanity. But all this does not interest the current financial brokers of the world.
The largest US financial clans own controlling stakes in 80% of the US industrial and financial capital and at least 50% of the world market capital, but they are few and they do only one thing: how to grab all the capital of the world, despite the poisoning of the atmosphere, water and land, GIK and the upcoming environmental disaster. It is as if they live on a different planet, and having carried out coups throughout the world, orange and other “democratic” revolutions, building up the military budget, military bases around the world (80% of foreign military bases belong to the USA), bombing entire countries, invading with the troops (Philippines, Korea, Vietnam, Honduras, Panama, Cuba, El Salvador, Somalia, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria and other countries. Now you don’t remember them: before – under the guise of anti-communism, and now – the defense of “democracy”, every five years to a new country.
Construction in the middle of the 20th century on almost all rivers of dams, dams and dams violated the natural process of self-purification and self-replenishment of river resources. Extraction in huge amounts of sand and gravel in floodplains and at the bottom of rivers In fertile regions, the natural process of regeneration of all river and lake resources, which were predominant in the pre-industrial time, completely deteriorated.
sources of drinking water. The rapid development of industry in the 20th century, without regard to the environment (preparation for the 2nd world wars, revolutions and the Cold War) did not allow to spend money on it: poor cleaning of wastewater, municipal and industrial waters almost all over the world, widespread use chemical fertilizers, spoiled the natural qualities of river and lake waters, and after them sea waters.
All this has caused widespread shortage of drinking water throughout the world, especially in small and medium-sized settlements. A quarter of the world’s population is not only hungry, but also drinks bad water, from which only children die over a million a year. The rest, if drinking water, do not conform to simple sanitary norms, and therefore the second quarter of the population suffers from various diseases. And only 20-30% of the population consumes water barely corresponding to our nature. Over the past 100 years, humanity has shattered water everywhere so that it has retained its nature only in remote areas.
Invisible, but particularly dangerous, as we have previously noted, acidification of sea and ocean water by acidic rain has become, which practically already has a genetically negative effect on the micro flora and fauna of the seas and oceans: plant and living plankton, corals and other microorganisms, including and on land, and from this, not only fish resources have decreased, but also soil fertility has fallen, as it is associated primarily with soil microorganisms, which, like we already noted, worms feed. Of course, it greatly affects soil microorganisms and excessive use of chemicals.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop global standards for wastewater treatment and, most importantly, industrial waters and to force them into operation on a global scale, since water resources, as a rule, do not have state borders. At the same time, industrial waters in any country, at any enterprise should be purified to a high sanitary standard, i.e. to the purity of the possibility of its external use.
To reduce the pollution of the land, and hence water, to cultivate everywhere, CIVING A DOTATION FOR IT, the local ecological agricultural production. The use of chemicals should be very strictly regulated. All this requires enormous financial and physical costs, but all these requirements are absolutely necessary and feasible: there is no cold war and, therefore, financial resources due to the reduction of military budgets and human resources would be enough to move to environmentally clean technologies in 15-20 years, and technology has long been enough.
Therefore it is necessary:
– prohibit mining of construction materials in rivers, and also prohibit in the future from a certain time to develop new open pits on land for the extraction of building materials / sand, rubble / if they are located in an agricultural area with fertile soil, and also reclaim all old quarries,
– those who do not have treatment facilities should be given a period of 2-3 years or close such enterprises,
– to give preferential loans for 5-10 years, FAVORABLE TAXES AND DOTATIONS for the construction of treatment facilities for complete sanitary treatment of waste and industrial waters,
– it is necessary to force all world and state banks to issue concessional loans for 10–15 years for the introduction of new non-waste technologies, the introduction of technologies for the complete recycling of waste, etc., as well as to encourage all major commercial banks to do so.
As we see, we need a set of political, financial, economic, environmental and other measures, and at a meeting in Paris (2016), the world leaders only turned the arrows on the UN.
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2. Technological methods of dealing with global climate change
So, we see that in the next hundred years we will not do without burning hydrocarbons. Therefore, we must find ways to eliminate the emissions of their main components affecting the MEC – these are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
We also know that when carbon monoxide from the furnace enters the atmosphere, it combines with water droplets of clouds, forms carbonic acid (H2CO3) and then these acid rains can fall a thousand kilometers from the source of combustion, destroying all living things, especially microbes. and also causing mutations of living organisms and the emergence of new types of viruses.
1. Thermal power plants and thermal power plants with a comprehensive selection of carbon monoxide gases (smokeless thermal power plants).
But back to our invention. Why did it take more than 25 years, but at least one experimental CHP or TPP was not built, in which a very dangerous gas (SO) would be completely eliminated?
The Soviet Union collapsed and its fragments are not up to it. Why is it not implemented in the West? Afraid to pay for a license? Unlikely. If this invention promised a huge profit, then Western firms would not stop it. The main thing is that we need huge research and experimental costs, and then the costs of manufacturers and they do not want.
So it is necessary to find a different method of purification from CO or to improve and reduce the price of this (steam-water) method.
Well, the third method to facilitate the introduction is, firstly, the introduction of sanctions for non-compliance with the Kyoto, and now the Paris Agreement, and the US has not even signed it, the main poisoner (up to 40% of flue gases). And secondly, to tighten the requirements for gas emissions and their violators, up to the introduction of political, economic and military UN sanctions against countries, governments and firms for violators.
a) obtaining acids at CHP
If you impose strict sanctions, then the engineering thought of the inventors will work and they will find ways to reduce the price of the destruction of the worst enemy of humanity. See one of the examples in fig. 9.
Fig. 9. The scheme of purification from carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and the production of acid (H2CO3) in CHP (scheme of the author of lectures)
1 – firebox
2 – steam boiler
3 – fan
4 – water tank
5 – pipeline with H2CO3 and CO2 vapor
6 – centrifuge separation of acid
7 – tank with acid (H2CO3).
In the same way, steam (excess steam from a steam turbine or boiler) can be used instead of a water tank (4).
And as it is known at the TPP, one pipe comes with flue gas, and the other with steam waste. If they are connected, and not released into the atmosphere, the price of such a TPP will be much lower (see Fig. 10).
Moreover, to completely remove carbon monoxide (CO), it can be passed through an ozonizer, where its residues will be converted into carbon dioxide (CO2), completely excluding it (CO) from entering the atmosphere and receiving liquid CO2 for technical needs.
b) production of liquefied carbon dioxide / CO2 / at thermal power plants
Already, compressed and liquefied carbon dioxide, due to its neutrality, is used in various areas: compressed CO2, as a booster in various cylinders, mainly for brakes, as an effervescent material and most importantly, as cooling gas when it is expanded from liquefied to cool large objects, ice mountains and slaloms, etc .. Therefore, the expansion of its production at TPPs will reduce its cost, and therefore will increase and expand its area of application of what will be
Scheme 3. Carbon dioxide liquefaction station from thermal power plants and thermal power plants (author’s scheme)
Thermal power plants with such flue gas cleaning will have a cost twice as high as the current, but the price of finished products (electricity, heat) will increase only by 20–30%, but such an increase in electricity in the last ten years has been for 5–6 years due to growth cost of hydrocarbons (fuel). And in the coming years – every 5–10 years, the cost of fuel will increase by two, and the cost (price) of heat and electricity in CHP and TPPs – by 50%. Thus, the increase in the cost of the TPP itself does not greatly affect the price of
electricity compared to the increase in prices for the hydrocarbon fuel itself. But it will have recycled waste (see Diagram 3), which can then be applied in various sectors of the economy.
c) areas of application of CO2 waste from thermal power plants
It should be noted that now there are methods and projects for the storage of CO2, incl. in oil wells, mines and other natural reservoirs. But the most important thing is to find new applications for these waste hydrocarbon energy.
First of all, this is an extension of the use of liquefied gas as a cooler, primarily in homes, offices, hotels, and even for cooling various structures, and maybe even roads. And this is very important even now in southern countries and regions: in Muslim countries, where, as a rule, there is a lot of hydrocarbon fuel and a hot climate, etc.
The second direction is the use of liquefied gas in electrical engineering. As you know, liquid CO2 gives a temperature of about 50 degrees below zero, which means that it can be used in large electrical networks to reduce the resistance of electrical current and even to obtain low-temperature superconductivity, that is, all large underground electrical lines can be braided liquefied CO2, which will reduce the losses of electric current hundreds of times, say, from nuclear power plants of alternating current, large solar power stations in deserts, etc.
CO2 waste can also be used to produce metal-plastic carbon materials by building such a plant next to its production or storage.
And, finally, process it into biomass and oxygen at special photosynthesis stations using the sun.
g) environmental ICE
Approximately according to the previous scheme, all internal combustion engines (ICE) for automobiles, diesel locomotives, various lifting equipment, etc., the main atmospheric impregnators with carbon monoxide gas and other very harmful substances should be designed.
Silicon power engineering (CEE) is a general way to reduce and replace energy efficiency indicators.
There are two types of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy: direct, i.e., directly in a semiconductor from selenium or fuerone. But the first one is expensive and limited to a small distribution of selenium material (element), the second material is artificial carbon (carbon modified with nanotechnology) and is still produced in grams.
The second method is through a liquid-crystal design: a silicon or copper semiconductor and a liquid battery. Therefore, they are very bulky and their cost is still very high.
So, we see that none of the types of energy can not replace hydrocarbon. According to the author, only flint, directly transforming solar energy into electrical energy, can be such an energy. By the amount of silicon (Si) – the second largest on Earth and nature has given us the ideal option for the production of environmentally friendly electricity.
Until now, CEE has not been used WIDE for MANY reasons: the cost of silicon converters, since creating them (melting pure silicon from sand) requires a lot of electricity (three times more than smelting metal), which in turn can be obtained from NPP or hydrocarbon power industry.
CEE is low-power and therefore requires electric energy storage (accumulators), the cost of which is commensurate with the cost of converters, and also the cost of land is commensurate with its cost.
I. Finally, the next reason is the high cost of the carriers (holders) of silicon electrical converters (CEP), the cost of which is comparable to the cost of the silicon converter itself, and sometimes more.
This can be eliminated if existing structures are used as a carrier (frame): the outer surface of buildings, structures, bridges, roads, cars and cars, and then the cost of CEE decreases significantly.
One square meter of incident solar energy can yield up to 0.3 kW in a silicon solar converter (PSC). power DC electricity. Thus, if the car covers up to 6 square meters of hull area, it will give power even in subtropical zones, from 20 to 45 degrees of latitude, where most of the world’s deserts are, up to 2 hp. (see calculation №11). This would seem to be a small power, but given that the electric car / solar car / is 2 times lighter, and the efficiency of the electric motor is 3 times higher than that of the ICE, this is already a significant power, i.e. in fact, any existing car, if its outer surface is lined with a silicon shell, can have sufficient power to move using CEE, since cars drive for 1-2 hours per day, and they cost 10-15 hours under the sun and can charge for this time to a power of several tens of kilowatts / in our example is about 60 kW or 70 hp /, and this is enough for any car.
And if you make such a battery (low-voltage) so that it can be recharged not only from the received low-voltage electricity in a silicon converter (CEP – silicon-electric-silver converter or CESP), but also in the conditions of a garage at night – from alternating current, then such electricity for 2 days is enough for 1000 km. of the way.
The same thing will happen if you coat buildings, structures, railway cars, etc., the whole task is in low-voltage batteries. But, if for buildings there will be no problems, then all the lighting, appliances, etc. you can always convert almost without loss into an electric (direct current), then in power units, the higher the voltage, the more powerful the electric motor and the additional costs are needed.
If you make only a window sill, side walls of the window opening, from silicon converters of solar energy into electrical energy (10 mx 0.15 mx 0.3 kW), they will produce at least 0.5 kW. The power of such electric energy of direct current, whose efficiency is higher than that of the current alternating current, (in all non-electric appliances, AC is converted into direct current and almost a third of the electricity is lost) is enough for the complete consumption of electricity by the most massive electrical appliances: lighting , TV, computer / 0,1 kW. + 0.2 kW. + 0.2 kW. = 0.5 kW. / In this room
In addition, the efficiency of DC motors is two times higher than that of AC and 4 times more than that of ICE.
And, if you use external walls, i.e. another 10m2, and windows / 5m2 /, the roof of the house for general and backup needs / at least 20m2 of the roof on the same operating area of 20m2 /, i.e. an additional about 5 kW. power, / (10m2 + 5m2 + 20m2) x 0.15kw. /, OR IN AVERAGE ABOUT 0.1 KW PER M2 RESIDENTIAL AND OFFICE AREA, incl. 2 kW / per 100m2 in a multi-storey building, we see that even in mid-latitudes / up to 50 degrees / there is enough electricity for the whole year, including that in summer – for cooling, and in winter / up to 10 degrees + – 5 / – for heating, i.e. for more than half of the entire globe, which covers 95% of the world’s population. And only in the northern territories (beyond the parallel above 50 degrees) in the winter additional power will be needed for heating.
Thus, if it was possible to coat all artificial structures with a silicon coating, we would replace 50% of all the generated energy with clean and infinite (renewable) energy and, moreover, would reduce its cost by half .
It should be noted at the same time that the efficiency of electrical appliances on direct current is 4 times higher than on alternating current, and the price is almost 2 times less, because Most of the current electrical equipment operates on direct current, converted from a variable with a rectifier, which is no longer needed in a direct current circuit, that is, the price of the instruments is almost 2 times lower.
Thus, the replacement of AC circuits with a constant one should save three times the energy consumption and 2 times the costs, and therefore save (reduce) emissions of harmful gases by 5-6 times.
One square meter of KSPE costs about 2 thousand dollars, and it produces in the Mediterranean about 3 kW-hours per day, at least 1 thousand kW-hours per year, i.e. pays off even at current prices in 20-25 years.
Thus, we see that even in the current conditions, CEE can pay off a maximum of 30 years (for buildings and structures), and since the shelf life of a solid silicon coating will be more than 100 years, the rest of the time it will give current for free, without poisoning at all the atmosphere.
If we can increase the efficiency of CESP, reduce the cost by 2 times due to mass character, reduce silicon consumption due to new technologies by 2-3 times, then the payback may come even earlier, in just 10-15 years, and the remaining 50 years the building and the structure will receive electricity for free and most importantly, without polluting the Earth.
But, if we increase the lifetime of buildings / due to the use of foam-stone products / PVCL in construction, whose service life is thousands of years, and the system for converting solar energy into electrical energy in it / and technically this is possible in principle even up to a thousand years, since semiconductor silicon from the sun and time practically does not fail, in contrast to artificial semiconductors /, the effect of CEE will be amazing, that is, the actual efficiency will be much more than now in AC networks.
Consequently, the whole problem lies in the current reduction in the cost of flint converters, so that they would pay off in 20-30 years in the current short lifetime of the buildings / 60-100 years /.
This can be achieved if on-site (in the desert) mass continuous production (melting) of sand and its transformation into pure silicon and its application on building structures with small areas is organized, since the smaller the area of the silicon coating, the smaller its thickness can be. which means consumption and cost of CEE.
Approximately, the same problem is in foam-stone and fiber products: high energy intensity of manufacturing, and as a result, the cost is 4-5 times higher than traditional ones. But by themselves, foam-stone products are lighter, absolutely environmentally friendly (compared to hydrocarbon wallpapers), etc., very durable (designs and furniture up to 1000 years, wallpaper is 100 years old) and the most common materials are used as the main source material. on the ground: sand and stone.
But the most important thing is that the foam-stone products are not only capable of completely replacing hydrocarbon products and they are environmentally clean materials, but they are absolutely fireproof, i.e. in pure form, they do not burn, but only melt and do not emit substances harmful to living organisms. And the statistics of fires says that the majority of deaths during fires occur in the first 10-20 minutes from poisoning with harmful combustion gases: from carbon monoxide and chemical gases, and not from thermal burns.
Therefore, it is already necessary to pass laws. forcing hydrocarbon materials to be replaced with foam-fiber-carbon materials in responsible structures and in places of large concentrations of people: subways, tunnels, theaters, transport, etc. This is primarily in sound thermo and electrical insulation, interior and exterior decoration, etc. etc.
Of course, the economic feasibility and profitability of the mass introduction of foam-stone products will arise only when at least half of the CEE will be replaced with CEE: lighting, heating and cooling of buildings and structures, which are now spent about 60% of electricity, which can be freely replaced by CEE, This will release the power of the alternating current at the beginning of the EEE, and then the AEE, which can first be directed to the coating of concrete products with silicon / VSKOK /, and then to silicon-coated PVCL plants.
Thus, if we start mass production of foam-stone products lined with silicon coating (thickness less than 1 mm) for converting solar energy into electrical energy in buildings and structures, then their cost will decrease by another two times, and the payback period will be 20-30 years, which is already acceptable taking into account that their service life (of such buildings) is from 100 to 1 thousand years.
Thus, we see that flint energy (non-force and low-power) together with nuclear (power) can completely replace hydrocarbon energy, which is now used both there and there, but it is dangerous for the GIK, and secondly, it once will end, unlike sand (Si) and stone (Ca), which constitute not only the mantle of the Earth, but also the entire body of the Earth.
Whatever activity a person is engaged in, he still needs premises, buildings, structures, cars, and transportation that are illuminated by the sun, which means they can supply themselves with CEE with electricity.
Thus, the current technologies for the production of electricity and the construction of buildings and structures, which are already more than a hundred years old, are very behind and harmful from all sides. They emerged at the end of the 19th century, since then there was no nuclear energy, it was 50 years behind, since it was necessary first to smelt metal and build machines for its processing. We can now smelt metal using nuclear power engineering, and we can replace metalworking machines with an AC motor now with DC motors from batteries, and in turn charge them from the sun with silicon transducers installed on external, wall and aperture surfaces. factories and factories and even roads and sidewalks can calmly serve this.
About half of the hydrocarbon energy and forest resources have already been mined and burned irrevocably for mankind. Of the remaining energy resources in nature (hydrocarbons), half is very difficult to produce and the cost of their production will grow steadily until it is an order of magnitude higher.
But burning hydrocarbons for energy needs is an irreparable loss for mankind, i.e., as D.I. Mendeleev, to burn oil, is the same as to burn with banknotes: to destroy your own work, besides – to cause tremendous damage to nature. After all, they can produce various very valuable products, including feeding products (at least for animals).
In the future, it will be possible to make any organic matter out of hydrocarbons, including biological robots. After all, the man himself is 99.99% composed of calcium and hydrocarbons with water.
Therefore, the value in itself of hydrocarbons is immeasurably higher than just energy, by burning which, in addition, we destroy the atmosphere in which we live and which is the basis of life on Earth.
Nowhere else in our entire galaxy have any planet been found that even slightly like our unique parameters that give life on Earth and ecological energy:
1. Changes in the position of the continents in height and width constantly change nature, which makes it diverse, and diversity is a sign of the system’s vitality.
2. A very large amount of the main substance on the Earth, of which all plants and animals consist, it is water / 1 place among substances / and the main elements (Ca and Si) of which the Earth consists are suitable for housing construction and power generation).
3. The slope of the Earth gives a change of seasons practically throughout its entire territory, which means the diversity and movement of species of flora and fauna.
4. The presence among the plants of the south of the spice, which preserve many substances and kill many microbes, practically all diseases have natural substances for their treatment: herbs, fruits, organs of animals, etc.
5. The presence of large amounts of calcium as the main building material of flora, fauna and society.
6. The presence of a large number of sands as the future source material for flint energy.
7. The presence of the ozone layer to protect all life from ultraviolet rays.
8. The presence at the poles of large stocks of clean water: and at the south pole is also land with a lake.
9. All large continents are remote from each other, but still have small connecting land and another.
And because of the “whim” of technical progress, on which only large companies and clans profit, the very basis of life on Earth is being destroyed.
There is no doubt that the energy and environmental crisis by the middle of the 21st century will put humanity on the brink of survival, as it was already more than once in its history, and if a person can adapt in advance, he will survive, if not, then his death is inevitable, as it was more than once other representatives of homosapiens.
When by the middle of the 21st century, the oceans and seas will be so dirtied that there will be very little fish in them, not only for feeding people, but also for their reproduction, when one liter of gasoline will cost ten times more than it is now (i.e. 10 dollars per liter), and not only gasoline, but also any natural resources, when due to all this there will be dozens of wars on the whole Earth and even a nuclear war of superpowers may begin, then it will be too late.
The barbarous use of nature should be replaced by an absolutely (or the maximum possible) harmless use of natural resources, complete closed and practically waste-free production, to a radical improvement in the ecology of the earth and especially the seas and oceans, the transition from hydrocarbon to solar and renewable energy, from hydrocarbon / wood and plastics / stone and flint materials. The New Stone Age (NKV) should come, in which stone and silicon should play the main role again in human society, but at a new level, confirming the law of dialectics that development goes in a spiral, or rather it could be called the Millenium of Silicon / Flint century /, but this will happen if a person in the 21st century is called a rational man, and not as it can now be called only as a greedy and stupid man, especially his rulers.
The widespread use of nuclear energy is dangerous. Then, nuclear power plants can be built only in sparsely populated areas, which also limits their use. They can and should be built where power electricity is needed: in electric smelting furnaces (in the production of steel, aluminum, copper, silicon, sand, foam, etc.).
There are many other types of energy alternative to hydrocarbon (for example, hydrogen-oxygen), but the main one should be solar, because she is:
a) inexhaustible;
b) ecologically pure;
c) almost universal.
The disadvantage for CEE in the current transport industry is also: the body of the car is done separately, and the body of the solar battery is also separate. And it is necessary to impose a layer of semiconductors directly into the body of the car, which would process solar into electrical energy. And this should already be a fundamentally new technology for autobuilding (as well as car building and can even be used in aviation).
If all existing buildings and structures could process the solar energy falling on them, then it would be enough for 100% of non-power energy and a third – power, i.e. it would be enough for heating, cooling, lighting, etc. buildings, street lighting, etc. and half car vehicles (on electric batteries and trolleys).
Per 1 m2 drops to 1 kW of solar energy. If we accept, as we decided earlier, that it is technically possible to turn at least 0.25–0.3 kW in vehicles, then the surface of a car can give, as we have already noted, 0.5 to 2 kW of electrical energy, i.e. in terms of hydrocarbon engine, it is 50–150 hp. And this is enough for a normal car. But for this it is necessary that its body (outer surface) was covered with a semiconductor material or the semiconductor material itself constituted this body.
Buses and trolley buses can produce (process) from 5 to 10 kW. energy, and trains from 20 to 100 kW, which is enough to drive these vehicles. Not only CEE gives the ability to create and trains on a magnetic cushion as will be discussed later.
3. Complex development of deserts and mountains.
The main disadvantage of direct (semiconductor – on selenium, copper and silicon semiconductors) solar energy, as we noted earlier, is the high cost of semiconductor materials (selenium, silicon, etc.), because need a lot of electricity to heat the ore: 3-5 times more than for metal.
But this disadvantage can be eliminated if we develop a project for direct, continuous, integrated and closed processing of sand into silicon and simultaneously applying it to external elements of buildings and structures directly during their manufacture with the corresponding electrical circuits.
To do this, you need to create a new type, WITHOUT A LIQUID CONVERTER, KPI, ligated in such a way as to directly generate solar energy into electricity.
To do this, in the deserts it is necessary to build plants for the processing of sand into silicon in large numbers, working on electricity and, moreover, on power electricity. For this, nuclear power plants (NPPs) must be built nearby.
And then you can not only get cheap pure silicon, but also a lot of secondary secondary products (metals, limestone, molusa, cement and other building materials (see the scheme of integrated development of mountains and deserts Fig. 12).
Figure 11. Scheme of sand and stone processing in solar products. Scheme of the author of the lecture.
Рис.3 Схема переработки песка и камня в гелио изделия (комплексное освоение пустыни) – Fig. 3 Scheme of processing sand and stone in helio products (integrated desert development).
пустыня – desert.
Самоходный комплекс сортировки песка – Self-propelled sand grading complex,
чистый песок – чистый песок,
белый песок – White sand,
известняк, малуза – limestone, malusa,
щебень – crushed stone.
Плавильня – Smelter.
Пено-вато-каменный завод ПКИ) – Foam Wadding Plant (FWP)
Завод ЖБИ и ПКИ – Plant of reinforced concrete products (RCP) and FWP
АЭС (атомная электростанция) – NPP (nuclear power plant),
ж/д на магнитной подушке – railway on a magnetic pad,
бетонная смесь – concrete mix/
Плавильня кремния – Silicon Smelter.
Плодородная смесь – Fertile mix
СБОК ( строительные блоки с обмазкой кремния) – BBSC (building blocks with silicon coating).
Искусственный тропический лес (парк) – Artificial rainforest (park)
If you do not make a comprehensive processing of desert sand, but only focus on obtaining pure silicon (Si), then, since pure silicon makes up only 10-20% of sand, there will be incredible waste and deserts will be ecologically 100% ecologically polluted.
The integrated development of the desert simultaneously eliminates all three factors affecting the MEC:
– production of semiconductor silicon for CEE replaces EEE and thereby reduces the burning of hydrocarbons, and hence the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere,
– due to artificial planting and natural growth of flora increases the forest cover and the whole flora of the earth’s surface, and hence the processing of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its reduction in it,
-includes agricultural production, and hence with it, the processing of carbon dioxide into oxygen,
– complex development of mountains will reduce, and maybe completely replace, the use of hydrocarbon materials, which will reduce, and even completely stop deforestation, and this will increase the processing of carbon dioxide, which will reduce the growth of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,
– reclamation of land in deserts: supplying water to all natural and artificial oases in deserts, planting forests in certain areas, especially along the edges of deserts to prevent their expansion, expanding areas and intensifying agricultural production and other measures will lead to more and more sediment retention in deserts, which means a more even distribution of them across the globe, which can reduce the force and will mitigate the negative moments from storms, storms, storms and maybe even reduce the strength and frequency of hurricanes, tornadoes and typhoons c, in any case, after CEE replaces EEE and the temperature on Earth stabilizes.
In addition, it solves many of the most important economic tasks now facing the world community:
– additional food production,
– increase in employment due to the increase in jobs up to 1 billion,
– Problems of the current immigration of the population of these regions to the countries of the West.
The integrated development of deserts, and in the future of mountains, requires the solution of the most important political problems:
– reduction of military expenditures in order to release funds for the integrated development of deserts, otherwise it is impossible,
– to establish a political dialogue, both between countries in the desert regions, and between them and the northern, more developed countries, since they have common interests in this: some have technologies, others have sand, and both have means. someone more human, and someone – financial,
– GIK has a negative effect on both sides: some will be increasingly flooded with water, others will not grow anything with increasing heat, which will have a negative impact on the health of the population.
But then all this material and constructions from the desert will have to be transported all over the Earth.
In silicon solar converters (PSC) the thickness of a pure silicon converter, and hence its price, depends on the area: the smaller the area of converting silicon, the smaller its thickness.
This means that it is economically unprofitable to transport silicon sheets from metallurgical plants in deserts around the world for direct (ready) use in solar converters, since then their thickness, and hence the cost, will be high.
It will be economically unprofitable to melt the silicon blanks for application on site, worldwide, of buildings and structures, since silicon needs to be melted a second time, and this will be double electrical expenses of power electricity and the double price of such PCBs.
It will not be economically feasible to transport building structures and elements plastered with silicon at a
distance of more than 500 km., As it is now for concrete goods, since the weight of building elements is a thousand times more than the silicon coating itself, and hence the cost of transportation, will be immeasurably large. And if metallurgical plants for the smelting of pure silicon are done only in the desert, then the distances for transportation of building structures smeared with silicon / SBOK / to the construction site around the world will be much more.
As previously noted, it is necessary to prohibit the extraction of sand in rivers and even in quarries in agricultural regions.
Therefore, according to the author, the most acceptable scheme for developing deserts and mountains is the enrichment of sand in deserts / washing of sand from excess components and its thermal incineration / to the highest content of pure silicon, up to 30-50%, i.e. pure sand / S2O3 / – up to 90% – 100% and deliver it worldwide, as there are concrete goods in almost all cities. Only it will not be concrete, and the plant for the production of building structures with the application of silicon on them / building blocks coated with silicon – SBOK /.
Then, no re-energy is spent on re-melting of silicon, and transportation costs, on sand, are reduced tenfold compared with the transportation of finished building structures. * And thus, gold sands will become truly gold and gold in the world will be sand, ie “Gold gold” or “yellow gold” or “desert gold”, i.e. desert gold, i.e. siliconite ..
The main part of the desert and sand is in the subtropics and passes through North Africa, Arabia, Central Asia, the Gobi and Takla Makan Deserts in China, i.e. approximately on one parallel, and it is NECESSARY TO ALLOW THE SAND ALL OVER THE WORLD, where there are concrete goods.
Obviously, along all these transcontinental deserts, it is necessary to build ultra high-speed automobile, and even better, railways with a speed of up to 1000 km / h.
Such railways, superhigh-speed, can only be on a magnetic cushion, which require a large consumption of power electricity, i.e. built a number of nuclear power plants. But since these places are, as a rule, desert and near mountains, it is advisable to build them near non-seismic mountains and deserts.
When Afroasiyskaya well. on a magnetic cushion, world-wide silicon production will be built and adjusted not only in deserts, but also from imported desert sand — and throughout the world, and the deserts themselves will be developed with the best ecology; to South America (near Fortoleza, Brazil) and from there to the Chilean mountain plateau and Patagonia, and the other branch to the north along the Cordelier to Central and North America.
In this place of the Atlantic Ocean:
– the narrowest ocean;
– The smallest depth / no more than 2 km. /;
– the most calm weather / no tsunami and typhoon /;
– there are no icebergs.
The truth is the only and very unpleasant drawback is the volcanic activity on the ocean floor and the movement of the earth plates. But the movement of the earth plates is everywhere between continents, it is necessary to study possible sudden movements and their prediction. All this can be studied with the help of space observations and the main task of space research in near-Earth space in the 21st century should be this, i.e. establishing predictions of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which is already possible even with modern technology, to protect old buildings and build new ones in earthquake-prone areas.
This tunnel is needed in order to supply the entire large American continent with enriched sand from northern Africa on the one hand, and on the other hand, to supply fossil-stone products (PVCL) from the plants around the Cordillera and clean drinking water from the glaciers of southern Patagonia and Antarctica to northern Africa and maybe even Alaska and Greenland. After all, for drinking only the Greenland ice, it’s enough for all people to use 5 thousand years, and the rest of the ice should be drunk for about a million years. To drink the current population of the Earth, and in the next thousand years, you need only 15-20 billion tons of water per year, and on Earth only fresh water more than 100 thousand trillion tons, which is fully restored in 5-10 years, and At the time, 20% of the population suffers from thirst, 40% drink bad water.
Plants built in the deserts of Australia, flint metallurgical and sand-dressing / KMZ and POZ /, can connect via the main line through the islands with China, from there to the Bering Strait and the Polar Railway. magnetic cushion around the Arctic Ocean 9 SEE FIGURE 16)
In the area of the Arctic Ocean, in addition to ice, which can be used for drinking water in the deserts of Central Asia and China / Takla-Makan /, there are very rich mineral deposits: 40% of iron ore (Novaya Zemlya, Russia), a third of nickel and copper (Norilsk, Russia), diamonds and gold (Eastern Siberia), oil and gas (Alaska, Greenland, shelf In the Arctic Ocean, the temperature of water and air over which will increase in the near future), not yet fully developed and explored the riches of the bottom of the Arctic about kean (oil, gas, iron ore, non-ferrous metals, etc.).
In addition, the most extensive forest areas (the taiga of Siberia, forests of Canada, and others) are adjacent to this area, giving about 25% of the Earth’s produced oxygen and the same amount of forest.
All these riches of the Far North are very necessary in the middle and southern latitudes, where all the deserts are located and which, as a rule, are poor in these resources.
Therefore, transcontinental CFMP is needed, which will connect these areas with the International CFMP (see Fig. 16).
No matter how severe the climatic conditions on Earth are, they are still better than on the Moon or Mars, because as long as there is the main thing than breathing – everything else will come and the cost of developing any terrestrial territories is a thousand times less than when developing other planets.
Therefore, not mastering the Moon and Mars, but mastering the harsh regions of the Earth, should become the priority of mankind not only in the 21st century, but also in the 3rd millennium. You must first learn how to properly use your planet and most importantly – not to ruin it, and then climb to other planets. Having not mastered space technologies on Earth, the world community has nothing to do in space.
So, using funds from the lunar program, you can master and transform the Gobi Desert or most of the Sahara into a blooming garden. But instead of uniting for this, the superpowers compete in order to obtain and deliver “heavy water” from the moon to the earth, which so far can only be used to manufacture thermonuclear bombs that are needed and can only destroy life. on the ground.
4. Technical and economic problems of CEE and their solution.
a) technical tasks
The total development of solar energy is the general and strategic path of development and salvation of mankind. The transition from hydrocarbon energy to solar energy, as noted earlier, requires the full and complex processing of desert sands and mountain stones and the transportation of heavy and bulky goods for solar energy conversion to electricity throughout the world.
Not only the industrial production of converters should not go through narrow-profile production, i.e. the production of semiconductors from silicon and its distribution around the world, but also the production and delivery of foam products.
And if you deliver ready-made reinforced concrete, concrete, foam-stone and metal structures with an outer silicon coating in all directions, you need a powerful high-speed (V> 500 km / h) railway not only at least along the future industrial belt: Gobi desert – Uigur deserts – Central Asian deserts – Afghanistan – Iran – Arabia – Sahara – Atlantic Ocean – Brazil – Chilean Plateau – Patogonia, but also continental CFMP (see Fig. 16).
Only the construction of such a network of magnetic-cushioned railways with a cargo, passenger and automobile compartment, and everything, two-way traffic, will make it possible to comprehensively master the desert and solve not only energy problems, but also:
1) The development of deserts and solar energy instead of hydrocarbon and the powerful development of the weak South (developing countries).
2) Transportation of prefabricated building elements of the solar industry.
3) Ecological improvement of rivers and areas of current production of building materials, which is located in the agricultural belt.
4) Capital improvement of residential desert infrastructure.
5) Improving the development and settlement of the Far North, as well as southern Africa, Australia and south-west South America (Chile and Argentina).
6) The elimination of hydrocarbon boilers, thermal power plants, shopping centers, thermal power plants and radical improvement of the climate on the planet.
7) Radical improvement of land freight and passenger traffic.
8) Radical improvement of housing infrastructure and development of new uninhabited areas.
9) Radical improvement of tourism in the world.
10. The increase in jobs by 1 billion, and the population by 2-4 billion people.
For its implementation it is necessary to solve major scientific, technical and design problems:
1) Creating efficient and powerful magnetic cushion trains (PMP).
2) Creating a submarine tunnel with PMP.
3) The introduction into the mass production of direct production of pure silicon from sand.
4) Mass production of heavy-duty “Fortran” directly from stone and sand waste (foam and cotton blocks – PVKB)
5) Mass production of semiconductor silicon building structures.
6) Production of metal structures with silicon.
7) Production of roads with silicon coating for the processing of solar energy into electricity.
8) Conducting underwater tunnel with ZhDMP across the Atlantic Ocean.
9) Liquidation of current CHP on hydrocarbons.
10) Creation of a space tracking system for the drift of continents and plates.
11) Prediction of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
12) Establishment of institutes for research on the justification, design and construction of the MERMP under the auspices of the UN.
13) Creation of technology (silicon converters) on a solid basis.
14) Conduct an approximate investment scheme under the auspices of the UN:
– 25% of investments from UN funds:
– 25% of investments from the budget of countries,
– 25% of investments at the expense of the IMF,
– 25% of investments at the expense of economic funds of investment firms.
b) economic tasks
As we see, no one country can cope with such a daunting task and all countries can and should participate in it, and then the project will be real. The timing of its implementation depends on whether a certain part of people can change their thinking and start a global change in the public climate on Earth for the better in time. Extreme deadlines can be roughly defined as such.
If by 2030 individual countries and the UN do not start scientific and economic developments in the development of solar energy, and by 2035 a decision should be made about mass production of silicon coating, then it will be too late.
If countries by this time realize and unite for the integrated development of deserts (see Fig. 13), then by 2040 it will be possible to start it. If there is no integrated development, then there will be the death of deserts at the beginning, and then the global crisis.
Then, by 2050, it will be possible to massively develop deserts globally and turn them into artificial oases: the simultaneous construction of integrated sand processing plants, the construction of the Sahara – Central Asia magnetic cushion railways and access roads to it.
By this time, the price of oil will be around $ 200 per barrel or $ 5 per liter of gasoline, and the economic advantage of solar energy will become apparent.
If hydrocarbons still remain by this time, then this will be the salvation of mankind and then in 25-30 years the railway on a magnetic cushion can be built and the mass development of deserts and the transition to solar energy will begin. In 50–100 years, half of the structures can be built with the processing of solar energy. Half of the old houses will be covered with a flint semiconductor. Only the masterpieces of the current civilization will remain uncovered, they will hang around like the Egyptian pyramids.
As we see: for the transition to solar energy, which should cover up to 50% of all the energy needs of mankind, it takes at least 100 years and there is almost no time left for reflection (15-10 years).
5. International railway magnetic cushion / MZHMP /
a) Necessity and economic feasibility
Since, for the transportation of building structures, we need a powerful transport, and we have recognized hydrocarbon as harmful for a GIK and unpromising (exhaustion of resources), then such transport can only be railway and environmentally friendly if it is powered by electricity. On electric low-power cars it is slow, not economical, and sometimes impossible in terms of power.
In addition, the equator, where the maximum power of the incident solar energy is located to the south of these deserts, it is advisable to train. start up along the equator. Since ZhDMP will pass through deserted places, the distance between stations will be huge. The most advantageous to quickly transport large and heavy loads for such a long distance with the help of a magnetic cushion, since the power consumption is almost independent of the speed of the carriage on a magnetic cushion, and in all other vehicles the power consumption depends on the weight of the cargo and on the speed of its movement .
Approximate calculations show / see the author’s calculation / that the price of cargo transportation at MZHMP will be only 4 times more expensive than the current cost of land transportation, but then 15-20 times faster, and is comparable to the current price and speed in aviation and will become its direct competitor even now.
But given that the cost of hydrocarbon fuel, as well as hydrocarbon materials, will increase by about 10 times over 100 years, then by the time of construction of MZHMP, i.e. By the beginning of the 22nd century, MZHD will be more profitable not only for aviation, but also for any land transport on hydrocarbon fuels. Thus, from this point of view, hydrocarbon fuels have no prospects in the 22nd century.
Of course, the MZHMP over the Atlantic and the Polar MZHMP will be several times more expensive than the continental ones, but by the time they start replacing hydrocarbon materials with foam-carbon materials, they will be economically profitable, as there is little water and stone in Africa, and little sand in South America. and counter-loads will pay for these lines for 50-60 years of operation, not to mention the preservation of the nature of our planet.
After the construction of the Atlantic tunnel and the North American / Canadian / railway station. and Latin American to Siberian railways. the construction of the Polar railway will become economically feasible. /cm. rice sixteen/
b) Main technical problems and their solution
1) Creating an effective low-energy (per unit of weight or area) continuous furnace for producing pure (semiconductor) silicon and coating it with building structures of both the old type / ZHBI / and the new (from slagstone) type.
To do this, it is necessary to combine three energy-intensive processes in one power plant: making a stone from the stone of a slaughter-stone (boiling stone), heating enriched sand and producing semiconductor silicon (melting silicon) and applying it on foam-foam stone (PVC) structures.
2) Creating an effective MZHMP, most likely a combination (see Fig. 12) (together with a car), which should carry an astronomical amount of goods and passengers: stones from mountains, sand from deserts, building structures from building plants, water (ice) from the Arctic , Antarctica, Greenland and Patagonia to the deserts and their cities.
The heaviest section is the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean (see Fig. 13, 14) and the main thing is to keep the tunnel-pipe in a stable position from undercurrents, tsunamis and seismic waves, which are very active at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Anchors will have the maximum depth of application and oscillations of cables, underwater floats – will fluctuate from waves and storms.
Therefore, a deep-water (along the ocean floor) version should be developed and compared. The estimated cost of all these lines is at least $ 100 million per kilometer.
The main feature of such a project of the ZDPM is the availability of an ELECTRON-SOLAR PLATFORM-BATTERY along the whole movement, capable of providing electricity from the processing of solar energy. All this energy should be collected in the electric storage rooms along the movement of cars on a magnetic cushion every 20-30 km.
The second feature of such a railway is that the outer surface of the vaons must also be able to convert solar energy into electrical energy. And then such ZhDMP WILL FULLY FUNCTION ON AUTONOMOUS ECOLOGICAL NUTRITION.
Fig. 12. Ground Combined MZHMP
(scheme of the author of the lecture)
1 – cargo semi-underground two-way line MDJMP
2 – passenger platform
3 – passenger two-way ground line MZHMP
4 – trolley bus from solar electricity
5 – electric cars on batteries from solar energy platforms
6 – electric cars on batteries and solar energy from their own body / sunmobiles /
7 – Electro-solar “battery platform”
8 – railway. magnetic cushion
9 – separation wall of the ground tunnel
Полярная ЖДМП (Полярная железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – Polar Railway Railway Transport (Polar railway on a magnetic pad).
Сиб.ЖДМП ( Сибирская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – Sib.RWMP (Siberian railway on a magnetic pad)/
ЕЖДМП ( Европейская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – ERWMP (Europe magnetic cushion railway).
ВАЖДМП (Восточноафриканская железная дога на магнитной подушке) – EARWDMP (East African Iron Dog on a magnetic pad)
САЖДМП(Сахарская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – SARWMP (Sahara railway on a magnetic pad).
Австр.ЖДМП (Австралийская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – Austrian Railway МР(Australian Magnetic Pillow Railway).
Л-АЖДМП (Латино-американская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – L-ARWMP (Latin American magnetic cushion railway).
АЖДМП (Американская железная дорога на магнитной подушке) – ARWMP (American Magnetic Pillow Railway).
ТЖДМП (Тихоокенская железнач дорога на магнитной подушке) – TRWMP (Pacific Railway on a magnetic cushion).
– – – – Международная железная дорога на магнитной подушке – International magnetic cushion railway,
– – – – Континентальна железная дорога на магнитной подушке – Continental magnetic cushion railway
– тундра и ледники – tundra and glaciers,
– зона пустынь и гор – zone of deserts and mountains,
– зона растительности – vegetation zone
Fig. 13. International railway network magnetic cushion for the integrated development of solar energy and PKI. (project of the author of the lecture)
Fig.14 Scheme of underwater tunnel MZHMP (scheme of the author of the lecture)
1 – deep-sea anchor (up to 2 km)
2 – technical premises
3 – main overpass
4 – compensation float
5 – signal float
6 – two-way passenger line MZHMP
7 – two-way electric car overpass
8 – technical premises for maintenance of the outer shell of the tunnel
9 – double-sided cargo line MZHMP
10 – bottom support (up to 500 m)
11 – pressure chamber
The submarine line MJMP in the Atlantic has the following main problems:
a) stability and strength from the Atlantic undercurrent,
b) the strength of the outer shell at a depth (200 atm.) and more.
To solve the first problem, a system of underwater supports, anchors and floats is needed.
6. Economic and political problems of the implementation of flint electricity
Until economic conditions are created for the introduction of CEE, it will be impossible. But wait until the price of hydrocarbon fuel and materials rises to the level at which it would be beneficial to introduce CEE / price of 1 liter of gasoline –5 dollars, that is 5 times higher than, for example, in 2010, and other alternative energy sources and materials /, it means waiting until all the forests are cut down, oil and gas reserves are depleted and all the Earth’s waters are dirtied, i.e. wait for the second half, or even the end of the 21st century.
Therefore, if the world community decides, within 5 years, to stop designing old energy facilities / TPPs, CHP plants and internal combustion engines /, after another five years, stop building them, and after another 10 years, exploit / ie modernize the old ones into new ones or close them /, only then / with the inevitable increase in prices for hydrocarbon fossils / economic conditions will arise for the introduction of integrated selection and utilization of flue gases and CEE. And then in fair competition between them it will be found out: to whom, how much and what to produce. In our opinion at a ratio of 1: 6, that is, hydrocarbon energy should be 10% of the total, and CEE – 60. And who will not comply with environmental standards should pay an environmental tax in the amount of the costs necessary for the disposal of harmful emissions and waste.
But new hydrocarbon installations for the complete cleaning of flue gases / UUPODG – see item 2 / will, as a rule, be twice as expensive as the old ones, i.e. present, which means that they will not be profitable to implement, and why it has been so far. Therefore, they need to be implemented simultaneously all over the world, which means that in the context of globalization and global competition, common decisions should be taken all over the world.
The current costs of hydrocarbon equipment and CEE (for example, cars with internal combustion engines and solar vehicles) cannot compete and, most importantly, cannot be compatible in power until new technologies for the production of pure silicon are created: welding silicon sheets, applying thin silicon on metal sheets, on concrete goods and SBOK, doping of semiconductor silicon in order to give it plasticity during stamping or transparency and others.
These new technologies require enormous upfront costs, and under the conditions of the current MFES, when the law of obtaining maximum profit in the shortest time is in force, they have not been implemented for many decades / are not introduced into mass and mass production /, so they can only be carried out with the help of centralized state projects. In addition, since their implementation requires even more funds, which will be shown below, such funds / material, financial, human / can only be found by combining them on an international scale. This means that we need common political efforts to create not only national but also international bodies and regulators of this entire policy.
1. Economic problems
The main principles of the location of CEE complexes are the presence of sand and mountains nearby. Then from such a factory (concrete products and PKI) with minimal costs go building structures that are completely ready for the processing of solar into electrical energy.
The main principle of the location (passage) of the railway on a magnetic cushion is the proximity to these factories, but in deserted areas: on the border of mountains and lowlands, deserts and steppes.
For plating silicon with metal structures, only pure silicon (preferably in liquid form) is needed; therefore, such plants can be built and where there is no sand, but there is a stone and it is necessary to bring silicon and build them in the northern (middle) latitudes.
Thus, CEE combines can be scattered around the world near the mountains, but the development of the desert should be complex (see Fig. 11).
The project for the implementation of integrated development, for example, of the Sahara desert should have the following stages and economic indicators.
No project, no construction can be carried out without electricity and water, so such a project must begin with the construction of energy centers.
For the Sahara, it seems to me that there can only be nuclear power plants. Therefore, along the sea shores of the Sahara, at a distance of 100–300 km from the coast should be built at the first stage (and gradually, that is, gradually) 10 NPPs: 2 – on the Indian Ocean coast, 5 – Mediterranean, and 3 – on the Atlantic coast.
The first blocks of these NPPs should be loaded (sent) to supply electricity to the AOC (nuclear desalination stations). Having first supplied the main and existing cities with fresh water, then fresh water should be directed to the development of most of the existing oases of North Africa, then to build factories for concrete products and PKI, for the production of CEE / SBOK building blocks.
At the second, or rather, it will already be the third stage, it is necessary to build a transoceanic railway on a magnetic cushion (TOJDAMP – Africa’s transoceanic railway on a magnetic cushion) or SAYHDMP.
At the fourth stage, it is necessary to master the rest of the desert (Central Asia and China) in the same way.
At the fifth stage, it is to build a transatlantic magnetic cushion railway (TADMP) across the Atlantic Ocean to the Chilean mountains and deserts. Parallel to master the desert and mountains of Australia. Then build ZhMMP through the islands of Indonesia to China and then PZHMP (polar railway for the development of the coast and shelf of the Arctic Ocean). Then it is necessary to build a number of smaller CFMPs: from east Africa to Namibia, from Central Asia to the Arctic Ocean, from North Africa to Europe, and from Brazil through America and on to the polar CFMP (PZHMP).
We will try to calculate only the first two stages, i.e. integrated development of the deserts of North Africa, based on the fact that according to approximate calculations, 1 km of CFMP will cost at least $ 100 million.
A) The first stage (production of CEE).
a) Scientific research on the integrated development of the Sahara desert – 10 billion dollars:
– definition of protected areas and conservation measures and animal assistance,
– definition of zones for complex industrial processing of sand and preparing them for development,
– identification of existing oases for their improvement with the help of additional water supply and small works for their improvement, and carrying out these works,
– definition of zones for creating new oases and settlements and carrying out preparatory work,
– identification of zones of forest and bushes to limit the growth of deserts and carrying out the necessary work,
– identification of new areas of agricultural production and other research and development work / NO and OKR / and their preparation for development,
– definition of the main industrial areas and their preparation for development,
– definition of related industries at each zone of industrial integrated development of the desert and other NI and OCD
b) conducting research and development and construction of 10 -15 nuclear power plants and 20-30 nuclear power plants around the desert with a total installed capacity of 250 million kW. – 250 billion US dollars
c) 1000 CBS– 250 billion
d) water lines to existing cities and settlements – 240 billion.
e) waterways along the whole desert for the development of oases – 500
e) water lines for flint reinforced concrete and PVCI plants – 100
K) 20 -30 plants RC and PVC – 800
l) 10 NPPs for flint and PVC plants (extra-x) – 250
m) housing, road and other infrastructure to them – 900
m) agricultural infrastructure – 800
Total stage I – 5000 billion dollars.
If you follow this scheme: the construction of a nuclear power plant and a plant for flint concrete products, then the construction of a power plant for a desalination plant and the waste treatment plant, then a plant for silicon fiber cement, then it will be possible to reduce not only the number of nuclear power plants, but also the investment costs of all four phases of the implementation of CEE and AHECS.
It seems that this is a lot of money and the world community can never collect it. But as we noted earlier, if all countries reduced their spending on power structures by a third, then in a year it would be about 0.5 trillion, those. in ten years it could have been built, and the world economy would not be overtaken by a crisis in 2008 AND A MORE DIRTY IS EXPECTING AHEAD. In essence, the world economy for 10 years can not get out of this crisis.
Moreover, in the course of the crisis itself, only in 2008, the world economy lost only $ 4 trillion on unpaid loans, i.e. about as much as is necessary for the integrated development of the deserts of the whole of northern Africa, primarily due to the fact that they did not invest their income there, but in supermarkets, residential and office buildings, in harmful cars and their service infrastructure, i.e. only in what gives profit in a year, but all this has long been outdated and is not needed by the economy. Here we are not talking about those losses, not received income and net profit, from a fall, a recession and a decline in production, that is, a fall in total production volumes and at the same time – total profit volumes.
And the global economy has long had to invest in new production, new flint houses, new environmentally friendly cars, other types of renewable energy production, and this requires the above-mentioned first stage, which will make a profit in 6-8 years .
If at one time, in Kyoto, a decision would be made on international cooperation on the introduction of CEE, the integrated development of the Sahara desert and the start of construction of this first stage, then ten years would not have occurred a crisis of the MESF, but on the contrary, the world economy from the very beginning century and the 3rd millennium would have developed the most rapid, invisible to the village, the pace.
ModernModern civilization began about 15 thousand years ago with the development of man Sahara, with the development of the Sahara in the 3rd millennium will be its salvation now.
B) The second stage (construction SAZHDMP)
After at least half of the 1st stage will be carried out, economic feasibility will arise in the construction of railway. on a magnetic cushion for high-speed supply of enriched sand to the borders of the Sahara and ocean ports and in the construction of ports of a new type for the automatic processing of railroad cars. magnetic cushion.
The second stage of the integrated development of CEE can be started either with the construction of the North African section of the International Railway Museum, Iran – Atlantic Ocean, or from the continental North African Railway Museum / SAIDMP / from the Atlantic Ocean through Saharanida / along the border of North African countries / to the Arabian desert in the Indian Ocean after a large part of the flint concrete and PVCI plants, especially in the center of the Sahara, are built in the Sahara, and the roads will not cope with the rapid transportation of their products to the ocean ports.
a) 10 nuclear power plants 2.5 million each. kw. installed capacity for ZH.DM.P. (5000 kW. X 1 wagon x 2.5 thousand wagons x 1000 $. X 2) – 25 billion
b) 20 g. d. stations every 300-500 km. (with urban infrastructure) – 800
c) 2 special ports for automatic reloading of sand from railroad cars. to ocean barges by type of container ships – 800
d) railway track of the two-sided cargo-passenger ZhDMP ***, 9 thousand km. – 900
d) rolling stock – 100
and plants to them – 500
Total – 3125 billion dollars.
Total – 8 000 billion dollars.
And these are all minimal numbers, i.e. those figures that at this stage we can foresee and calculate. For the implementation of all stages – at least 100 trillion dollars.
None of the countries of North Africa will be able to allocate a tenth of these funds at least for these two stages, especially since their payback period is higher than that of existing projects. Therefore, funds for construction can be collected and invested only by the entire world community, since if even the largest companies and banks are engaged in this, then they will destroy all the deserts in the pursuit of profit, after which they will not be able to be revived and rehabilitated.
But at the same time, only the United States alone and only for military expenses (except for the police, the CIA, the FBI, etc.) spends about $ 1 billion. dale per year, and only in the world – not less than 1500 billion dollars. in year.
Thus, if you cut down on spending on power structures by half, and send this nearly a trillion on the development of the Sahara desert (the desert of North Africa), and most of the loan capital of the largest banks and investment funds are sent to their usual infrastructure: residential and office space, shopping and road infrastructure, sun mobiles, but already in Africa, then in just 15 to 20 years, then it, the whole of northern Africa, can be turned into a blooming garden, with hundreds of millions of new jobs and with huge benefits for all of Earth’s civilization.
But for this, the global economic system and its main bodies need to be changed: the World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), European economic structures, the World Trade Organization (WTO), etc. etc. (see how further) and create new global economic structures that act not as they do in favor of individual countries, capitals and clans, but for the benefit and benefit of civilization. And for this, radical political changes are needed, both in each country (especially in the 10 largest), and in all international political and public organizations: the UN, the EU, ASEAN, the WTO, etc. etc. (see below
Starting a comprehensive development of the desert, in the 21st and 22nd centuries, and even before the end of the millennium, new jobs will be created in the part of the world where the highest birth rate and catastrophically small number of jobs will increase by 150 million in the deserts another 50 million in just a few decades, where construction materials will be created for the next millennia: PFCS with SBOK which turn solar energy into electricity for centuries, and even millennia, with almost no gram of hydrocarbons: construction constructions with the help of atomic energy from stone, and energy – in flint coatings.
The rest of the world will also develop dynamically: concrete products will be manufactured at SBR plants, and metal rolling mills of ferrous metals will have building structures coated with semiconductor silicon, which will not only prevent ferrous metals from corrosion for hundreds of years, but automobile plants will to release not the current monsters, the fire-breathing deadly exhaust poisons, but the light, refined and multicolored Sunsmobiles, the pipes and the CHPs and TPPs themselves will disappear, and also – the pipes are numerous x boilers and disappear forever the most proletarian, the most romantic and dirtiest specialty – the fireman.
In the lowlands, near the mountains, a new building industry will be created, and the deserts and continents will be connected by a global network of railways on a magnetic cushion over which the rest of humanity will work in the realm of the economy: some will produce copper wires for them, other rails, and others – cars. , and the remaining building structures of the canvases are also plastered with silicon. Thus, new technologies will be enough for a whole, and maybe more, for a millennium.
Everything will be smeared with silicon, whose service life is millennia. I smeared the outer surface of the building or the structure with silicon, which will be only a hundred times cheaper than gold (and 2-3 times cheaper than silver), but will be true gold for humanity, and get the current for free for as long as the construction costs. And then it may be that the basis of the world currency will not be gold, much less a speculative dollar, for the nominal value of which is now mainly speculation, but a kilogram or gram of silicon.
2. Political problems of CEE and their solution
(new conditions in world politics)
Hydrocarbon energy and the AC electrician accompanying it made it possible to develop the NTR incredibly high over a hundred years, but having lasted only a hundred years, it reached its peak, which resulted in a sharp rise in prices for hydrocarbon minerals in the world economic and environmental crises in the early 21st century.
In addition, the hydrocarbon NTR was accompanied by two world wars, a split of the world into two opposing camps, the cold war between which led to astronomical military budgets in the world and unproductive waste of natural and human resources and total poverty throughout the world, and although colonialism fell into difficulty, but neo-colonialism remained virtually intact, and local political conflicts were almost ubiquitous.
Although CEE has not less than a thousand years for its full implementation and job prospects, but if you do not take the necessary decisive political measures, it can bring the world not good, and maybe even more evil: the final ecological catastrophe of the planet and even greater total poverty in the world.
Without mastering new technology and technology in the field of CEE, it is impossible to really get out of the current global economic crisis, as well as introducing CEE is impossible without reforming the global financial and economic system / MFES / (for more details, see the chapter “MFES: REFORMATION OR GIBEL?) and the reformation of the MEPE is impossible without the reformation of the global political climate / IPC /
If the deserts, especially the Sahara, are not developed in a comprehensive manner, then modern intercontinental firms, in pursuit of profit, will extract one silicon from it and turn it into a lunar landscape. And in order to develop it comprehensively, we need a comprehensive plan-project for the gradual integrated development of the world’s deserts, and since no country is able to master large deserts, especially the Sahara, either technically or economically comprehensively, then a global integrated development plan for CEE is needed by all countries of the world and taking into account the best interests of all countries of the world or, in extreme cases, it is necessary to unite the countries of North Africa and Arabia into one government (and this will be at least 14 countries), which should spend their current wealth from oil and gas e to various obsolete Western-style projects: such as winter slalom, automobile and aircraft showrooms, and exhibitions on CEE and equipment for the integrated development of their deserts and pooling funds for this.
And the Central Asian countries should unite with China and Russia to develop their deserts. The United States itself can master its deserts in a comprehensive manner, but only in a comprehensive manner and not in the same way as in modern times (together with Canada) they master shale oil and gas, turning the development regions into a lunar landscape and an ecological catastrophe. The UN should urgently ban the work of such firms, especially outside of Canada and the United States.
Therefore, in the conditions of modern globalization, radical political world reforms are necessary in order to create a new world order. ABOUT THIS WILL BE MORE DETAILED IN THE LAST CHAPTER.
But are the current ruling circles and the UN itself capable of carrying out such a UN reform in advance? There can be only one answer: overwhelmingly not.
The ruling circles of each country are trying to grab more natural resources, and put profits mainly in their own pocket.
And the ruling circles of the largest country in the world, the United States, went to open super-rearmament of their army, strengthening the power structures and departments in order to achieve total world domination and use the world’s natural and economic resources to their advantage. And the fabricated US attack on Iraq, and then the unleashing of military coups in Libya and Syria, with the goal of capturing natural hydrocarbon resources, by the governments of the USA and Europe, suggests that the global economic and resource crisis began and its solution went the wrong way.
When the ruling circles of the United States and other interventionist countries learned that oil and gas use concessions in Iraq fell mainly to firms associated with the Bush family, only then did the noise in these countries about the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and all the data were falsified by the CIA, The same was in Libya and Syria.
Moreover, the USA refused to explore Mars with the whole community, but decided to do it alone, buying it cheaply, i.e. essentially robbing the country, rocket engines from the collapsed USSR. This was done for two reasons: the first is not to develop other countries in this area and the second is the desire for world domination even in space.
But at one time, Persia, the Roman Empire, Hitler’s Germany, Chingizite Mongolia, and many others sought world domination, they also thought and did so. But how it ended we all know very well. Only then the empires were zonal, and now – the world.
This path can only lead to one thing: the death of the United States or the entire terrestrial civilization, since the global economic crisis has practically begun and will not end unless radical measures are taken, including in the development of CEE.
And at what level is the environmental crisis? No one knows yet.
And this can not be allowed. Or such a path will lead to such a distortion of it that civilization cannot be called. Already: the terms of war, the struggle of classes and clans, poverty and hunger all over the world, with the super-wealth of individual countries, financial brokers, family and other clans.
The global economic and climatic (resource) crisis has practically already begun, because with the collapse of the second super-superpower, the USSR, wars, riots, hunger and poverty not only did not diminish, on the contrary, the main reason for this was also increased: and for their own benefit, for their own benefit, i.e. for the benefit of its ruling circles, and not for the benefit of the entire world community.
c) UN primary and urgent measures to create a new world order.
All of the current commitments of various countries / EU to reduce CO2 emissions by year 40 double
compared with the current level, China – by 40%. United States – 33%. Russia to leave the level by 1990, etc., which the leading countries cannot agree on so far, is unrealistic and completely uncontrollable. Therefore, the Kyoto agreement and the new, in return for it, will be vague, uncontrollable and impracticable. And therefore, in international treaties it is necessary to introduce specific and controlled obligations.
This should be a specific timeline for the closure of hazardous industries and technologies and the introduction of new, environmentally clean and closed technologies without harmful waste. Which can be controlled as national. and international environmental organizations.
D). In the field of ecology: the creation of a UN commission to develop common environmental measures:
1) Development of requirements for tankers:
a) a displacement of not more than 60 thousand tons;
b) capacitive, i.e. ban on the use of structures
tanker as a tank;
c) all tank capacities are independent;
d) EU requirements for ports.
2) Sludge bay equipment.
3) The creation of “fuel oil and oil absorber” (UN Prize).
4) Global standards for environmental requirements.
5) Environmental requirements (strict and universal):
a) to oil production: the complete elimination of all harmful effects, the introduction of environmental taxes that go to the budget of the enterprise, region, country and UN,
b) to mining, incl. to prohibit the extraction of building materials in rivers and the development of new quarries in the agricultural regions, the complete recultivation of land and soil after the end of mining due to preliminary taxes,
c) to logging and plantation: how many forests / trees / cut down, planted so much, or vice versa.
d) prohibition of extraction of sand and gravel in rivers and lakes,
e) how much oxygen was burned, so many planted trees, or in extreme cases, paid taxes to plant forests for its restoration and others.
e) to transport and internal combustion engines:
– a ban on the production in 10 years of cars with current internal combustion engines with harmful exhaust gases and introduce preferential state loans for the production of internal combustion engines with complete purification of combustion products from CO and CO2 and vehicles with CEE: solar vehicles, electric locomotives, trolley buses, roads, sidewalks, buildings and structures on CEE, etc.,
g) limiting the growth of hydrocarbon production, including and wood, for any country in the amount of 3% annually, in 10 years – 0%, in 20 years – annually reduced by 5%,
h) repair for 20 years old buildings and structures in order to bring energy losses to new scientifically based standards, for 30 years / by the middle of the 21st century / introduce the construction of buildings with energy-saving technologies and structures and the allocation of preferential budget loans for this.
6) Sanctions against the heads of states and governments and their budgets for non-compliance with environmental standards and criminal liability not only for the dead, but also for animals.
7) Emission requirements:
a) solid emissions – give 5 years for their complete capture during production;
b) to carbon monoxide / CO / and carbon dioxide / CO2 /:
– in 10 years to introduce only environmentally friendly CHP,
– in 20 years – to stop exploiting old CHP: otherwise fines and sanctions in the amount of construction of new TPPs during 5-year sanctions,
c) the introduction of the law on full / 100% / cleaning and processing of all waste and sewage and sanctions for non-compliance after 10 years,
– in 8-10 years to produce cars with complete exhaust gas cleaning: otherwise, a fine in the amount of the cost of growing a forest that fully processes these exhausts.
e) Main events
These measures should be aimed at reducing military spending by the middle of the 21st century and directing these funds to the needs of solar energy:
First, the reduction, and then the complete elimination of foreign military bases.
Reducing the cost of power structures in 2 times.
Creation of a joint headquarters for the command of troops with weapons of mass destruction and their full reduction in each individual country.
The ban on the creation of weapons of mass destruction, except under the auspices of the UN.
5) Reduction of all armored troops in half. Permitting their use, both domestically and abroad, only with the permission of the UN.
To begin the creation of the All-Union troops to combat meteorites and other natural disasters from space.
Creation of world forces to combat natural disasters on Earth (world emergency forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations).
If the world community does not make it by the middle of the 21st century, then it is inevitable death in the future:
from the energy crisis;
from the economic downturn;
from hunger and disease of the majority of the population;
from the unauthorized (spontaneous) use of weapons of mass destruction;
from space catastrophe;
from ecological disaster.
Thus, we see that if the above activities are not carried out, then the probability of the death of mankind or at least the total destruction of at least 90% of modern economic, natural and political structures will occur, in our opinion, at the turn of the 21st and 22nd centuries or maybe even earlier and the main probable disaster is an ecological one.
e) research and development (R & D)
Scientific research
Carrying out all of these urgent activities requires many scientific research that can and should be carried out in advance, as they do not require large investments and can be carried out both by individual countries and even by individual research teams and researchers.
Research should be carried out in the following areas: further research on the emission and impact of hazardous waste on GIK and humans and their integrated processing, research work on the development and introduction of CEE, work on desert gardening and forest conservation, further research on alternative energy sources and materials .
The definition of environmental harm can go in three ways: determining the cost of complex processing of hazardous waste, determining the cost of waste-free technologies per unit of production and determining the cost of restoring damaged ecology (biological systems).
For example, a tax on the emission of harmful exhaust gases in internal combustion engines (CHP and TPP) can be determined either by calculating the cost of an integrated exhaust gas treatment technology, which is not yet available, by replacing vehicles with internal combustion engines with sun, which are also not present, or the amount of costs for planting and growing forest (or shrubs for the desert) up to 10 years of age, which processes all carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the ICE for the relevant period, and also compensates for the costs of eliminating the effect of carbon monoxide on the ozone layer, and hence on the growth of cancer.
And such environmental tax should be levied on all harmful technologies for the production of energy, materials and machinery.
Let’s name the main directions in environmental research:
Determination of environmental harm and the corresponding environmental tax on all harmful technologies.
– determining the cost of integrated waste processing and their harmful effects on the environment,
– determination of the cost of the full purification of water, land and other factors of nature,
– determination of the costs of new waste-free technologies per unit of production,
Development of methods and calculations of fines and costs of ecological reproduction during environmental disasters:
– development of methods for determining the value of lost natural resources in various types of catastrophes and accidents,
– determination of the cost of eliminating the consequences of accidents and catacast,
– determination of the costs of restoration of natural resources.
Determination of the mechanism and rate of reduction of the ozone layer from carbon monoxide emissions of CO, which are now practically not studied and not studied:
Silicon Doping:
– for welding purposes,
– alloying with nickel and platinum to increase ductility,
– alloying with copper, aluminum and other materials in order to increase efficiency,
– alloying with plastic and other materials in order to reduce the silicon content.
The influence of alloying elements on the efficiency of the flint converter.
Determination of the optimal ratio between the area and thickness of the silicon coating on the maximum EMF of the converter.
Determining the ratio of the amount of ozone released during thunderstorms and the amount of free carbon monoxide attaching ozone and their effect on the rate of reduction of the ozone layer.
Effect of ozone layer reduction on GIK, flora, fauna and humans:
The full scientific definition of the total circulation of carbon dioxide in nature and the development of recommendations for its reduction:
– determination of CO2 content 5 thousand years ago, 2 thousand. years ago, 300 years ago,
– determination of the annual dynamics of CO2 growth in connection with the start of a new (steam) NTR 150 years ago,
– determination of the annual growth dynamics of CO2 in the 20th century,
– determination of the total circulation of CO2 at the beginning of the 21st century throughout the globe,
– creation of a carbon map of the world (Earth),
– development of recommendations for its global and total reduction on Earth.
9) Effect of acid rain on flora, fauna and humans:
– to forests
– on agricultural land fertility,
– on marine flora and fauna,
– on the atmosphere
– per person.
Research work on the creation of foam-stone (wallpaper, furniture, fabrics, wrapping materials) and other environmentally friendly materials and the replacement of hydrocarbon materials (plastics, wood, etc.).
Research work on coating surfaces with silicon semiconductors:
– coating of metals, i.e. determination of the minimum semiconductor layer at the maximum EMF, the use of cold and hot silicon deposition method, fire safety of structures with photovoltaic coating, etc. etc.,
– concrete products, i.e., determination of the methods of transmission of emf to consumers: lighting devices (internal wiring), batteries, etc.
– PVKI: connection into one metallurgical furnaces, PVKI and melting of silicon and others,
– the invention of glasses with a photoelectric effect,
– development of photoelectric silicon with transmission of visible and other spectra of the spectrum.
12) Research works on gardening of deserts and first of all the Sahara and agricultural production in them:
– determination of desert reserves and their recultivation,
– the definition and creation of new oases, the development of the technology for their creation, the amount of water required and the methods of desalination
– reclamation of old oases, villages and cities and the creation of parks around them, determining the amount of water required and how it is produced,
– problems of gardening semi-deserts and their transformation into savannas, development of new technologies of gardening in the desert and semi-desert and the number and methods of obtaining water,
– study of problems with agricultural production in deserts and savannahs and the amount of required agricultural water and methods for its production, development of new technologies for agricultural production: drip, ground and new methods of desert irrigation and water saving.
13) A scientific solution to the problems of stopping the expansion of deserts and the landing of restrictive forests and parks around deserts, especially around the Saharanida and its southern part.
14) Influence (computer simulation) of GIK (temperature increase, melting of mountain and polar ices) on:
– agricultural production,
– change of desert area,
– change of zoning of forests and deserts,
– provision of water to the population,
– population of the planet,
– the frequency of natural disasters: floods, snow blockages, sandstorms, droughts, extreme temperatures (heat and frost).
15) Solving the problems of integrated desert development.
16) Solving the problems of integrated development of mountains.
17) Conducting scientific work on the construction of MZHMP:
– application of high-temperature superconductivity technologies in electromagnetic motors and web: supply of electricity and its wiring in the stator in liquid nitrogen,
– solving the problems of creating submarine lines ZhDMP,
– solving the problems of seismic stability of the canals;
– solving the problems of the two-way cargo-passenger line: reducing the air resistance of the cars, problems of headwinds, current, capital and emergency repairs.
Development Work
Experimental design (OK) and special design (IC) works are more difficult and costly to create the first plants and technologies for CEE: silicon metallurgical plants (KMZ), plants of reinforced concrete products with their coating semiconductor silicon for solar energy processing of concrete products falling on external surfaces (SBOK – the building blocks smeared with silicon), steel metallurgical plants with a covering became silicon for solar converters (SKOK – steel structures about Maza silicon) and penovatokamennye plants (PVKZ) with covered building structures silicon (PVKKOK) and PVKZ for the production of various materials of PVC (penovatokamnya).
Such investments can be made only with the participation of a large state or through the creation of special international large manufacturing firms on a joint-stock or interstate basis (the International Agency for Large Advanced Investments – IACIA), such as the IAEA, not only for control, but for combining investments in the creation of advanced technologies. . In the future, such serial plants will be much cheaper (several times as compared with the first pilot and one-time plants).
In order to build the first house with a fully * outer surface of the PCB, as well as some internal surfaces of the PCB, for the first time it is necessary to do a lot of preliminary calculations and OK and TFR and this house will cost a lot more than the future serial, when establishing mass production.
In order to reduce the cost of smelting silicon, large metallurgical plants are needed, producing not only semiconductor silicon sheets, but also metal and concrete products that cover them. It is possible even at modern concrete goods and metallurgical plants to open workshops for this coating, but then silicon must be reheated to the melting point for the second time, and these are enormous costs, therefore the most promising are integrated silicon metallurgical plants combined with steel metallurgy plants and concrete goods plants. And for this it is necessary to deliver sand, from which silicon is smelted, all over the world. That’s why you need MZHMP.
And all this can be done by combining investments on an international scale: the EU with the countries of the Saharanis, the USA with the Muslim countries of Asia (instead of spending huge money on war with them), Russia with the countries of Central Asia (former republics of the Soviet Union) ** and only China has a large number of deserts, even more mountains, a large economy and an efficient administrative apparatus to introduce CEE itself: the huge Takla Makan desert, with mountains surrounding it on three sides, proximity to Siberian fresh water and only steel met llurgicheskie factories are located relatively far away, in central China.
By the mid-20s (2020 + 5 years) and in China will come the economic crisis, which should force him to go on the path of new technologies (CEE). And if he is unable to do this, then with the beginning of the 30s together with all the countries of the world and he will be affected by the universal world crisis (WMC).
And MZHMP will be able to build only by uniting the efforts of the countries of the entire world community under the auspices of the UN.
_______________
* – An analogue of such a house has already been built in Dubai (the tower of the Caliph HASAN), in which the wind electrical unit also works.
** – Russia will give Siberian water and technology not only on silicon converters, but also on selenium and solar energy converters on copper and plastic.
3. Results of the 20th century NTR and its lessons
In the 20th century, a complete scientific and technological revolution was accomplished, as a result of which a change from animal craving to internal combustion engines, from horse to automobiles and airplanes, from wooden or bone accounts to personal computers, from manure to fertilizers, from wood heating to gas, from letters to mobile phones and the Internet, from virtually patriarchal economy in almost all countries of the world to world globalization.
It was a revolution – incredible. But it gave nothing to the majority of the world’s population: many people still live as in the Stone Age, although the most terrible infectious diseases are eliminated, but people still suffer a lot and most importantly – from poor communal conditions, malnutrition and poor working and living conditions. If over the 20th century, the life expectancy of people has increased by one third, from 45 years to 65, then by the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st, it no longer grows and in many countries began to fall, which is very indicative of the characteristics of world social and economic policy.
All this is because from the very beginning of the NTR: the introduction of AC electricity and internal combustion engines, the ruling circles of all leading countries directed it to the creation of weapons and a forceful solution to global competition between countries, as a result of which the 1st World War was unleashed, which led to even more sharp contradictions and the social revolution and the division of the world into two opposing and irreconcilable camps: the capitalist, in which power continued to belong to large firms, industrial and financial tycoons, although the formal hydrochloric democracy and to create a new Empire (USSR), headed by a radical revolutionary steel mask under proletarian dictatorship. All this further increased the antagonistic contradictions and inevitably led to the preparation and unleashing of World War II.
As a result, instead of using mass inventions and discoveries to facilitate human labor, mechanization and automation of production processes in just 25 years, from 20 to 45 years, was made (taking into account the main countries):
– about 400 thousand tanks and tank shoes, instead of which it was possible to produce (especially in the USSR and other countries of Asia, Africa and South America) more than 2 million tractors and combines,
– more than 200 thousand military aircraft, instead of the same civilian and fully link all countries, cities and even small villages by air and mail,
– more than half a million tools, instead of which it would be possible to produce as many agricultural equipment for the colonial countries and establish advanced agricultural production there,
– over a million military vehicles, instead of which civilian ones could be produced,
– more than 100 thousand military ships of various purposes, instead of which civilian ships could be produced,
– many funds were spent on other military expenses, instead of which tens and even hundreds of millions of hectares of land could be reclaimed and chemized as many hectares of land in steppes, semi-deserts and even in deserts.
As a result of all this, about 100 million of the youngest and healthiest people died, and many old people died prematurely, as a result of which about half a billion young people were not born and grew up (about as many people lack in the developed countries of the North). In the former Russian Empire alone, and then in the Soviet (USSR), at least 100 million people died in the first half of the 20th century and now there are about 300-400 million people missing, half of which are in the Russian Federation, while a large unemployment.
And what did all those countries and capital that unleashed this war received? Germany remained in the old borders, and the capitalists were ravaged, the British empire collapsed and the French colonies withdrew from it, and countries such as Japan, Germany and the USSR were almost completely destroyed. Their peoples lived another 10 years in poverty.
But World War II did not teach the ruling circles, especially the United States, which were incredibly wealthy as a result of this war, became a superpower and decided to become a world gendarme.
Instead of cooperating with the USSR, as the most affected along with Germany, and helping it rise from the ruins, the US ruling circles imposed the USSR and then the whole world a cold war and nuclear missile race, although history has shown that aggressive Stalinism is still under Stalin, he changed his essence and if there were repressions, it was largely due to the West imposed at the beginning of economic isolation, and then the Cold War.
For 40 years of the nuclear race, the following has been produced:
– about 30 thousand nuclear warheads, instead of which one could produce as many peaceful nuclear reactors with an average power of 300 thousand kW. each, which would give an installed capacity of about 10 billion kW., the same amount of nuclear combat fuel remained and this could increase by 20 times the capacity of all current nuclear power plants and this could not only completely replace electricity production at CHP and TPP and save During this time, more than half of hydrocarbons, but also to increase the energy supply of the world community by half compared with the current level and achieve the production and consumption of energy of the end of the 21st century. Thus, due to the arms race, the world has lagged behind in its development for 100 years:
– the whole world and all the deserts could be covered with these funds for this time, and in the meantime NESNE, which would turn all deserts into flowering gardens and parks, would be covered,
– so much other military equipment was produced that, instead of it, it would be possible to mechanize and automate even agricultural processes all over the world.
But the ruling circles of the United States still impose to the world a power system for fulfilling their interests, forcing the world to continue the arms race, now “ordinary”. Although with the arrival in 2010 of the new administration, or rather the new President Abama, the policy of the United States somewhat softened, in general, the military and power expenses in this country are incredibly high. We have already noted this. And on them it is quite possible to spend a new solar NTR.
For example, in the 20 years of the war in Iraq, only the United States spent about $ 300 billion. on military spending. If the US government were to let them invest, then it would be possible to build desalination stations and solar converters (SP) for these investments, which would actually double the water supply of the entire urban population of the country (15-20 million) and help to introduce there is drip irrigation in the country, which would employ 5–10 million rural population (see calculation number 10).
All these investments would not only return, but also with a large profit, which could be developed in other countries of the EEF. Such is the ugliness of the modern world economic and political systems.
Our Earth is a unique planet. She reserved for us, her unlucky children, clean fresh water in the form of ice at the North and South Pole and high mountains, gave us “barren” vast deserts, from the sands of which you can coat all artificial buildings, structures, roads and bridges that have been built so far and, which we will build for many thousands of years, with flint electrical converters and get free for thousands of years electric and other energy.
She gave us a huge number of mountains, from the stone of which you can make the most unique, most environmentally friendly and most durable building material – foamy fiber products, wallpaper of which can serve for hundreds of years, furniture – a thousand, and houses – forever.
And all this humanity is still essentially not beginning to use, but already dirtied the Earth. Moreover, all these materials are practically inexhaustible, since not only the surface of the Earth (mantle), but also its whole body consists of these materials: silicon and calcium – and these are the most common elements on Earth.
Instead, we barbarically extract, barbarically use (we burn, poison, etc.) the most valuable things on Earth are hydrocarbons: gas, oil, forests, water, black soil, i.e. that which is the basis of life on earth. At the same time, we spoil nature and poison ourselves: the air is the strongest poison, carbon monoxide gas (CO), water – waste and poisons, the earth – with everything that has got, and with them we destroy not only the entire flora and fauna of the Earth, but also ourselves .
And such a unique, most likely the only planet in our Galaxy *, is now on the verge of death and relegated to the old and stupid MFES ** and its future depends on a group of stupid, ignorant and greedy financial tycoons who think in categories 200 years ago with Human psychology is much worse than cavemen, who destroyed only cave bears, occupying their caves, otherwise it was in harmony with the environment.
And we see that in the modern world community, in view of its profound globalization, fundamental changes are necessary:
a) in the field of invention, which has not been changed for almost 200 years, to change it in such a way that all important inventions in the field of ecology can easily be implemented, as they are our life and the old methods of selfish bureaucratic patenting, when inventors have been proving their work for years and the usefulness of their ideas when they were introduced did not receive or received crumbs, and all the income was used by large capital and large firms that absolutely did not fit in the time when the environmental question stands as: “to be or not to be our life on earth, “and to the inventors to save our civilization lived, as they are now the stars of show business, and not vice versa,
b) a fundamental reformation of the entire world financial and economic system is necessary in order to take interest in introducing new major discoveries and inventions, especially in the field of ecology,
c / need to introduce common world norms on ecology, the protection of nature and man, so they are one and common to all in their natural essence,
e) it is necessary to replace reinforced concrete buildings with flint-foam flats, like wooden buildings for 300 years old NTR left with the Middle Ages, and ZFBI together with CEE should go away in the 3rd millennium, and everything that now stands on Earth with non-explosive reinforced concrete, like cancerous tumors planets should be replaced with light, beautiful delicate buildings, foam flowers, stone and photoelectric semiconductors,
d) political changes are needed in any country in order to introduce common world norms of democracy and publicity, since these changes and political structures should reflect the interests of all segments of the population in each country and all countries around the world, and not reflect the narrow interests of individual countries and individual of their groups, as it is now: the great deserts of the world increase every million hectares, while cutting down a million hectares of forests at the same time, and all this ultimately, to bring a handful of financial brokers to a fictitious profit destroyed by world crises, but they not only can’t and don’t want to give up their fiction, but also send huge funds of all mankind to create this fiction, and even constantly unleash various revolutions, wars, coups, etc. in all corners of the Earth . etc.,
e) it is necessary to create a world government and a world parliament * in order to implement world interests in the context of globalization, and not a handful of bankrupt individuals.
If our civilization and culture cannot understand this in the next 20-30 years, then it will perish, like all others before it: the slave system and the ancient civilization, as it could not because of the greed of the authorities during the reform under the new conditions, militant Chingiz and all other empires, the American Indian civilization, etc., the main cause of which is the inability of the ruling classes to adapt to new economic conditions and the inability of the advanced strata of the population to achieve this.
On Earth there are all conditions, natural and scientific-technical, for the full flourishing of earthlings in 111 millennia and the beginning of their exploration of the Moon first, and then Mars and our other planets, and the third millennium will be decisive in the further development of earthlings, and maybe not only earthlings but 21st century is especially important. Will we be able to move to new technologies, new economies and new policies or will the life of earthlings end in this millennium, having lived only about five such periods since the Stone Age and returning to the Stone Age again in the sixth, and maybe nowhere.
Moreover, humanity already has enough scientific and technical ideas (see for example 6) to radically change our technologies and the very structure of life, to create new computers that are a million times faster than the current ones that are outdated for a long time to fly even to other stars, to create artificial food and even biological robots, that is, an artificial person.
But most of us, especially our rulers, live with thinking worse than those of a caveman, and our economic and especially political orders are uglier than the ancient Egyptian ones.
Thus, our scientific and technical ideas are ahead of our public consciousness for at least a thousand years: we have technologies for a thousand years ahead that need to be implemented for a thousand years, and we have ideas. Which need to be implemented no earlier than in a thousand years, until we move on to the CEE, and our consciousness remains the same as it was 5 thousand years ago.
By the beginning of the new millennium, mankind created a thousand borders, customs, laws dividing people and practically none of them uniting them, and about a billion work in them unproductively, and even destructively, that is 16% of the most intelligent, healthy, literate and active population of the Earth which is engaged only in what prohibits us and puts us in medieval shackles and prisons, and even kills.
We can now look at billions of kilometers deep into the universe or into microns of fine matter, but we support all sorts of medieval and even cave obscurantism, but we do not support inventors, scientists, and just experts in their field, if they don’t give us a fictitious and speculative profit.
The question in the first half of the 21st century became an edge: should we be or not to be? And this is not even a question, but a knife, substituted to the throat of all of us. And in this book, I can even say a brochure, the author tried to show how you can take it away.
Here, we can briefly, but quite plausibly and scientifically describe the typical and most advanced new city of 22-23 centuries, built according to all the canons of ecology and harmony in human society in the former desert.
This is a small town with a population of no more than 200 thousand people, in which everything is built on new advanced technologies that will be the basis of cities until the end of this millennium.
In the city there is not a single CHP, TPP, concrete goods and is heated by silicon electrical converters, which are coated with the outer surfaces of every one of the buildings and structures in the city, and in summer the buildings are cooled by liquid carbon dioxide that circulates inside the walls of the buildings and in the SBOK plant when smelting sand and obtaining pure silicon by liquefying carbon dioxide in metallurgical converters, the city has essentially two perpendicularly constructed streets with a central park, an arboretum and a zoo arch in the center, which occupy a square in the center of the city, which itself is larger than the entire city. The only transport in the city is the electric trolleybus, which is powered by electricity, produced by flint coatings of the very road they drive.
The main production occupation of the adult population in the city is research, design and manufacturing of the infrastructure of agricultural technologies for this region.
All building constructions, both for the city and for agricultural production, are also brought in by electric trolley buses from a nearby plant of building blocks covered with silicon / HVAC /, powered by electricity, too, from the road they drive, which charges the cable network and trolleybus batteries.
Sand SSPC receives on the base located at the station ZhDMP, located 50 km from the SSPCK and 80 km. from the city, which is also brought on special cargo trolleybuses, and residents of the city to the intercity railway station. – on intercity passenger trolley buses. In the city itself there is only a small network of taxis of electric small solar vehicles on flint converters and electric batteries, for traveling to regional small towns, passenger-carrying vehicles such as current minibuses are used, and for transportation of large loads, incl. and from the processing plant to the metallurgical plant and from the metallurgical plant and the emergency control system – large solar vehicles on batteries such as trucks. Hydrocarbon cars and automobiles are used only in quarries.
The alternating high-voltage power current for metallurgical convectors of the ASEAH is supplied from a nuclear power plant (NPP), which is located 200 km. from the city and serves about 20 such SBOK plants in the region with a population of about 20 million people and a capital of 300 thousand people, which houses some of the administrative bodies of the region and two large research centers and a local airfield of electric helicopters to service production, with / x and residential cities in the region, located in the desert within a radius of 250 km. The population goes to other regional centers, especially distant ones, mainly on the underground railway station. and there, already in place, uses local aviation. Intercontinental aviation is used only for special transportation to uninhabited regions.
Machines with internal combustion engines are used only in remote, uninhabited mountainous areas for earthworks by powerful machines.
By this time, the equipment and technology for processing concrete products in the SBOK of foam stone and silicon (PWCR & C) will be developed, and mass destruction of old buildings of concrete goods in small towns began in the world and build new solar cities for millennia instead of them, primarily in agricultural areas. . The processing of large cities, which, like cancerous tumors, weighed down the Earth, the new civilization will begin somewhere in the middle of the millennium and by the end of the millennium all cities built before 23 will disappear as such: separate historical cities and buildings will remain. * The main cities will move to new industrial zones around the former deserts and mountains, along the World ’mainsight network / see fig.16 /, and by this time it will become economically necessary for expanding human settlement, and it is financially possible to start developing MARS. Mastering Mars earlier than not mastering their “Martian” lands is simply stupid and economically inexpedient.
In the towns, where by the end of the millennium 60% of the world’s population should live, and the rest – approximately equally – in smaller and larger urban areas, there are several lakes for animals and plants in urban parks, in which all species from the surrounding region and region are brought as well as one thing for people. The city has many small gyms and athletic fields for sports and fitness at work and in residential centers, but there are no large sports facilities, as well as competitions. All the championships of the continents, the world and the Olympic Games were canceled, like 2.5 thousand years ago gladiatorial shows, as inappropriate to the health of a new person. Sometimes regional competitions are held in any one kind of sport, but there are many scientific, labor and cultural competitions and reviews. People play sports for themselves and their health, and not for records.
The town itself consists of only a few dozen complex structures located around the park, where people live, work and rest in almost one place. And they especially do not need any transport. People are not interested in income and profits, the stock exchanges are disbanded, the army has been cut dozens of times, customs have been canceled and exist only on ecological and natural borders, the largest army is in ecological customs, emergency natural and man-made disasters and space security.
And in order to achieve all this, you just need to do nothing: to reduce military spending by 2 times, to direct the bulk of current investments in environmental technology and redistribute the global income from globalization to nature, and not to the detriment of ourselves.
Summing up, you need to shout to the whole world: if in the next 5-10 years, at least until 2030, they are not taken, even if the main measures proposed by the author are, they are unlikely to be taken, since in the vast majority of countries in parliaments and governments operate servants and lackeys of financial tycoons, primarily the United States, which are not capable of such changes, then by the mid-thirties the general ecological will begin, and with it the economic crises, chaos will occur in the world, which will continue until until they are taken on sun In the world, radical measures cited by us in this book, and modern civilization will be the end, by the end of the 21st century, and if appropriate measures are not taken until the middle of the 21st century, then the death of mankind is already inevitable and no one and nothing will save it: not fake in essence, stocks on the world market, neither gold and other jewels in banks, as they are also essentially worthless, because silicon is needed, but rather pure photoelectric silicon gives electrical current, neither cars that spew poison into the atmosphere, nor even before New technologies in nanotechnology, laptops, e-books and accounts that will no longer be needed and will not help.
But one hope remains, as the author thinks that China, or rather China, will stop chasing only economic indicators and quantity, but will be able to start producing its high-quality products, without Western brands and that they will pay their employees well ( Of the West) and most importantly, they will fundamentally revise their attitude to the environment and by 2020 they will begin to thoroughly clean their country of sewage, exhaust and flue gases, start planting trees and bushes in their deserts, especially near Hurdling to Beijing and by 2035, dust storms and smog will no longer be in Beijing and, with the help of their powerful administrative system, will begin, as an example to other countries and regions, the integrated development of their many deserts, especially Takla Makan, and will become pioneers and leading manufacturers CEE is not only in itself, but in the world.
It remains to be hoped that finally order will be established in Russia with the integrated development of its rich natural resources of Siberia, the Arctic and the Far East and that they will be able to supply clean water not only their southern steppes, but Kazakhstan and China, that Russia will be able to combine their resources and their a high scientific and technical level with Ukraine and together with populous China will create conditions in Asia for the progress of all mankind and introduce together with Muslim countries a new currency: siliciums and silicone.
There is a very weak hope that the US state will be able to take control over the issue of the dollar and make loans in dollars to the real economy all over the world not exceed 6% per annum, and all Western investments will only be in progressive technologies: CEE, integrated development of mountains and deserts, environmental projects for integrated processing of garbage, gases and waste water and not to spend about 1 trillion. dale per year on unpromising power domination in the world.
Hope is scanty for all this. But can it be realized? That is the question.
If they are not accepted before 2025, and will not be introduced from 2030 (we are given no more than 10 years for a decisive turn to a new civilization, and over the years, the growth of harmful emissions will increase by 3 times, and the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere may increase at least by a third, but the ozone layer will decrease by no less than a third; radical measures to create new economic and political conditions that prevent MECs and create favorable conditions for the onset of a new technical revolution and civilization, by the middle of the 21st century IT global crisis (MMC), out of the social process which consists in the fact that:
– A barrel of oil will cost at least $ 200, and gasoline – $ 5. liter,
– the price of food will increase by an average of 5 times (all compared with 2000),
– sea and fish resources will rise in price 10 times, wood and products from it – 5-6 times,
– natural materials – 3-4 times,
– drinking water – 10-15 times,
– the average income of the main population (wage labor – only 2-3 times,
– The average life expectancy will fall by 8-10 years and will not exceed 65 years in any country, that is, people over 70 years old who already don’t want to be given a pension will be rare;
– incomplete unemployment even in developed countries will reach at least 50%,
– 60% of the population will have an income below the subsistence level,
– 90% of all types of wealth will be owned by 10% of the elect,
– By this time, a revolutionary situation will come: all countries will begin riots, wars, coups and revolutions, in which until the end of the
LECTURE number 3. Environmental calculations (all calculations are made by the author of the lecture)
CALCULATION number 1a
emission of technical CO2 into the atmosphere *
/ excluding CO2 emissions from volcanoes and forest fires ** /
Name Amount of CO2,
The arrival of billion tons
1. Permanent balance in the atmosphere *** 590
2. Respiration of terrestrial animals and organisms **** 60
3. Burning fuel ***** 6
4. Marine organisms and animals 93
5. Reducing CO2 consumption 1
due to the increase in land reclamation
Total 750
Consumption
1. Photosynthesis of trees 62
2. Constant balance in the atmosphere 590
3. Absorption by sea water and flora 92
Total 744
1. Annual CO2 increase due to technical emissions in the 21st century, in%:
6: 744 x 100% = 0.8%
2. The growth of CO2 over the past 150 years, as it appeared railway. transport,:
(6Gt – 0): 2 x 150 years = 450 Gt
3. The minimum number of CO2 not absorbed by the forest over the past 150 years (excluding reduced greenery due to the growth of deserts and taking into account the fact that over the last 100–200 years, the area of all forests has decreased by no less than 33%):
30Gt: 2 x / (0.4 x15 years + 0.8 x 150: 2): 2 + 0.1 x 150 years / x 0.5 = 360 Gt, i.e. The increase in CO2 from deforestation is comparable to CO2 emissions from fireboxes, where
30 Gt / year – the value of under-consumption of carbon dioxide consumption by forest for the year to the beginning of the 21st century,
30Gt: 2 – average – // – for the last 150 years,
0.4 is the coefficient of the minimum fall in the level of CO2 utilization during clear cutting, after which the forest is fully restored in 15 years or it is planted with cultivated plants that in 15 years reach the peak of their mature age (5 + 25): 2, where 5 years are cultural bushes , 25 years old – cultural trees,
0.8 is the coefficient of the maximum drop in the level of CO2 utilization during clear cutting and transformation of the former wooded area into a desert,
0.4 and 0.8 is the average decrease in the level of CO2 processing during deforestation, depending on the type of logging, the rate of forest recovery and the amount of greenery remaining after clear cutting.
0.5 – the share of clear cutting,
0.1 – the average drop in CO2 production during selective cutting
15 years – the average duration of the restoration of greenery in the cultural clear cutting and the replacement of forest with cultivated plants.
4. The growth of CO2 due to flue and exhaust gases and deforestation:
450 + 360 = 810 Gt.
Taking into account the reduction of greenery due to the growth of deserts and an increase in areas for agricultural production, the growth of CO2 over the past 150 years should be even greater.
But part of carbon dioxide is processed by nature, how much CO2 was before the start of the scientific and technological revolution is unknown, but it can be said with certainty that over the past 150 years, CO2 has increased by no less than 50%, and maybe twice. Unfortunately, there is still no reliable scientific and comprehensive data and they need to be identified.
Thus, it is necessary not only to reduce technogenic CO2 emissions, but also not to cut down, but rather to plant, forests and urgently take measures to plant the desert, especially its edges, leading artificial water there and planting artificial forests, parks (natural and artificial), gardens, grain fields and vegetable lands, grasses, bushes, etc., since the growth of co2 due to deforestation is about the same as when burning fuel in the scientific and technological revolution.
7. The growth of CO2 emissions by the beginning of the 22nd century (assuming the amount of gas emissions at the level of 2001, ie 6Gt / year, the invariability of forest areas and deserts, i.e. ideal):
6Gt x100 years = 600Gt, i.e.
600Gt: 1360Gt x 100% = 25%
8. But, if the annual increase in production of hydrocarbons intended for combustion is at least 3% (this should be limited by international treaties), then the increase in carbon dioxide emissions over this time will increase by almost the same: i.e. by 500Gt, which means that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be almost 50% more compared with 2000 / (600 + 500): 2: 750 / or 120% / (450 + 360 + 600 + 500): 2 : 750 / more, that is, more than 2 times than 150 years ago, even without taking into account further deforestation and further growth of deserts (but taking into account that, like in those centuries, half of CO2 is recycled by nature). And how many of the most poisonous carbon monoxide (CO), which destroys all living things and distorts the genes of the flora (mutates), no one has counted out into the atmosphere, and it’s even scary to count.
9. If the emission rates remain current, and deforestation remains at the current level, by 2060, emissions will be:
6 x 50 + (14 – 6) x 50 + 20: 2 x0.4: 2 x 50 = 300 + 400 + 100 = 800Gt, where
14Gt – CO2 emissions by 2060,
20Gt – the level of decline in CO2 processing by the forest.
10. The growth of CO2 compared to the 19th century, excluding the growth of deserts:
(800 + 450 + 360): 2: 750 x 100% = 107%
10. Imagine the perfect option:
Until 2015, a decision was taken on radical environmental measures around the world,
2020 – prohibit the construction and launch of old thermal power plants,
From 2025 – build only new TPPs and cars (solar vehicles),
From 2040 – close all old TPPs and most of the old car plants.
From 2020 – to cut down forests only as much as he planted and raised to the age of 5 in the desert or paid the appropriate tax to targeted global funds,
Only from 2025 will the stabilization of forests begin
Only by 2050 will the trees become adults and they will fully process as much CO2 as was cut down in 2020.
Thus, even ideally, it takes about 30-40 years for the transition period from barbaric energy management methods to environmentally clean and during this time there will still be almost 2 times more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the middle of the 21st century than 300 years ago. .
During this time, it is quite possible with the help of the United Nations to make plans and projects for the integrated development of deserts, and even introduce the first stage of CEE, and for this you only need to annually reduce each country’s military spending by only:
5,000 billion: 25 years: 1,500 billion x 100% = 13.3%,
those. annually during the first 5 years to reduce military spending by 15% and thus reduce them during this time by half, and then the remaining funds (200 billion dollars. per year) receive in the form of UN taxes on deforestation and burning hydrocarbon fuel which should be in size:
200 billion dale : 8 billion tons of fuel production = 25 dollars per ton, which is now only 20% of taxes per ton. oil, for example, in Russia, 5% of the current world price ($ 500 per ton) for oil or 3% for the price of oil ($ 900) in 2008 and not a single cent of this huge price for environmental needs, and only in the pockets of stockbrokers, dealers and speculators of oil, not to mention gasoline.
All other stages can be carried out in a commercially-centralized form. They will no longer present difficulties for the MFES.
____________
* – all calculations according to scheme 4 (according to book 9, p.122)
** – settlement scheme is very simplified.
*** – without taking into account the peculiarities of decay in the northern (coniferous) and tropical forests.
**** – without taking into account the peculiarities of rotting and respiration of soil microorganisms in cultural plantings and wild places.
***** – according to approximate data at the beginning of the 21st century.
Calculation 1b
mechanism for reducing atomic (ozone) oxygen
When the carbon monoxide and sulfuric gas are released from the fireboxes, according to the author, two types of chemical reactions occur in the atmosphere, resulting in the formation of acids.
1st option:
1. CO + CO + H2O = H2CO3 + C,
2. SO2 + SO2 + H2O = H2SO4 + S.
Option 2:
1. CO (flue gas) + Н2О (atmospheric water) = Н2СО2,
H2CO2 + O (atomic oxygen) = H2CO3 (carbonic acid).
2. SO3 + H2O + O = H2SO4.
But part of the carbon monoxide molecules reaches the ozone layer, where they combine with atomic oxygen:
2. CO + O (ozone layer) = CO2
Thus, according to the author, the decrease in atomic oxygen occurs in the lower layers of the atmosphere and in the upper layers, that is, in the ozone layer, and therefore the ozone layer decreases rapidly (but we do not know this: how much?), Which increases the passage of ultraviolet rays through the atmosphere and their number, falling on the earth’s surface, which in turn causes cancer in humans, changes the genetic foundation of all life on Earth.
This gas (CO) is the most dangerous consequence of the combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels, as it causes two negative consequences at once: acid in the atmosphere and a decrease in the ozone layer, which together affect all life on the planet, up to a genetic mutation: microbes in the air, in the soil and in water, on flora and fauna, including on the human genome.
Because of this, there may be new types (stamps) of influenza and other microbes and viruses, dozens of old contagious diseases are returning, but with different properties, etc. and the like. Probably, therefore, in recent years, new types and forms of viral and microbial diseases have emerged: avian and swine flu, new types of malaria, etc. etc., many of which we do not yet know, until someone gets sick, since research is not being conducted in this direction either.
Calculation # 2
the amount of actual emissions of CO and CO2 for the actual production of hydrocarbons
1. The actual average oil production per year (for 2000-2010) – 5 billion. t.
2. Not burned part (bitumen, etc.) – 1 billion. t.
3. In fact, burned – 4 billion. t.
4. The amount of produced gas – 4 trillion. m3 (billion tons
5. The amount of carbon produced in the gases is 2.5 billion tons.
6. The amount of coal mined and burned is 1.3 billion. t.,
– The amount of carbon in the gases is 1 billion Gt.
7. The amount of wood burned is more than 3 billion m3 (more than 2 billion tons).
8. Total hydrocarbons burned – 8.5 billion tons
The amount of carbon emitted in carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide entering the atmosphere when hydrocarbons are burned is actually not 5.5 Gt, as shown in Scheme 5, but, as we see, more, because in the first place the combustion of firewood and branches.
9. The amount of carbon monoxide will actually be twice as much:
8.5 billion tons (C) x 2 = 17 billion tons (Gt.) (CO2) = 17 trillion m3 (CO2)
Consequently, according to our calculations, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is much more than in the table above, and carbon monoxide is emitted around:
– 17 Gt. X 0.24 = 3.5 Gt. (C) = 3.5 trillion m 3 gas CO,
where 0,24 – the average coefficient of the content of carbon monoxide in the combustion products and it is equal to:
(1% + 10% + 20% + 30% + 60%): 5: 100 = 24%
1% – the content of carbon monoxide during combustion of natural and similar gas and in closed electric wires,
10% – when burning in open electricity,
20% – in various open fire chambers,
30% – in diesel ICE,
60% – gasoline engine.
10. If at least 10% of the carbon monoxide emitted into the atmosphere does not combine with water, then in the atmosphere it will combine with ozone during thunderstorms:
3.5 Gt x 0.1 = 3.5 trillion m3 x 0.1 = 350 billion m3
If at least one percent of carbon monoxide that does not combine with water, that is, only a thousandth of the total carbon monoxide emitted by man, does not combine with water and ozone in the atmosphere and reaches the ozone layer, then it will be:
350 billion m3 x 0.01 = 3.5 billion m3
11. Size of the ozone layer:
– 4pr2 x t = 3, 14 x 4 x r2 x 0.003 m = = 3x4x7000km.x1000x7000km. х1000х0.003 = 1.8 trillion m3,
where r is the radius of the ozone shell, equal to:
r = R + h = 7000 km.,
where: R is the radius of the Earth, h is the height of the ozone layer above the Earth?
t is the thickness of the ozone layer.
12. Time of destruction of the ozone layer:
1.8 trillion m3: 3.5 billion m3 / year = 514 years
Consequently, as soon as carbon monoxide becomes more than atmospheric water can neutralize it into acid, then after it becomes more than ozone is released in the atmosphere during thunderstorms, after 500 years the ozone layer may disappear.
Considering that about 30-50 years ago, the ozone layer began to decline noticeably, then in 150-200 years it will be only half, and this is practically a catastrophe for all life on Earth. But since we do not know the actual amount of CO emission, this may occur in the 21st century.
To reveal the actual picture today, we need the following studies:
– direct measurement of the volume of reduction of the ozone layer (OS),
– counting the actual release of CO,
– determining the amount of ozone released during thunderstorms and its mechanism for combining with CO,
– determining the amount of CO combining with the ozone of the atmosphere,
– determination of the causes and amount of CO reaching the Ozone Layer.
Thus, at least 4.5 billion tons of acids are created annually in the atmosphere from the combustion of various hydrocarbons, which fall on the earth, rivers, seas and oceans, destroying everything in their path and ozone (atomic oxygen) decreases first in the atmosphere , ie, the atomic oxygen released during a thunderstorm is immediately combined with carbon monoxide gas constantly present in the atmosphere and practically does not reach the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, and that carbon monoxide that reaches the ozone layer connects there with atomic oxygen and destroys billions of years, the ozone layer.
Nature created the ozone layer for billions of years, and the man of the last 300 years began to destroy it and in the 21st century can destroy it altogether, in one place – and himself.
Calculation number 3 amount of water in the world and meet him in the future
1. Water consumption per day per person in all types of activities (excluding agricultural expenditures /: 300
2. Water consumption per person per year:
300 l x 365 = 110 m3 (t)
3. Consumption for the normal functioning of the population:
110t x 7 billion people = 770 billion tons
4. Amounts of ice in glaciers: 15.5 million km3 *
5. The amount of drinking water needed per year per person:
5l x365days = 1825l
6. Time spent by the glaciers on drinking water:
15 million km. 3 x 1 billion x 0.8: 1.8 t / person-year: 7 billion people = 950 thousand years
7. Time spent by glaciers on domestic water:
15 million km3 x 1 billion x 0.8: 50m3 / person-year: 7 billion.
people = 354tys. years old.
Thus, the glaciers are huge reserves of clean water and, if they disappear, the water security of mankind will fall sharply.
If you even carry water from glaciers into deserts and semi-deserts for drinking and even agricultural water, plant deserts and thereby reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere and glaciers stop melting, then even at any delivery price, it will be beneficial to humanity glaciers and water security of the Earth.
Even if we manage to preserve the third part of the glaciers (5 million km3) of glaciers, then it will be enough for 10 billion people for all needs:
5 million km3 x 1 billion (m3): 10 billion people. : 200 m3 / year = 2.5 thousand years.
Otherwise, they will mix with salt water in akeanah.
Thus, the melting of the ice of the Arctic and Antarctica, a decrease in the ozone layer in the atmosphere and acid precipitation are the most dangerous consequences of the anthropogenic influence of man on the GIK.
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* – according to approximate data at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century.
Calculation # 4
energy requirements for electrical (nuclear) desalination stations
The amount of desalinated water per kilowatt-hour – 6l.
The amount of desalinated water from the electricity of nuclear reactors:
10 billion kW *. x 6l / hour = 60 billion. l / h (60 million t. / h) = 1,440 billion l / day.
3. The number of people completely, incl. and irrigated agriculture, i.e., water supply:
1,440 billion liters: 500 liters = 3 billion people, where:
100l – for domestic needs, 100l – for urban maintenance, 300l – for food and clothing in irrigated agriculture in semi-deserts, steppes and savanna.
Thus, if nuclear fuel instead of warheads were aimed at creating nuclear weapons in the NF, they would provide water and food for an additional 3 billion people or 2 billion people with full energy in deserts and semi-deserts, turning them into flowering oases: gardens and parks with developed irrigated agriculture (in North Africa and Arabia – 1 billion people. And in Central Asia – 1 billion.), which is now not enough in the world even in other, better climatic conditions. Consequently, the current 2 billion people live poorly because of the thermonuclear race unleashed in the world in the second half of the 20th century, according to the author of the USA
.
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* – the total capacity of NPS, which could be built from ore for nuclear warheads, see further in the calculation №10.
Environmental calculation number 5 (US military spending in Iraq)
In Iraq and Afghanistan over the past 15 years (1996-2010), only the United States has spent at least $ 300 billion. for military spending, i.e. an average of 20 billion a year *.
! Option: Providing desalination water and electricity.
1. The installed annual capacity of NPP and AOC from possible such investments:
– 10 billion dollars. : 1000 dollars = 10 million kW. NPP,
where 1000 dollars – the average cost of building capacity of 1 kW. in nuclear power plants (1 watt = 1 dol.),
– 10 million kW. x 6l x 24 hour = 1 440 million liters / day,
– the number of people provided with drinking water:
1440 million liters. : 100l = 14 million people
Thus, only half of the military expenditures invested in nuclear power plants in one year will give electric current for desalination of drinking water to practically the entire urban population of Iraq.
2. The area of photovoltaic cells generated from such investments per year:
– 10 billion dollars. : 10 thousand dollars. / m2 = 1 million. m2,
where 10 thousand dollars. – the cost of production of 1m2 UPC.
3. Installed power solar flint converters (UPC):
– 1 million m2 x 0.4 kW. / m2 = 400 thousand. kW,
Where 0.4 kW. / m2 – the average power of electricity converted from solar in the area.
4. The amount of desalinated water per day in SOS:
400 thousand kW. x 10 l x 24h = 96 million liters / day,
Where 10 l / h – the performance of 1 kW / h DC.
5. The amount of rural water served by drinking water (without animals) is from an annual investment of 10 billion dollars. in UPC:
96 ppm : 40l. = 2.4 million people or 36 million in 15 years
where 40 l. – the rate of consumption of drinking water in rural areas (without central water supply).
6. The number of people in rural areas served by electricity (water heating, cooling of the room, desalination of sea water, a pump for shallow groundwater: wells, etc., a pump for deep waters for the whole village, etc., etc. ) from UPC:
400 thousand kw. : 0.25kw. = 1.6 million people
where 0.25 kW./pers. – the norm of installed electricity capacity for normal living in rural areas in local conditions.
7. Number of rural people with electricity and fresh water for 15 years, half of the investment in the UPC:
– 1.6 million people. X 15 years = 24 million people.,
which is approximately equal to the entire population of a country that does not have a central water supply.
8. The amount of desalinated industrial water and water for agricultural production (14 NPPs of 10 million kW each, excluding the cost of AOC):
9. 1440 million liters x 14 years = 20 billion liters / day
10. Number of people provided with food and technical crops from drip irrigation in the desert:
20 billion liters: 500 = 40 million people.
Thus, for the same costs (300 billion dollars.) The United States could build nuclear power plants with a total capacity of 100 million. kW., most of the electricity generated is directed to desalinating seawater of the same OS capacity and supplying drinking water to 40 million people, that is, almost the entire population of Iraq, and giving electricity to 4 million rural people, improving life and production (drip irrigation) about 40 million inhabitants (without taking into account the cost of agricultural and other infrastructures), i.e. for 15 years they could radically improve the urban water supply and the power supply of the rural population and Iraq would not need to burn for this a single gram of hydrocarbons, and mean t improve and power the entire country in abundance, but instead the war the Western allies brought devastation, instability and hunger.
!! Option: Integrated introduction of new technologies for CEE
NO and TFR for the integrated development of the desert – 5 billion dollars.
Construction of two nuclear power plants for 5 million. kW – 10 billion dollars.
The construction of a sand processing complex (POC) * with a capacity of 2 million tons of enriched sand per year – 10 billion dollars.
Construction of AOS with a capacity of 1 million tons of water per day – 2 billion dollars.
Integrated plant for the coating of concrete products photoelectric silicon:
– 1 mln. ton converters. silicon (the cost of production of 1 trillion. dollars) per year – 25 billion dollars.
– Silicon-coated concrete goods – 25 billion dollars.
6. Breakdown of parks and gardens around mills and agricultural development – 5 billion.
7. Construction of two-way railway. on a magnetic cushion from the sand-dressing plant to concrete products from SBOK and to a specialized seaport for transporting enriched sand and concrete goods from the SBOK with a length of 600 km.
– 50 million dollars / km. x 600 km. = 30 billion
– 4 stations – 20 billion
8. Construction of automotive infrastructure – 5 billion.
9. Construction of a special port (SKMP) and vessels with container transportation of enriched sand, flint sheets and ingots, and concrete goods from SBOK – 50 billion.
10. Third of the first option – 100 billion.
Total: 287 billion dollars.
So we see that by making a mixed investment, the United States could turn Iraq into an exemplary country to introduce advanced environmental technology, but instead they have what they have and what they wanted.
This could have now, if the United States and its allies would cut their military spending by a third, and then, in just three years of saving military funds, they would have the means to implement both versions of the project.
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* – excluding the costs of the CIA, the State Department, public and charitable organizations and other, unknown to us costs,
Comparative calculation number 6
hydrocarbon fuel combustion and photoelectric sun-silicon converter (UPC) production *
1. The amount of energy contained in 1 kg. hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene) – 6 thousand kcal.
2. Power 1kg. photoelectric silicon 1mm thick .:
– 1 kg. : 10kg x 1m2 x 0.5kw. = 0.05 kW. (50W)
– 6 000 kcal. X 1.16: 50 Tues./hour = 139h,
After such a time 1kg. silicon will produce as much solar electricity.
3. Number of energy per year:
0.05 kWh 8760 hours = 438 kWh = 438 thousand W / hour
4. The cost of electricity generated per year:
438kv.ch x 0.1 dollars. = 43.8 dollars.
5. The amount of energy for melting one kg of silicon – 2000 * Gcal. (6 million kcal)
6. The amount of hydrocarbon fuel required for melting 1 kg. silicon:
2 million kcal : 6 thousand. Kcal. = 333 l
7. The cost of hydrocarbon energy for melting 1kg. silicon:
333l x 0.5 dollars. = 167 dollars.
8. The payback period of silicon photoelectric converters for CO2:
167: 44 = 4 years
those. after 4 years, the PCB will be environmentally friendly.
9. The economic payback period of the PSC 1kg. :
1000dol. : 44dol. = 23 years, where
1000 dollars – the price of 1kg KSP.
Thus, when using PSC, after 4 years we begin to receive savings (reduction of emissions) of carbon dioxide, and after 20 years – full payback of photoelectric converters, that is, after 20 years we get energy for free, and since the photoelectric element itself can work hundreds of even a thousand years, then, if in 100 years you replace carbon electric power with flint, then in 20 years all energy will be almost free and no CO2 emissions
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* – approximate data
Calculation №7
possibilities of expanding agricultural land in the integrated development of the Saharanid desert with Arabia and the number of jobs when introducing CEE *
Development of 10% of desert areas **:
10 million m. X2.5 million. M: 10: 100 thousand. m2 = 25 million hectares
2. The number of people provided with food and technical crops from these irrigated areas:
25 million ha x 8 people = 200 million people
3, The number of people providing agricultural products at 20% of the agricultural development of the areas of Saharanis: – 400 million. people
4. The number of imported food due to the income from CEE: – 200 million. people
5. The number of jobs in the integrated development of these deserts and the construction of the Sahara Railways:
– construction and maintenance of 20 NPP and 100 KOS with electric networks and water mains – 1 million. people
– 20 flint metallurgical plants with associated metalworking plants – 1 million. people
– 100 factories of concrete products and PVC with assembly and construction organizations – 10 million people.
– construction and maintenance of SZHMP – 15 million people, incl. outside the Sahara – 10 million people.
– 2 ocean ports – 2 million. people
– construction and maintenance of automotive and urban infrastructures – 50 million people.
– agricultural production of 25 million hectares and its maintenance, afforestation ** and environmental protection – 50 million people.
Total: more than 100 million. work places.
6. The number of additional population (unemployed women and children): 150 million people.
7. Prospective population growth in the 22nd century – 150 million.
Thus, the integrated development of the Saharanis Desert and Arabia can yield about 100 million in the 21st century. jobs, one and a half times improve the living standards of the current 400 million population and the growth of the population by as much. And the integrated development of mountains and other deserts in the 21-22 centuries – the growth and employment of another half a billion people directly in them, as many (1 billion) in other parts of the world.
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* – according to 2010 data
** – it should be noted that forest plantations in desert and semi-desert conditions (along the perimeter of deserts) will have a specific character (this should be practically not forest-forestry, but parkland, that is, with constant care of them) and will require new technologies not only agricultural production, but also in them, which in turn will require a lot of
Круговорот углерода в природе (в Гекотонн) – The carbon cycle in nature (in Hekotonn).
Выделение СО2 в атмосфере: – Emission of CO2 in the atmosphere:
Дыхание:60 – Breath: 60
Сжигание топлива:5,5 – Fuel Burning: 5,5
Растительность:610 – Vegetation: 610
Изменение в использовании земель:1,1 – Change in land use: 1.1
Почва и дендрит:1580 – Soil and Dendrite: 1580
Дыхание морских животных:90 – Breath of marine animals: 90
Морские организмы:3 – Marine organisms: 3
Морские растения: более 37553,8 – Marine plants: more than 37553.8
Итого выделение СО2:39903,4 – Total CO2 emissions: 39903.4
Поглощение СО2: – CO2 absorption
Фотосинтез: 61,4 – Photosynthesis: 61.4
Поглощение водами и организмами:92 – Absorption by water and organisms: 92
Толща вод: более 39000 – Water column: more than 39000
Итого поглощение СО2:39153,4 – Total CO2 absorption: 39153.4
Итого СО2 в атмосфере:750 – Total atmospheric CO2: 750
Scheme №4 The carbon cycle in the biosphere (Gt.) (according to the book 9., p. 122)
Calculation №8
economic indicators of cargo transportation to MZHMP
To use high speed train can only be single-carriage.
1. The current cost of transportation of concrete products and sand / except
Aviation / – 10 cent / kg per 100 km. or $ 100 for 1 ton per 100 km.
2. Cost * 1km MZHMP / cm. Fig.15 and 17 / – 100 million. dale on km or 10 billion dale per 100 km. / together with the wagons and all station structures /.
3. The depreciation period of MZHMP is at least 100 years.
4. Amortization value – 100 million dollars. in year. 100 km.
5. The value of the payload of one car – 10 tons.
6. Time and distance between two cars – 2 minutes. and 20 km.
7. The number of cars on the World Railways network is 50 thousand.
8. Transportation speed is 600-1000 km / h.
9. Transportation time per 100 km. – 10 min.
10. Amount of depreciation on 1t. cargo per 100km. :
$ 100,000,000 : 10t: / 366 x 24h x60 min: 10 min / = 190 dollars on 1t / 100 km.
11. The total price of transportation of 1 ton of cargo per 100 km. taking into account electricity consumption, salaries and overhead costs:
a) Electricity consumption for the movement of the car:
5000 kW x0.17 hour: 10 t. x 0.2 dale / 1 kW.ht = 17 dale / t. per 100km.
If the outer surface of the cars will be made of flint converters, which will give all the necessary current inside the car, then the total energy consumption will decrease by about three.
b) Other expenses: electricity, salary, overhead, etc. – 100 dollars.
Total: about 300 dollars.
Calculation number 9 environmental tax on oil
1. The average amount of oil produced per year:
84 million barrels x 365 days = 30 billion barrels per year = 5 billion tons. Year
2. The size of the tax on oil per year:
$ 15 x 5 billion t = 450 billion
3. The amount of forest planted in the forest-steppe and savannah per year:
450 billion dollars : 100 thousand dollars / ha = 4.5 million hectares,
This means that for 3 years with this money you can plant a forest around the African deserts of 15 million hectares of savanna forest 50 km wide. and for 10 years (the cost of planting greenery in the desert will be at least 2 times more due to their constant irrigation, otherwise they will not survive) to plant trees on 25 million hectares of desert (10% of the area of deserts), and the price of oil will increase by only 3.5 %.
/ 15dol.: (70dol.: 160x1tys.) X% / 100
Thus, if each of the producers, processor and intermediaries pay an environmental tax from their net income in the amount of 3-4% of their value added (or transfers 3-4% VAT on environmental needs, and not to bureaucrats and the military), then only For 15 to 20 years, it is possible to stop the growth of deserts and the reduction of forest areas throughout the world and create an ecological balance between produced and consumed carbon dioxide. The same tax must be introduced in other industries that burn hydrocarbons: the burning of natural gas, coal, peat, shale, firewood, and others.
Calculation 8 nuclear warhead costs
The number of warheads – 30 thousand
The minimum amount of nuclear fuel in the warhead is 3kg.
The maximum amount is 300 kg.
The average amount of fuel in one warhead produced is 10kg.
Amount of nuclear ore going to a nuclear energy reaction:
10kg. x 10 x 30 thousand = 3 million kg ..
Where 10 is the ratio of obtaining nuclear warhead and the concentration of nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor of a nuclear power plant (3%: 20% or more)
6. Consumption of nuclear energy fuel for poison. reactor (YAR) with a capacity of 300 thousand kW. for 20 years – 100 kg.
7. Number YAR power of 300 thousand kW.
– 3 million kg. : 100 kg. = 30 thousand Yar
– total power – 300 thousand kW. x 30 thousand YAR = 9 billion kW.
In addition, about 2 million kg remained in the reserve. poison. fuel, i.e. almost as many YARs (with a total capacity of 6 billion kW) could be built, and thus the total YAR power could be:
-9 billion + 6 billion + 0.25 billion = 15, 25 billion kW.,
where 0.25 billion is the current installed capacity of all YARs in the world,
– increase nuclear power:
15.25 billion: 0.25 kW. = 61 times
ie, it was possible to build nuclear fuel for this nuclear fuel 61 times more than it is now or
– it would be possible to increase the production of electricity compared to the production of it now by all kinds of 20 times:
– 15.25 kW : 2 billion = 7, 6 times or
taking into account the burning of wood and other types of energy – 7 times.
The world community can reach such a level of power generation, if it survives this penyod, only by the beginning of the 22nd century, that is, after 200 years, and all this because of the nuclear-missile race imposed on the world by the WestWest and first of all the USA.
8. The cost of one submarine, the production technology of which is identical to the production of nuclear power plants, from 16-24 poison. warheads – 16 – 30 billion dollars. USA
9. Number of NPP capacities instead of a submarine:
16 billion: 1000 dollars. = 16 million kW.,
where the cost of one kW. NPP installed capacity
10. Total number of NPP capacities instead of submarines:
! 6 million kW x 150 = 2 billion .. 400 million thousand kW. NPP
Thus, only instead of submarines, hundreds of nuclear power plants could be built with a total capacity of over 2 billion kWh, which would increase electricity production more than twice.
Approximately the same picture with other nuclear carriers.
Calculation number power of the sunmobile
1. The area of illumination by the sun in a large passenger car and a minivan-type car (minivan) – 6 m2
2. Average power of converted solar energy for subtropical latitudes:
0.7kW / m2 x 0.5 = 0.35 kW / m2, where
0.5 is the average coefficient of solar brightness in subtropical and middle latitudes during the day compared to the maximum brightness at the equator,
0.7 kW / m2 is the maximum power of received electricity from 1m2 at the equator when the rays are perpendicular to the surface of the converter.
3. The amount of received power from solar energy:
0.33 x 6 m2 = 2kW.
4, Similar capacity of the engine:
2 kW x 1.2 x 4 x 3 x 1.4 x 1.4 = 58 hp, where:
1.2 – conversion factor to hp,
4 = 0.8: 0.2,
0.8 – efficiency. Electric motor,
0.2 – efficiency. ICE with gearbox,
3 – the amount of relief for the weight of the electric vehicle compared with the engine and transmission,
1.4 is the magnitude of the decrease in aerodynamic drag of the solar vehicle in comparison with a case with internal combustion engines,
1.4 is the magnitude of the increase in the friction coefficient of the solar vehicle *.
If you make and glass of KSEP, then its capacity will increase by at least 50%, as in buildings and structures.
Considering that the majority of such cars cost at least half of the light time, and microcars cost up to 80% of their daytime, even without a night electric refueling of energy and the power of solar vehicles will be enough to completely replace the already outdated environmentally friendly cars with ICE.
The same can be replaced by buses and railway. trains with ICE for power supply with KSEP. Capacities of such buses and cars with KSEP can reach:
100 m2 x 0.3 kW / m2 = 30 kW.,
which is equivalent to hp ICE:
30kW x 1.2 x 4 x 1.5 = 216 hp,
which is quite enough for the severity of these vehicles, and for a train of 20 passenger cars, the power generated by the CEP will be:
216 kW x 20 = 4320 kW.,
The electric power of a train with such cars (30 kW / h20 = 600 kW / h) is even greater for current high-speed electric trains, and there will also be more efficiency in them, since it will not be necessary to convert AC power into direct current, and the weight of the batteries will be much less than ICE.
LECTURE 4. The global financial and economic system (GFES): reformation or death?
Since the onset of the global financial and ecoenomic crisis (GFEK) in 2008 (although the author believes that it actually began in 2007), more than 10 years have passed, but the global economy, the economy of most countries of the world, is almost in stagnation and only due to growth advanced technologies: digital television, mobile communications, biological and medical industries and some others, gives a small increase, although in all other industries it has not yet reached the level of 2007.
What is the reason for all this and what needs to be done in order for growth to begin (in terms of improving global economic relations), we will look at this chapter. Otherwise, not only the rise of rorst will begin, but also the death of the current ugly MFES.
1. MB and the IMF – dinosaurs of neo-colonialism, the consequences of the second and cold warrior
On the nature of the work of the main institutions of the monetary and financial system: the World Bank / IB /, the European Bank for Reconstruction / EBR / and the International Monetary Fund / IMF / I’ll tell you again on the example of the practice of their work in the Republic of Moldova / RM /.
The IMF, and with it the IB, came to Moldova sometime in 1995 and the first condition for granting a loan to the newly created state, the Republic of Moldova, of the transition period / from the centralized total state planned socialist regulation of the economy to a capitalist market economy / became standard , in their opinion, the requirement to reduce public spending and primarily by reducing social spending.
Under the socialist system, these expenses were very high for two reasons: due to the low wages of all segments of the population, up to the top leaders of the state, and ideology, i.e. deliberately show worries the care of the socialist, and more specifically the Bolshevik, state of the people, having made a system of natural and preferential distribution for elected people, faithfully serving the party and the state, i.e., practical, albeit ugly, communism, so understood by that ideology.
By 1995, the Republic of Moldova had already had its own national currency, formal / technical parts / privatization of most of the former total state property was carried out, banks became commercial, many new commercial banks appeared, the first commodity and then the stock exchange appeared, a dozen were formed investment and bond funds, which began to assume obligations to dispose of citizens’ privatization bonds.
But by this time, unemployment had reached its peak: about 30% of total unemployment and as many more partial. Those small savings of the population / the average contribution in 1989 was about 1.5 thousand rubles, which corresponds to a thousand euros at the current euro exchange rate, although by 1995 there was already a sharp differentiation of incomes of the population / in the former state bank, only in which it was allowed to accept deposits of the population in cash / in Soviet times, banks were not allowed to have non-cash money /, they completely depreciated and were not given out to the population, or rather hung in the air, since the new, already commercial, bank / successor / did not have any working capital.
The average salary of employees at this time was $ 60, a pension of 25-30 dollars., And the cost of living per person – $ 150.
All education, almost all medicine, was state-owned, that is, at the expense of centralized and local budgets, and the salary was lower than the average, that is, 70% of the population lived below the subsistence minimum. Or even had no income at all. Therefore, at this time, not only bribery and corruption in state and local authorities flourished rapidly, but also in medicine and everywhere else.
And in such economic and social conditions, as then in 1996, and now in 2009, the IMF comes into the country and first of all sets a condition to freeze the size of the pension and raise the pension requirement, freeze the meager salaries of state employees, etc. At the same time, a representative of the IMF and European banks / in 1996 / Madame Blank on national television justifies this by saying that social expenditures occupy a large share in the budget structure.
But, first, they were large, not because there were many, but because the budget revenues were small, and without these payments, the population would be left without any means of subsistence: after all, it’s impossible to replace the total free public education with paid and especially private, also in medical care, with total poverty and economic decline.
Under these conditions, it was necessary to direct all funds for the preservation and growth of jobs, supporting by any means the remnants of industrial production and destroyed agricultural production.
And for this you need to have soft loans in the country: low interest rates and long repayment terms. This could be done only by the IMF. But he did not. Instead, laws were passed on raising the pension requirement, freezing pensions and salary payments to state employees, and other measures to cut the budget, and above all, by cutting down on meager social benefits.
Under these conditions, the third part (more than half a million), the most able-bodied, the population emigrated or became guest workers and in five years they began to give virtually half of the national income of the country and 80% of foreign currency.
And now, instead of helping at least the main branch of the country, agriculture, the IMF is privatizing agriculture, as a result of which state and collective relations have been disbanded. The enterprises with their infrastructure, which has been established for almost 50 years, and as a result of the agricultural production fell by 45%. Not by 1%, as it is now in the West during the global crisis, but by almost half.
In these conditions, it was economically feasible to formally assign their poor 2-3 hectares of land to the peasants, and then when a desire arose, and most importantly economic conditions, the IMF needed to provide preferential loans to those peasants who are able to independently produce agricultural production. , especially he had to assist in the storage and processing of agricultural products on site.
Instead, due to the fact that the Communists came to power as a result of democratic elections, in 2000 the IMF left the country altogether and left single peasants without the necessary assistance after privatization.
Seven years later, the IMF returned, but the years were lost, and they started their song again from the beginning: instead of developing agricultural production with the help of soft loans, they require raising the pension qualification, etc., etc.
Thus, the IMF still applies the work methods of a century and a half ago: to tie the country to its / overseas / politics and ideology, to issue only short-term loans at the highest interest, in order to get maximum profit and only to ruin / American / banks and investors. peasants, and then buy land from them on the cheap, i.e. apply a pure neo-colonial policy. And the yard is already 21st century and new approaches are needed.
If at one time, in 2001–2005, the IMF and banks would give Moldovan peasants, like all CIS peasants, soft loans for at least five years: for the purchase of a new, more individual micro agrotechnology, for the construction of various processing micro workshops , mills, etc., etc., by the end of the decade they would have had good profits, as well as budget money for many social programs.
Instead, Western investors finance the construction of various shopping centers and residential buildings in the capital and other major cities of the country. Yes, the demand for housing was colossal, since there is no work in the village and most go to the city to earn money, and who abroad from the guest performers abroad earned some money could not put it into circulation there, in the village, because to transfer money from 2% of them are lost abroad, and to bring equipment – a duty of 5-15% and VAT of 20%.
The MFEK began, and many shopping malls and residential buildings were left unfinished, since the vast majority of them were built with loans from foreign banks. Such is the essence of the world FES.
Of course, in such conditions, the Moldovan government, like many countries of central and eastern Europe, ran to rich countries, Russia, China and Japan, and now in the EU and the US, for state loans, because at least you can take them at a lower%, yes for a longer period: 4-6 years. But it was too late, the new government abandoned them in favor of loans from the IMF and the EU.
Thus, it can be said that the economic model imposed by
Eastern Europe, as well as earlier developing countries, has completely failed not only for these countries, but also for the creators themselves, and they themselves survived to the most severe crisis in almost 100 years, / AT LEAST 15 YEARS BEFORE THE CRISIS OF EASTERN EXTENSION THE MARKET WEST HAS RECEIVED A GREAT INCENTIVE FOR PRODUCTION AND THIS HAS DECLINED AND DETAINED THE MFES CRISIS FOR 10 YEARS, which was supposed to have come at the end of the 20th century, causing even more instability in the world, hunger, inequality, chaos and total decline of culture, which still more mustache gubilis due to the crisis.
Therefore, we need a fundamental reformation of the work of the IMF and its banking structures, which should be based on such new principles:
– rejection of the political and ideological component of the work of this economic body,
– / for the purpose of raising incomes, and not spending cuts, as now / providing loans for core-forming industries at the lowest interest rates in a given country and for the longest periods,
– proclamation of the principle of refusal to purchase local land for a certain time / 20-30 years /,
– an equal division of income / profit / according to the principle: equal shares of profit per unit of capital, i.e. landowner, investor, labor and budget have approximately the same share of profit per unit of land or capital.
2. The basic law of the functioning of the modern MFES, its antagonistic contradictions and ways to eliminate them.
The action of the basic law of the functioning of the MFES and its consequence.
To begin with, let us repeat once again the shortcomings of the modern HFPS, which we identified in the previous chapter and the ways to eliminate them:
– separation of investment funds from the real economy and weak control / regulation / behind them by national / state / and international institutions,
– the lack of distribution of profits in favor of new technology and technology / investment / and ecology in the real sector of the economy,
-a high percentage of loans provided by international financial institutions and the lack of incentives for loans to the core industries of the country, which hampers the economic development of the credited countries.
All this is the technical side of the functioning of the MFES. They can be eliminated by appropriate changes in domestic and interstate / international / legislation. But this does not fix the whole essence of the modern MFES in the right direction.
The main point is that the functioning of the MFES has the law of obtaining maximum profit in the shortest possible time. This is because the mechanism of functioning of the MFES is designed so that all investors, banks, investors invest their funds in the financial system in order to get the maximum profit for a period not exceeding 1 year.
And in which industries, firms, projects, etc., the greatest profits are expected for the next period, there are financial means / capital, investments /. And, if for some reason even temporarily profits and, in particular, dividends fall into them, then immediately there is an outflow of funds from these economic objects, making it difficult for them to continue functioning, although after a certain period, if this outflow did not exist, the object could give big profit.
And completely modern investment processes are separated from promising industries that can make a profit in 3-5 years, and we don’t even talk about a decade.
This law leads to three extremely undesirable, and even destructive, results:
– do not invest projects, and even whole new industries that give a profit of more than 3-5 years,
– for the sake of a minute profit, natural resources are mercilessly exploited or even ruined,
-no economic interest for environmental projects.
As an example, the technology of complete purification of all gases from carbon monoxide destructive for our planet was invented back in the early 80s, but so far not one, not even experimental CHP, TPP or automobile has been created.
Especially in 50 post-war years, the implementation of this law in the MFES resulted in a catastrophic global global depletion of forests, critical damage to water and land resources, a catastrophic decrease in the ozone layer, especially in northern latitudes, which led to global climate change in the Northern Hemisphere.
International firms, which, as a rule, have always been led by Western capital, mainly large American firms and wealthy American family clans, with the help of their governments, made coups in other countries to put their puppets at the head of states, bribed, duped, killed and The necessary local officials, if only to get maximum access to natural and fossil resources for their extraction or purchase at the lowest cost, especially for environmental activities.
How to fix the situation? Only in one way: by increasing regulation of economic processes by the state and society, and especially by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations with the help of international institutions and bodies.
Mankind cannot allow all the forests to be cut down for the sake of cheap packing and an oxygen cataclysm would occur on Earth, for the sake of the profits of a handful of rich people to change the climate on Earth so that it would be impossible to live a normal life on it.
And this is all going. And scientists specifically warned about this 30-40 years ago, although over the years they have practically offered all the necessary technologies for replacing environmentally unclean technologies with absolutely clean and most important and cheaper ones. But because of the greed of multinational companies and the ugly MFES, it’s still there. But then the precursors of the cataclysms are increasingly reminded of themselves: nature is becoming increasingly unpredictable, rising prices for energy resources, human genetic change, rising poverty, warriors and conflicts for virtually no reason, but only for the redistribution of property.
Under these conditions, it is necessary to limit surplus consumption in every possible way, and redistribute profits in favor of environmental standards and projects, global promising energy industries, technologies replacing oil, gas, and wood, which do not damage air, water, and land.
How to do it?
Measures to fundamentally improve the functioning of the MFEC.
It causes great respect and even admiration for the European Union’s environmental improvement activities in the EU. But we see that while the results are very modest, and plans and commitments under the Kyoto agreement have not been fulfilled by any country in the world.
And for 10 years, the main polluters of the United States, China and Australia have not even signed this agreement, because practically the same transnational companies and banks operate there. Moreover, even the president of the country / Bush / acted only for his own selfish purposes and withdrew the signature of the previous president, since his father’s refineries would simply increase their expenses.
The government of Germany did the same and does not want to sign and introduce CO2 emission standards for CO2 emissions. And the offensive of the GFEK in 2008 further aggravated the problem and showed that not only the economic but also the political world crisis came: the WTO could not organize its work due to the stubborn protectionism of almost all countries, the inability of specialists to solve problems economically, China and India are bad fulfill their obligations under the Kyoto agreement, etc., etc.
But the main culprit is the ruling circles of the United States, who established an economic order after the Second World War only in their own favor:
– refusal of the gold content in the dollar,
– high interest rates in the US Federal Reserve, the IB and the IMF,
– protectionism
– obtaining the highest possible profit for their own and transnational firms at any cost with the help of their puppets or puppet, and even dictatorial, regimes, and to the detriment of local economies, ecologies and the broad masses of the local population.
Thus, the modern World financial and economic system (MFES) has become a complete anachronism in the world economy and a brake on the development not only of it, but also of the USA itself and requires its own fundamental reformation. Although the new US government understood this and took normal measures to rescue large firms | GM |, and banks, and medium-sized businesses, but still these measures are not enough. First, they are made mainly due to the additional issue of the dollar in the form of a state credit, even a risk control commission is introduced, but its status is clearly insufficient, since total government control is needed.
A radical measure is the need to nationalize or at least put the US Federal Reserve under strict state control, limit the% discount rate of this system to the United States by one percent, and over 1% with the permission of the President, and with the approval in the Senate and the US Congress, because the world may depend on a dozen financial tycoons who have come off completely from life and who do not know the limit of their greed / as it is known before the GFEK crisis, interest rates at the US Federal Reserve reached 6, 5%, i.e. almost half of all profits generated in the whole MFES chain. Thus, there was total exploitation / profit appropriation / of the whole world.
The EU is trying to save its financial institutions. Each country has its own way: Germany is mainly through the provision of loans to firms in the real economy and mainly to its own auto industry. Most of the smaller EU countries, especially those that have re-entered the EU and have previously lived mainly at the expense of the Soviet Union, NOW SURVIVE – thanks to EU assistance, but mostly all by lending their banks to the state to ensure competition with the US oligarchic capital, but these are already belated steps.
To ensure the competitiveness of all participants in the MFES, new rules, new institutions and new political conditions are necessary.
As for the first two, we will look at the next section, and as for the new political structures, this will be seen in the example of taking measures to save the natural ecumene on Earth, which are also part of the proper functioning of the MFEC, since we cannot say about normal mfes if global environmental problems or even more catastrophes are coming.
In order to save the perishing unique nature, there can be in the whole of our Galaxy the nature of the Earth, and together with it and us, with our wrong MFES, radical measures are necessary, first of all in environmental legislation. This legislation can be achieved either by creating a global environmental protection structure, or such a structure under the UN.
All this is not in the 2016 Paris Agreement.
Secondly, all decisions must be binding for all countries. And for this, a UN committee for environmental affairs should be created, at least, like UNESCO, under whose leadership world environmental standards should be developed: strict standards for the ultimate purification of all waste products, which should be based on the principle of integrated processing as raw materials , and waste, full purification of carbon monoxide and exhaust gases.
Other principles are needed:
– a complete ban on the extraction of sand and gravel in the beds of rivers and lakes,
– you can cut down as many trees as you plant first,
– you can catch as much seafood as you have kept or raised,
– violated the environmental standards, the penalty should be in the amount of the cost of measures necessary for their elimination or eliminate it at its own expense.
For violations of the rules, not only the direct violators should be punished, but also representatives of state bodies who allowed this, even the head of state, and then the application of sanctions to the whole country or the introduction of direct management of a UN representative in individual enterprises.
If the UN does not develop and introduce such norms at least since 2025, then an environmental catastrophe is inevitable and then even the current magnates will not be able to hide behind their money or even villas in remote places.
But with such a formulation of the question, prices in the world will increase several times, and maybe an order of magnitude, the demand will fall, production will follow, which means an economic catastrophe. But, firstly, the salvation of nature has no price, and secondly, the introduction of such measures, of course, should be stretched for ten years / until 2040. / and thirdly, such a high cost will make it possible to apply new technologies, make us look
cheaper types of raw materials and energy, and they already exist, their prices for mass production will not be higher, and in some cases, for example, solar electricity, and lower than now, which we will show in the next chapter, and now we will consider another question.
Changing the structure and ideology of MFES.
Any economic, as well as political system, functions correctly and without crises when the main interests of all participants of this process are observed.
World institutions of the IMF and the IB protect the interests of the United States and only large financial agents. First of all, it is necessary not only to reform the structure, change the charter, but also to subordinate the UN to the IMF, and the IB to subordinate the IMF.
As in every country there is a financial structure (the US Federal Reserve, the State Bank of China, the Federal Bank of Russia, etc.), which, together with the relevant state administrative bodies of the country, regulates the country’s financial and economic system / is a private structure only in the US, which is unacceptable /, and the IB should be controlled by an independent international organization, and not
The US government as now / if the director of the IB is appointed by the president of the United States, then what kind of international organization /, i.e. it is necessary at least after the submission by the President of the United States, the director and principal deputies to be approved at the IMF meeting by all members, and the director and deputies of the IMF to the UN. And thus, these organizations must become from the financial leverage of the United States to respect their interests in the levers of the world community.
Therefore, first of all, it is necessary not only to change the charter,
but also to subordinate the IMF, and the IB – to the IMF. Management of the IB should be carried out not on a commercial basis / loans at high interest rates and in the shortest possible time /, but on an equity basis: obtaining the lowest possible profit / no more than 2% / in proportion to the invested funds and thus the% of the loan provided by the IB through the IMF should not exceed four%.
In practice, the% loan from the IB was over 12%, which practically took away all the profits from the real sector of the economy, and which (the real sector) was forced to get 5-6% of profit, mercilessly exploit hired labor, natural resources and technology, as well as save on environmental costs. This was the essence of the activities of the IMF and the MFES for at least the last 60 to 80 years.
The IMF should be directly subordinate to the UN and be formed on a representative basis of one vote each from the country of the IB shareholder. All decisions are made by an overwhelming majority / 70-80% of votes / or unanimously and binding for all.
The following changes in the activities of the MFES to the author seem relevant and urgently needed:
but/. introduction of economic agents / IF, enterprises of the real economy, intermediary enterprises / three compulsory funds, calculated as a percentage of net / without taxes and deductions / profits in the minimum mode:
– innovation fund / production development fund /,
– environmental fund,
– social fund for unemployment.
Financial resources from these funds should be accumulated on special accounts in banks and can only be used for their intended purpose or on deposits.
– the introduction of a body controlling the bottom of each legal entity: the enterprise council — to participate in the management decisions of a particular enterprise in which they work,
– these functions can be assigned to trade unions, if their powers are increased: to participate in the management of the joint-stock company, in the selection of managers, approval of financial and economic projects, etc.,
– IMF management of non-commercial loans and projects and assistance for economic need, not ideology,
– management of major commercial projects at minimum interest rates agreed with the IB,
– management of commercial projects with a loan percentage above 3 with the permission of the UN.
4. The main task of the MFES at this stage / at the beginning of the 21st century /
To determine the main task, let us consider one of the examples of the work of the global financial and economic system. In Ethiopia, when political forces oriented toward the West came to power in the late 1980s, coffee production was increased.
As a result of 20 years of activity of Western firms under the leadership of the IMF, it turned out that women who work on plantations under the bright Ethiopian sun and on their land, but stuck by Western henchmen, receive no more than $ 100 a year, and some dealer in the West, reselling this coffee has millions in the form of profits on speculation.
Where should he get the profit? He will not be able to eat it for a year, he already has cars, apartments, a house, and even a villa and a plane with a yacht. One option remains: to invest in banks or investment funds. This creates a discrepancy between the distribution of profits: consumption does not grow, which means that production does not grow, which means that the demand for credit / investment / does not grow, but on the other hand, the supply of loans has been growing all the time and all over the world.
Hence, for the best work of the MFES, the need arises for the redistribution of profits in favor of consumption: to increase the salary of hired workers and not only in Ethiopia, to increase the profits of intermediary small firms to improve business. And for this we need to raise the minimum wage in the third world countries and not only in them.
It is also necessary to introduce progressive taxes on the income of stockbrokers (speculators) and environmental taxes on dangerous transportation and transportation: oil and oil products, gas, minerals and other dangerous goods are especially important. It is also necessary to introduce insurance of environmentally hazardous goods.
Or another example. Everyone knows about the doping prices for goods from China. And the “experts” of Western countries cannot think of anything cleverer how to make high import duties, thereby violating their own requirement to limit duties to 15%. And what happens here?
For example, the cost of sneakers in China is about $ 2, the state adds another $ 2 in taxes, and they are sold to the final consumer at $ 20-100, i.e. all profits go to dealers.
But it is necessary to force China to make a minimum wage at the European level, then most of the profit will go to the consumer, who can already buy more goods, which means that production needs to take more loans.
It is also necessary to increase profits for local business so that it takes less loans, and more has its own funds for investment.
The neo-colonial policies of the West and, above all, the United States, or rather their rich centers, have long ago not only become obsolete, but also exhausted, and in order to preserve their capital, they need to understand this and drastically change their financial and economic policies in relation to other countries and to firms.
3. The main drawback of the modern MFES and the way to eliminate it.
1. Modern global market capitalist FES – brake NTR.
So! The result of the functioning of more than 300 years of a market system based on private ownership of capital was two world wars, hundreds of local wars and conflicts, 20% of the hungry on Earth / about 1 billion. people / but the most terrible is a complete disruption of the ecological balance in nature, almost total pollution of water, land and atmosphere, the disappearance of thousands of species of flora and fauna, the catastrophic disappearance of forests (over 50%), which threatens the disappearance of oxygen on Earth, the growth of deserts and unwillingness to spend money on preventing this and the appearance of the first significant signs of global climate change on Earth: the melting of polar ice and mountain glaciers, the increase in catastrophic climatic disasters.
And although scientists warned about this 30-40 years ago, and Belyaev’s science fiction almost 100 years ago, moreover, scientists, inventors and engineers invented and made almost all the necessary technologies and cleaning equipment during this time, but, as they say, and now almost there. Practically, the first modest international Kyoto agreement was not fully implemented and failed, and the main poisoners are the atmosphere of the USA and China (60% of emissions), and did not start deeper purification of flue and carbon monoxide gases ..
But, an even greater disadvantage of the modern global financial and economic system (MFES) is that from the very beginning of its existence it has been unable to introduce new technologies, energy and information, especially requiring investments for a period of more than 5 years.
But here the reader may object, but then who has made such a giant leap in scientific and technological revolution, biology, space and genetics over the past hundred years? Is it not existed FES? No, not FES, but enthusiasts or the thirst for profit and killing people.
Danilo-Dobrovolsky, the inventor of the AC motor! For 5 years, he and his invention were kept secret in Germany and Russia, until Nikola Tesla went from Europe / Serbia / to the USA, showed and made to Edison an electric power station of direct current and, although it did not pay the stipulated money, he borrowed money from a friend and launched into the series a complete set of equipment for generating alternating current / generator, transformer, power line and most importantly an AC motor / that made a technical revolution in the first oh half of the 20th century. But the large American capital rejected him and then he went to France and launched everything there in a series.
Here the race began, because the rulers realized that, thanks to the AC motor, you can make ANY POWER OF THE MACHINE, and therefore any weapon, and in large quantities, and big capital, you can earn huge profits at the expense of the state, ie . people. And 15 years after the serial introduction of an AC motor, World War I broke out.
Thus, the then existing capitalist system, if it introduced outstanding (large-scale investment technologies), then only when they were used for arming and instantly tremendous enrichment of large capital.
The inventor of the computer is American / Bulgarian by birth / John Pineapple has been publishing articles for over 20 years, lecturing on this topic, asking for money, but no one has given him money: neither the state nor large business. And only when the first locators appeared, the need arose to process a lot of information, the military-industrial complex began to develop the first computers, but only “the father of cybernetics” Wiener “forgot” to include Atanasoff in the inventors.
And so you can continue indefinitely. Everything was introduced with the help of enthusiasts of inventors, who then, as a rule, did not pay royalties, especially the state. If this invention was applicable for military purposes, and private, even large, capital, only then invested when the invention yielded income during the coming year, and this was usually in the military industry.
And now, at the beginning of the 21st century, hundreds of energy-saving environmentally friendly technologies have been developed, whose products make a profit in just 2-3 years, these technologies pay off in 20-30 years, but serve more than 50-100 or even more years. But investments in them are very large, billions, and therefore the production of such goods, also very capital-intensive, can begin not earlier than in 5-10, or even 20 years, and FES does not perceive them, because current investors want right there, in a month, maximum a year, have a profit and dividends, and, preferably, the highest in the world.
Thus, the current capitalist GPES is not susceptible to either economic, or even technical, progress, and its three major world economic crises in less than 100 years / 30s, 70s of the last century and the current / speak for themselves.
For more than 20 years, alternative, ecologically 100% clean, various sources of energy, raw materials and materials have been developed by engineers and enthusiasts, and FES is sleeping. Enthusiastic enthusiasts have already done so much on their scanty means that they have enough to implement for a thousand years.
They have already made not only windmills, houses and cars, but also airplanes, on alternative energy sources. They build houses, roads, constructions from alternative / without polymers and wood /, ecologically clean and absolutely safe materials made of stone / wallpaper, furniture, building structures /, sand and clay, which are a million times larger on Earth than hydrocarbons (11 ), or rather the Earth is 95% of them.
Meanwhile, the rulers of all countries of the world spend trillions of dollars on weapons to kill people and loot hydrocarbons. The lion’s share of these funds / 1 trillion. d. / the USA for hundreds / about 800 / military bases in all corners of the Earth, on constant wars, first with the Communists and socialists of the Almenda type, who nationalized Chile’s copper mines and took huge profits and power from American corporations, and then with terrorists and under this screen to control local wealth. They spend on armaments that develop up to 100 species in 3-5 years / from ballistic missiles and the latest military aircraft to shells and bullets better and more likely to kill a person /, when for the same money, during the same time, it is possible to invent as many types of environmentally friendly clean products and build factories for their mass or mass production. Is this not the stupidity and insanity of the world economic system?
For this money (700 billion) you can build:
– 500 thousand wind turbines with a total capacity of 50 million kW.,
– 500 nuclear reactors with a capacity of 1 million each. kW, i.e. as much as nuclear power plants installed around the world are now,
– 200 million square meters of flint solar converters with a total capacity of at least 50 million kW, which can replace 10% of hydrocarbons, i.e. in 10 years you can completely replace them,
– from 200 to 1000 desalination stations, which will produce up to 5 million cubic meters of water per day, which provides up to 50 million people with water.
Thus, if all the countries of the world would reduce their military spending by a third and direct these 500 billion dollars to the development of deserts, then in just 20-30 years most deserts could be turned into parks and gardens and provided with work, water and food around 500 million people or radically improve the life of the current 1 billion people.
But the current MFES inventors do not see, enthusiasts are not listening. As the worm does not see and does not hear the nightingale, when it sings in the morning, rejoicing at the coming day and life, so the financial magnates and the MFES do not see the peaceful and effective progress of science and technology for the benefit of man.
Transnational companies, financial tycoons and rich family clans, like dinosaurs in the past, more and more cut their greens, both literally and figuratively, i.e. shake all the profits to themselves and at the same time destroy forests, turning the greens of the forests into greens of dollar bills and growing like dinosaurs, more and more, thinking that this will save them from the predators of dinosaurs, but they don’t understand what Earth will have an extraordinary moment, i.e. crisis, financial and environmental, when this greenness does not become and they die.
But we, “gray mice”, “shrews”, etc., should not allow this, because together with them we can die, because the second time nature may not give us a chance to survive, as it was 60 million . years ago.
And it should be noted that at the present time, when inventors and enthusiasts finally bring their offspring to practical use in mass production and they begin to make a profit, at this time the capital does not want to pay them.
Not only John Atanasov, 38 years old, argued that he was the inventor of the computer, and when he proved, he soon died, but now his heirs are not willing to pay, but many others.
The inventor of digital technology / from the former USSR / died without waiting for a% of the fee, and his family is still in poverty, but not a single company in the world producing its invention with millions of pieces and receiving billions of profits, first of all, Sony, which directly took over his idea of the invention, can not list even a couple of hundred thousand yen to the heirs, etc., etc. This FES cannot be considered normal.
More terrible is the fact that there are more than 30 years of technology and invention in the world, including and the author, not only fully compensating for the current anthropogenic impact on global climate change / GIK /, but also completely replacing the hydrocarbon electric power industry / EEE / green clean solar power industry / EEA /, including silicon electric power / CEE /.
2. How to save the remaining forests from cutting.
As we see, the problem of the MFES lies not only in the fact that it came to its blockage and inability to work normally, it is not only incapable of introducing revolutionary technologies, but the most important thing is that the current MFES leads by entities to the economic dead end and to the global negative climate change on Earth and in general to the death of the whole ecumene, to the death of just do life on Earth.
Moreover, as we have previously noted and considered, the main culprit for the MEC is not only technical emissions of carbon dioxide / CO2 /, but deforestation and desert growth, since over the past 100 years carbon dioxide CO2 in the atmosphere has increased due to emissions of flue gases by 10 -13%, and due to deforestation, i.e. due to unprocessed volumes of carbon dioxide, felled forests are also not less than 13%, and in general – by 25-30%, i.e. carbon dioxide has increased over the last 100 years by about a third and mainly due to deforestation, as was shown in the calculations of the previous chapter.
Particularly catastrophic at this stage is the widespread global disappearance of the last remaining forests and it is already unknown: these processes are reversible or not: whether humanity can save the forests, which means life on Earth or not. But the current MFES is not only incapable of economically expedient forest use, but is also clearly aimed at the complete destruction of forests.
This is especially evident from the disappearance of the forests of Madagascar, Indonesia,
Amazonia and Congo / Zaire and the CRA /. Madagascar has already begun the irreversible process of extinction of the tropical belt of forests, the rest, especially in Indonesia, where forests are limited by the size of the islands, has come a critical moment. By the beginning of the 1930s, it will most likely become irreversible there, if radical measures on the ecological use of forests are not taken until 2020.
Now, not only elementary environmental standards are not observed, but international procurement, woodworking and papermaking companies do everything to cut down forests: bribe local officials, encourage uncontrolled deforestation, make coups and even kill people – just to pick up wood cheaply, without planting a single tree. At the same time, the international commodity and raw materials exchanges, which are the main forest traders, but do not pay any environmental taxes or even income taxes, operate completely uncontrolledly and in isolation from the real economy.
And all this is happening because there is no social and state regulation of the MFES, which currently has only one stupid law for obtaining maximum profit, and natural resources are at the disposal of local officials. It is necessary to introduce international standards for forest management and to monitor international use of them with the help of an international organization under the auspices of, and even better submission to, the UN. The same regulation applies to environmental standards in general: on the use of drinking water, mineral, construction, sea and river resources, arable and industrial land.
But here we want to stay on the technical and economic side
affairs The current environmental standards and economic rules have led to the cheapness of forest resources and hydrocarbon raw materials and the impossibility, from an economic point of view, of replacing them with others, above all, with foam stones.
By creating strict international environmental standards, the value of forest resources will increase by an order of magnitude. But in addition, stone-foam furniture in addition serves an order of magnitude longer than is currently assumed according to wooden standards, / 3-5 years / and then, using new materials, the furniture will be cheaper, for a lifetime, tens or even hundreds of times than wood, or plastic When the price of wood increases tenfold, then the furniture will be made so that it serves 10 times longer, the wallpaper must be replaced with foam-stone, which can serve hundreds or even a thousand years. Wooden scaffolds will be replaced with metal ones, first of all with aluminum ones, containers and packaging can be replaced with foam-stone with a service life also ten times long
So, let us repeat what the main new international principles of forest management should be: forests belong to national states, but they are used according to international environmental standards, as many trees are cut down and planted or even better on the contrary – how many trees are planted, so much you have the right to cut down, and not necessarily the same country. Or – paid an environmental tax in the amount of costs for artificial cultivation of such forests until ripe age, i.e. This tax will be dozens of times more than the largest tax on natural resources is being paid, and this tax should be focused on renewing forest resources.
All oil-producing, gas-producing and processing, and maybe even transport and selling, firms must pay an environmental tax not only on compensation for harmful environmental effects, but in deserts – on planting forests and parks to compensate for harmful emissions of gases from burning their products and destroying oxygen in the amount of the cost of forests compensating for oxygen burned while consuming their products. And then in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan hundreds of gas flames of waste have been burning for decades, destroying the atmosphere of the whole Earth, and not just their countries, but no company planted a single tree, even in the desert, to compensate for the burned oxygen. In these cases there should be an international environmental tax.
In 1999, the vessel “Ericka” hired by the company “Total” poured about 65 thousand tons of oil products from the Atlantic coast of Europe during flooding and caused environmental damage of at least 1 billion. euro, and the company “Total” paid a fine of about 150 thousand euros, which is a mockery of common sense and shame for the modern Western economy, law and the judicial system and shows their complete failure to work in modern requirements.
It would be necessary to fine all firms involved in this carriage, and there were about 15 of them, and none of them considered themselves guilty, including government organizations that signed and stamped and allowed it. It was necessary to penalize tens of millions each organization involved in the transportation, and the governments of these states – on hundreds of millions each.
At the same time, all THESE funds should be DIRECTED to target accounts for the elimination of ENTIRE ECOLOGICAL damage, and not to the common boiler, i.e. on the use of the same bureaucrats.
Every year, accidents occur in gas pipelines of all countries and firms, as a result of which gas burns for at least 2 hours, and sometimes there are months burning oxygen, but no company compensates for environmental damage, i.e. burnt oxygen and the required number of plantings of green space. As a last resort, as a result of all this, if it is compensated, then only economic damage.
This should be an international rule that, in any catastrophe, should compensate for the international environmental damage, primarily inflicted on the atmosphere, the waters of the seas and oceans, because the atmosphere, the seas and oceans are not a draw, but our common and most important resources. This is what should be in case of violation of environmental standards during operation.
Thus, the need for the beginning of the 21st century to create international environmental standards and the creation of a rigid mechanism for their compliance is not only overdue, but already overdue.
At the exit from the crisis now, at this stage of development of our civilization, it is not the quantitative indicators that are important. how national income and production grows separately in each country, especially in a company, especially as a loss is caused by a crisis (this is in the interests of America’s financial tycoons only), and a qualitative approach: do we replace old, environmentally disgusting technologies with new ones, environmentally friendly. Here, when introducing environmental technologies, the growth volumes are limitless: we need trillions, trillions and trillions of funds for a thousand years to introduce them, especially since otherwise we cannot see any luck, i.e. life can not see, especially our descendants. What would replace the disgusting technologies of the 20th century, which were aimed only at military purposes and receiving financial oligarchs and tycoons and their henchmen profits: internal combustion engines for tanks and airplanes, electrical engineering of alternating current for their creation and nuclear weapons for the complete destruction of humanity for the ghostly profit mutants of the 20th century, centuries are needed. Yes, profits are needed, but as an indicator, as clean water, as air, but not as a goal and a way of exploiting all of humanity and destroying the unique nature of the Earth, it may be the only one in our Galaxy.
AND FOR THIS, ECOLOGICAL TAXES HAVE TO BE INTRODUCED EVERYTHING SHOULD BE INCREASED AND ACHIEVED IN 10-15 YEARS OF SUCH SIZE TO BECOME A CERTAIN VEHICLE RELEASING THE CURRENT ICE.
By creating such environmental, and therefore economic conditions for the functioning of hydrocarbons, including and the forest industry, economic conditions will be created for the use of more expensive, but environmentally clean stone industry and their replacement of the current, leading to the death of the earthly nature, and therefore ourselves.
If stone wallpaper is three times more expensive than paper and 10 times more expensive than polymeric, like all other goods made of stone, but when used, they are environmentally clean and can last ten times longer. If composite foam-stone furniture is 3 times more expensive than wooden and 10 times more expensive than polymeric, but it is ecologically clean, and can serve tens or even hundreds, times longer, etc. and the like. The most important thing is that at the same time the nature of the Earth is preserved, it radically improves in the mountains and deserts and expands the area of human settlement.
After all. if all the countries of northern Africa, and better all the countries of the world that have deserts, united, the current deserts in just 30-40 years only by reducing military spending and ECONOMIC TAXES through the integrated development of mountains and deserts could be turned into flowering gardens and parks and in them to settle even the same population that now lives in the whole earth. At the same time preserving the nature of the rest of the Earth. This is where the funds should go, and not to the profit indicators of firms and countries, while such production will also be profitable from a formal point of view.
Nature has created a backup for us to save, i.e. deserts and mountains, and whether we can use it or die it is already our business. Consequently, now, in the 21st century, gold and money is not in itself gold, but the “golden” sands of deserts and stones of the mountains.
Thus, even if it is ideal to deeply modernize the US Federal Reserve, and with it the national banks in most of the leading countries of the world, the MESF will not be able to go on to new environmental and social norms, as well as prevent a new, and even more profound system crisis.
The problem of overcoming the crisis is not so much to improve the economic growth rates, but to reorient the economy to other industries. But even the primitive indicators of the functioning of the MFES cannot be changed without the following.
4. Ways of normal functioning of the world FES in the context of modern globalization.
1. Ways of reforming the world FES
So, we can determine that the main antagonistic contradiction, that is, a contradiction consisting of oppositely directed interests, is a contradiction between the public, and in its performing form between the collective, the nature of labor and production, and the private form of appropriation of the products of labor and production, including financial products of labor (7).
Outward of the economic process, this economic phenomenon emerges as a contradiction between the appropriation of most of the world profits by a handful of financial sharks, i.e. large international firms, banking and investment institutions, and a lack of consumption in most countries, firms and the majority of the people of any country.
The centralization of most of the free capital in narrow hands exaggerates the oversupply of free capital / credit funds / over demand in it, which already emerges from the economic process as the main social contradiction of globalization: i.e. the contradiction between the increasing poverty of some and the increasing wealth of others.
Poverty of wide sections of the population, especially countries without rich financial centers, does not stimulate the demand for various goods, services and finances, which limits the supply, i.e. their production, and this in turn does not allow production to expand, i.e. expanded reproduction of goods, services and finances, i.e. interferes with the expanded reproduction of the entire economic system, and hence the credit of goods and finance.
Excess of finances in one hands / with large firms and clans, especially the US family clans (with global distribution of income, profits and dividends) comes into conflict with the lack of means of subsistence in wide sections of the population of all countries of the rest of the world, which leads to a large gap between the DEMAND (demand for personal use goods and demand for manufactured goods for the real sector of the economy) and an OFFER (financial loan capital), which means that such MFES leads to abnormal / not residual / reproduction as this population and not to the normal reproduction of the employed labor force as a second factor of production.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem thoroughly and to save the MFES from deep crises, it is necessary to redistribute the MFES world profits in favor of the general population, i.e. to increase the wages of employees and the income of small businesses, especially in developing countries, i.e. to compare them with the level of Western countries.
Will financial magnates, primarily the US, voluntarily agree to this? Unlikely. Now, 4-5 US family clans control 80% of US capital and 50% of global capital. And all of them are few. And in order to continue to control global capital, instead of building new enterprises in developing countries and increasing the income of broad sections of the population, they, the US ruling circles, are increasing military spending at the expense of additional profits, as this is the easiest way to get super profits. in the country, as well as it is a forceful way to rob and assign profits in other countries through the now existing GFES.
From here, we can assume two ways of development / the third, the worst, which is described by science fiction writer Belyaev a hundred years ago, we do not even consider /: medium and good. The middle one, too bad, is most likely.
For a long time, the US government, under the influence of financial tycoons from the Belvedere Club, will not go to a fundamental reformation of the MFEC: nationalization of the US Federal Financial Reserve System (FRS) and controlling dollar emissions and limiting% for a loan from the US FRS to 2%, partial / adequate / covering the dollar with gold and other precious metals and transferring the World Bank and the IMF to world institutions for the benefit and in the interests of all countries of the world. Therefore, the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008 will actually last for 20-25 years, then a very slow recovery will begin, especially in Western countries, which will last for about 10 years, and then again stagnation, recession and the final decline in a long, several For decades, the IPE is a crisis in which China, as well as other countries of the rest of the world, will finally fall.
Only after this, cardinal reforms of the economic system will be carried out in the USA, and after them in the whole MFES, but it will be too late. Most of the population in the US will be so impoverished that radical political reforms will be made: the dissolution of the Belvedere Club, the nationalization of the US Federal Reserve Service, the nationalization of all major banks, the dissolution of the IF, the emergence of left parties in the US parliament.
But time and money will be lost, world resources will be squandered on senseless military equipment, on ugly cities, perverted services and carbohydrates burned in hydrocarbon furnaces. The world community will approach the full resource and environmental crisis, as a result of which all countries, nations and companies will become poorer, including the US family clans, because of the greed of which all this will happen.
By the middle of the 21st century, forests will surely be cut down to such an extent that any wood will become precious and will not only be able to satisfy world needs, but also the need for purifying the atmosphere, oceans, seas and rivers are dirtied, the cost of oil will reach $ 200 per barrel, and gasoline $ 5 per liter, cars on the roads will be small, but the air will still be difficult to breathe, even in those recently wild forests and places that have bought American and other rich. Alternative energy, including nuclear, will be about 1/3 of the whole, but oil will not be enough and production will begin to fall on a planetary scale.
There will be no means for a normal transition to CEE with a complex development of deserts, especially mountains. And according to this, in the production of pure silicon, the desert instead of a garden and a park will turn into a landscape worse than the lunar one: deep and long quarries will be replaced by ugly waste heaps, dumps from stones and rubbish from shrubs, wastes, etc. etc..
After that, mankind will have to suffer for more than one hundred years to get out of this crisis, the population of the globe in 60-100 years will fall 1.5-2 times, 80% of which will live a long time on the verge of poverty.
And now we will consider a good, I can even say almost ideal variant, which is not only really possible, but also necessary if we want to develop normally in the future, and for this most of the population of any country, of any nationality, of any position, we must understand that the era has come globalization, and it provides first and foremost respect for the interests of all people, and not the private interests of each individual.
Of course, in the present conditions, the end of the first decade of the 21st century, and in the context of the IFEC, the best option would be for the dollar to become a truly global currency. But the current owners of the dollar, the richest US clans, united into a private, hidden from the public club, will never agree to this, as they now use the dollar and the US state for their own personal and selfish purposes, and with the use of military violence against undesirable countries, people and over the whole nature of the Earth as a whole, with the aim of taking away most of not only the profits from all the people of the Earth, and even underpaid wages, especially in developing countries.
Moreover, in addition to bribing local officials, carrying out arrogant velvet revolutions with the goal of setting their puppet heads at the head of state, and even killing undesirable people not only abroad, but also in their own country, they also use purely economic, relatively honest ways of capturing natural riches. of various countries in every corner of the globe: buying up land with wildlife under the guise of protecting it, as the owner of “Netneton” and Tom Keynes did, buying almost a million hectares of land not only in the desert regions of Argentina’s Patogonia from 10 million wild lands about and protected areas, including the largest freshwater lake / and the land around it / in the Western Hemisphere. Before that, the Argentinean lands were bought by the Americans Kissinger and the Rockefellers, they captured controlling stakes in natural resources firms, controlled prices in order to ruin competitors, etc. etc., and then they acted with direct military intervention, as was the case in Mexico in 1919 with the overthrow of the government they disliked, which wanted to distribute part of the land to the peasants, in Guatemala in 1954, with the armed overthrow of the legitimate government of Arbeni, which wanted to nationalize banana plantations, owned mainly by American firms, in Chile – in 1972 -74, in Argentina, in the 1990s, and in Iraq – in the beginning of the 21st century, and in many other countries where there was no direct military, but arrogantly political, Interventions: in Indonesia 60s, the Philippines 70, in Ethiopia – 80-x, Somalia – 90-x, etc.
2. Creating a new world currency based on CEE is an ideal option for a well functioning MFES.
Therefore, the ideal option is the creation of a new world currency, which the Governments of Russia and China have already proposed, which have suffered the most and innocently from the global crisis: China from reducing consumption in the world, and Russia from bankrupt Western banks, in which almost all state finances were invested, derived from high hydrocarbon prices and, above all, oil, gas and forest, and being the main competitors of the United States in the global market system.
If they unite (and with the current US policy) this is the only way for them to survive /, they will be able to succeed in this, since in these two countries one third of the human, natural and gold resources of the world, and in China in addition one third of the mountainous and one tenth deserts and a lot of sand, which in the 22nd century should become the main “gold” of the world. But how to create a new world currency, they do not know how. And on this they are given about 20 years.
With the beginning of the 30s, a global world crisis will come in all areas, but especially in the energy sector and the global economy can only be saved by the transition to CEE.
Thus, only the transition to CEE will provide an opportunity to create a global currency unit, based on not only and not so much precious metals, and most importantly – pure semiconductor silicon.
Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, one kilogram of semiconductor silicon costs about $ 600, i.e. about as silver. Having established mass production of silicon on a global scale, the price of silicon will decrease not less than 2 times, i.e. will be about half the price of silver or 100 times cheaper than gold and platinum. In addition, in the 22nd century, the role of silicon and diamonds will increase in space technology for the development of other planets: these are the photovoltaic stations of the lunar and Martian bases, widespread use in space engines, and more specifically in space planes.
In the next thousand years, the role of silicon in civilization will increase all the time, and since its production is quite expensive / energy-intensive /, silicon can become the main currency of the world.
If by the beginning of the 30s of the 21st century, mass production of semiconductor silicon begins with the integrated development of deserts and mountains, then the price of 1 gram of silicon can become a unit of world currency, and such currency can be called “silicon”, i.e. the cost of producing a unit of weight of semiconductor silicon or in the current currency alone of silicon will be commensurate with the dollar / now 1 gram of silicon costs about $ 0.6 /. When mass production of silicon is established, this course will decrease no less than by half, i.e. will be two times less than the cost of silver, and stabilizes at about this level: the cost of one silicone will be equal to about a hundredth of the cost of 1 gram of gold. One hundredth part of siliciums can be called siliconicum and issued in the form of coins and it will contain about a thousandth of the price of 1gr. gold The cost of sand going to produce silicon / enriched, that is, will rise sharply. washed and calcined in a special oven, red sand, will cost a tenth of the current cost of silicon, i.e. 50-100 dollars. per kg and enriched sand will become “golden” sand in the literal and figurative sense.
And how many grams of pure silicon will be released by any country, so many paper or electronic world orders And how much salary is given, so much should be given paper or electronic money for personal use, how many goods / products are produced and sold, and so much should non-cash bank money be. And
then inflation, sharp rates of falling currencies, etc. just will not be possible.
Now it looks almost fiction, but if our civilization cannot soon start mass production of silicon and integrated development of mountains and deserts, and introduce real world money, without exploiting, appropriating most of the profits for individual groups, then not only MFES , but the whole of civilization faces death.
The issuance of such world money without flint content should be prohibited. If there is not enough or a lot of money in a bank, a country or globally, this suggests that / if the new conditions for the functioning of the MFES proposed by the author are fulfilled /:
a) if the country’s banking system does not have enough money for:
– crediting, it means that investments in the real economy are too large, do not correspond to the real demand from the population and economic agents. And after that, it is not necessary to borrow loans from international financial institutions in order to satisfy the excessive demand for loans, while the real economy is undervalued to realize them and thereby raise the discount rate in international banks and financial institutions / refinancing rate in state banks of the country /,
– turnover / cash and non-cash /, this means that wages and profits grow at a rate faster than labor productivity and need to reduce the cost of pricing products: raw materials, energy, mass goods of personal and industrial consumption. After that, it is not necessary to borrow money to meet such distorted demand / or to carry out
best-selling bare emms /, and it is necessary to develop and implement measures to increase labor productivity, reduce costs and save raw materials and energy, and other economic and administrative measures.
b) if there is an excess of money in the banking system for:
– loans, it means that the refinancing rates and interest rates in the country are too high and they should be lowered,
– turnover, this means that the wages and profits of small economic agents are understated and they need to be raised, first of all with the help of taxes, and directly, primarily with reference to budgetary organizations.
Thus, we see that the method of regulating macro-processes, only at the expense of credit interest, not only has its limitations, but is not always correct and adequate to the economic process itself, and it is necessary to take legislative measures / best of all beforehand adopted / legal and administrative measures and regulation.
And all these problems must be solved in a practical economy, and not at the expense of only the emission of currency and discount rates and interest on a loan.
Consequently, the ideal option can be considered as such that by the 20s the world community will adopt basic environmental standards, subordinate the IB and the IMF to Ozone, develop and pool funds for CEE within the Sahara countries, and even better within the UN for the development of all the world’s empty and by the beginning of the 30s, it will begin mass production of semiconductor silicon and mass introduction of CEE with the integrated development of deserts and the parallel introduction of the world currency in the form of silicon chips.
Then silver will cost about 2 siliciums, gold – more than 100, and so a truly world and true currency will arise.
And the Belvedere (Bendarvel) club of the richest and most greedy US clans should be debunked and then closed as mafia / uncontrollable by law / and disbanded forever, since it rules the MESF only in its narrow interests against the interests of all mankind.
Summarizing, we can say that the modern MFES is mafia, i.e. It is governed by it outside the official laws, and in order to overhaul it, it is necessary to get rid of the mafia, i.e. Belvedere Club.
It is necessary that all current world organizations voluntarily be part of the UN and managed by it, the ways of creating the UN Government, the main activity in which will be the implementation and management of the EEF process and the transition, at the same time, to the world currency from silicone.
3. World money – as a sensor of the functioning of the MFES in a true and fair globalization.
As you know, money carries its objective economic properties:
– instrument of payment,
– the form of the price of the goods, (see 4)
– objective equivalent carrier in the exchange of goods,
– a way of accumulating wealth.
Only such objective properties and functions can have real money. But the dollar, as the world currency, the ruling classes of the United States used in international relations, especially in the second half of the 20th century, mainly to seize most of the global profits from economic activities in favor of the United States and, above all, for the benefit of its financial tycoons, mainly for the benefit of private founders of the US Federal Financial Reserve, i.e. used the dollar as a way of exploiting wage labor and taking profits from smaller capital in all countries of the world where this money was functioning.
This was primarily due to high interest rates / up to 6.5% / of loans issued by the US Federal Reserve Service, the uncontrolled emission of the dollar and the special speculation of the Federal Reserve and its associated banks, payment of dollar transfers and
transfers, etc. All this gave the US fictitious capital up to 20% of
Gross national income (GNI), and even more in times of crisis.
Then, through state and commercial banks, finance / fictitious capital / were transferred through a loan to the real sectors of the economy at 14-15% per annum, which took virtually all world profits in the United States.
A similar financial policy was in the IMF and the IB, which was carried out in the interests of American firms and the American state, most often political.
But, if world money and world financial institutions act independently of political systems and the interests of only individual countries, they will clearly perform the above functions and will be sensors of the status of the MFES.
If all issued paper and non-cash money will be provided with real money, i.e. precious metals and stones, primarily the massive release of semiconductor silicon, the sharp depreciation of world money / silicon / will not occur
And they will be the real measurers of the cost of producing any commodity and the objective essence of this commodity; both speculative capital and the profit it receives will decrease.
The crisis was largely due to the fact that the speculative capital and the profits it received were uncontrolled and, above all, the rise in oil prices did not correspond to the increase in production costs and the price was completely divorced from environmental expenditures, i.e. they were not as such with a huge increase in prices and profits from the sale of oil and oil products.
The price objectively rises, if costs per unit of goods or per unit of use value increase *. With an improvement in the quality of a commodity, the price of a unit of use value should decrease when the balance between supply and demand is reached.
This can be mathematically expressed (see 4):
Tsn = Ca + (Ca x Mon / Pa – Ca), where:
TSN – the price of a new better product,
Tsa – the price of analogue / well-known most popular product with known consumer properties /,
Mon – utility / combination of consumer properties / new better product,
Pa – the utility of analog.
Ken – the coefficient of redistribution of economic effect / income / from the consumption of a new higher quality product.
In a normal economic process, this income should be approximately equally distributed between the three participants in this economic process: the producer, the investor, and the consumer. To the producer – to compensate his additional expenses and at the same time receive increased profits due to these additional costs, to the investor – to compensate his additional risks from investing capital and obtaining higher profits, and to the consumer – to increase efficiency / income / from the consumption of this new product.
The producer, in turn, distributes net profit (after deducting increased taxes and other mandatory payments to budgets / for dividends to domestic investors: individuals and economic agents, bonuses to managers and wage labor / inventors, engineers, and to wages to hired workers from profits /, to expansion production and ecology.
Thus, for the manufacturer, this coefficient / Ke / should be about 0.3, i.e. about a third of the effectiveness of a new product comes in the form of income to the manufacturer, and for the consumer and the seller – about 0.7, i.e. the whole chain from producer to consumer.
product, including the investor, can assign, whatever the normal flow of the economic process, only a third of the income from the new product. If such a distribution is violated, then the normal economic process of production and reproduction of it, and therefore the entire FES, is also violated.
Such world money, which reflects the true price of goods, will / should be / and equivalent in the exchange of goods and services.
This is especially important for services, namely for the correct payment of services of wage labor. The latter was not particularly respected and not observed in the MFES, which was one of the important reasons for the GMFEK offensive. What is meant.
Not only an intermediary on the international commodity exchange
/ TSB / should receive income / income / from the sale of coffee, but also coffee pickers in Ethiopia should not only receive an equivalent remuneration for their labor services, but also receive their share of the profits, in the same approximate proportion / rate of return / that and capital in the real sector of the economy of this industry.
Coffee collectors, and especially gardeners of coffee, not only need to bring the salary in line, at least with the minimum wages of developed countries where they drink coffee, i.e. to increase the salary by 5-8 times, but also to give out a bonus from the profit of the agricultural enterprise in proportion to the amount of salary received at the rate of% issued by this enterprise / JSC / dividend, i.e. it is necessary to introduce an international standard for the issuance of dividends / bonuses / and hired labor.
Then the consumption of goods in these countries will increase, which means the production of various goods and the demand for credit for its implementation.
Now in practice it turns out that everyone, including the dealer / intermediary /, makes a profit not only on his capital, but also on his work, and the dealer – with a rate of up to 1000% per year, and one of the factors of production This coffee / work / does not have a couple of percent for the same year for investing its “capital”, i.e. labor. And all this underestimates, and even stops the expanded reproduction of labor, i.e. labor that can not be called a normal economic process.
Finally, world money can be considered as such, if they perform one of the most important functions, namely, the accumulation of wealth, and
this can happen if world money, silicements / and their hundredth part, i.e. silicon / can be changed at any time, not only for a certain amount of pure, semiconductor silicon, but also for precious metals and stones.
Then the world money itself will not depreciate, but their
the dimensionality will depend on the amount of expenses for the production of one gram / kg / of semiconductor silicon, and they will always be kept in banks or securities.
Invented and imposed on the world in the 60s by the US authorities, or rather
US financial aces, members of the closed Belvedere club, the creators of the US Federal Reserve, without the gold content of the dollar or more precisely, the refusal
exchange dollars for gold and other precious metals and stones is an economic banditry and was aimed at exploiting the world with the help of the dollar. Without the gold content of the dollar and its uncontrolled emission is the third most important cause of the onset of the GPA crisis and its repeatability in the future.
But now back to the myth that environmental costs lead necessarily to inflation. Environmental costs are not accompanied directly by the production of goods for consumption, nature itself consumes, and ultimately goes to pay, i.e. go mainly to the expanded reproduction of labor, which means that not only increases the number of jobs, which reduces unemployment, but also increases the demand, mainly for consumer goods, and therefore increases the demand for consumer goods and with it – production growth and the need for an extended production credit.
Beneficial effect on the whole complex of PE relations. But since over the past ten years environmental expenditures have clearly lagged behind the required expenditures, then in the future they should be observed a very large increase, which will ultimately increase all prices. But here, as they say, better
to change your computer and car less often than to kill nature in such a way that
then you will have to dramatically increase the cost of its salvation and the salvation of their health.
—————————–
* – see 4, chapter1
4. The lack of freedom of movement of labor, small capital and small businesses is a strong brake on the normal functioning of the MFES in the context of modern globalization.
So, we see that the current MFES is completely ugly and is aimed at appropriating most of the world profit / and not only profit, but also labor by releasing the US Federal Reserve money and turnover in the real economy below what is needed for normal activity / from its operation to large American capital, primarily members of the Fed, at the expense of overstated (over 1%) interest rates of the Fed and the over-issue of the dollar and freedom of access of this capital / through large banks / to large / most important / raw materials markets using the dollar and relevant US state policies.
At the same time, there is no freedom of movement of medium and, moreover, small capital from other countries to the West, especially in the USA, there is no access of this capital to world exchanges, and their movement between countries is restricted by national protectionist laws:
– the need to create joint ventures to invest in a foreign country,
– expensive banking licenses,
– high% to obtain loans not only from large commercial banks, but also from the IMF and the World Bank and others.
Therefore, the abolition of the mandatory creation of a joint venture
/ at least with investments up to 1 million dollars / and the creation of international benefits for this capital is an important condition for the globalization of medium and small capital and the normal functioning of the MFES.
Therefore, the abolition of the mandatory creation of a joint venture
/ at least with investments up to 1 million dollars / and the creation of international benefits for this capital is an important condition for the globalization of medium and small capital and the normal functioning of the MFES.
One of the important benefits for small capital and business is to be the complete abolition of duties or preferential import and export duties on equipment for small businesses, especially for the most important sectors of a given country, including farming. So for Moldova it is an agricultural production and the processing of its products, for Russia it is the furniture and fish industry, the agricultural and its processing, the production of components and spare parts and much more, for Ukraine the agricultural production and its processing, for many African countries are water supply, tourism, and also agricultural production, etc.
For freer movement of goods, we have already noted that restrictions on the upper limit of customs duties and their strict observance are needed: 15% are now recommended, but no one, especially the United States, where they reach up to 500%, does not comply with this, but it’s necessary that the import duty was not more than 10%, and higher – with the permission of the WTO.
The current doping prices must be extinguished with the help, as we also noted earlier, of raising the minimum wage in the relevant industry of the importer, i.e. by increasing the minimum wage in the light and electronic industries of China, peasants and sugar industry workers in Cuba and Brazil, cotton farmers in India, workers in coffee plantations in Brazil and Ethiopia, etc., while limiting government subsidies in the United States and other Western countries.
Then, the import duties of developed countries will be less, which means that there will be less money coming to the budgets of these countries and less money for government subsidies to uncompetitive industries and products. But there will be more wages of hired workers in developing countries, more profit from small businesses, and therefore more demand for production and credit.
But the most important thing for improving the functioning of the MFES is a change, and even better removal, of a relapse of the 20th century, i.e. the abolition of restrictions on the movement of labor, as well as people in general, between countries, which resulted from the first and second communist and imperialist expansion and their opposition, manifested in the Cold War. But fascism and Stalinism have long fallen, and restrictions have remained mainly because of the restrictive policies of the West.
After all, before the start of the 1st World War, it was possible to go anywhere with a foreign passport and only the country of departure made any restrictions. Now everything is exactly the opposite.
At the same time, if the visa regime in Europe is aimed at restricting the exit of poor / cheap / labor, especially from Africa, the US visa regime is aimed primarily at protecting the ideology of the existing US regime and is practically no different from the iron curtain of the communist regime under Stalin, i.e. is absolutely ideological, and not an economic factor in restricting the movement of labor and freedom of movement in general.
In order for globalization to be real, free and equal, the free movement of all types of capital (large, medium and small), labor / hired, free and forced /, property / private, collective and public
state / information, especially scientific and technical, legislative, and population / citizens / any country to any country of the world.
This requires administrative / political / measures:
– carrying out measures for the protection and preservation of medium and small banks, firms and economic agents,
– ensuring the free flow of medium and small capital, both within any country and between countries,
– creation of the best conditions and benefits for small and medium businesses;
– full freedom of labor flow over Internet contracts and others,
– depoliticization of the world, especially small and medium businesses.
But, in order to switch to a visa-free regime, it is necessary to create many jobs in developing countries dramatically and reduce their unemployment to the Midwest. This can be achieved quickly only if all countries reduce military spending by 2 times and direct all these funds to investments in developing countries / one bolt in a rocket or plane can cost up to $ 1,000, which is then destroyed in an explosion,
which is equal to the annual expenditures of small businesses in Africa /, to invest not in military bases and wars, but in the integrated development of deserts, primarily in North Africa, in the preservation of tropical and Siberian forests, the complete purification of all wastewater and flue gases, to increase wages in countries with its low level, including in Russia and China, reject the neo-Colanist ideology, the current sadistic competition, i.e. not to destroy a competitor at any cost, but to cooperate constructively, and move from barbaric technologies and industries of the 20th century to new environmentally clean technologies of the 3rd millennium: solar flint power engineering, solar vehicles with a hull on flint converters, replacement of finishing hydrocarbon materials with foam-stone, deforestation according to the principle: how many trees you planted, so much you can and cut down, how many fish and sea resources you have produced or saved, and caught as many, etc. etc..
Otherwise, it is possible not only the death of the modern MFES, and therefore the death of the current financial gates and their capitals, as well as the USA itself, but of the entire Western civilization, as it was with other civilizations: Minoan, Antique, Persian, Chingizian, Ottoman, Russian and empires, the main cause of death is the greed of power and overhead *.
5. Restricted and regulated protectionism – the need for a transition to normal globalization.
Thus, we see that a lot is needed to create a normal globalization of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations. And very little time is left to realize and implement all of this: all these measures should be taken by 2020, start implementing them from 20, and from about 30 fully comply with them, and this will be very difficult to implement, especially from an environmental point of view. i.e. in terms of full compliance with the strictest environmental standards that prevent the destruction of the terrestrial ecosystem.
For this period, regulated and controlled protectionism is a way to protect the interests of all states and nations, regions and regions, and it is objectively necessary. A complete rejection of it or deformation in favor of individual countries or capital is the key to the death of such globalization of the MFES.
Functions necessary, in our opinion, protectionism in the future:
– regulation of import duties and export subsidies in the range of up to 10%, more than 10% – with the permission of the WTO,
– the transition to the regulation of export, not import, as it is now, VAT, and then a complete waiver of VAT and the transition only to income tax,
– regulation of the minimum wage level above the internationally accepted and above the subsistence minimum,
– regulation of joint ventures with foreign capital above one million dollars,
– regulation of state conditions only for departure of its citizens abroad, entry – according to international standards,
– the introduction of higher than international environmental standards
in my own country
– regulation of bank interest rates to the maximum level / no more than 2% at each bank /,
– regulation of internal relations, including and transnational companies and e. but.,
– regulation of the activities of bankrupt ea. and providing financial assistance to collective enterprises
– provision of financial assistance and concessional loans to certain ea.
6. Restricting the creation of super large transnational companies is a condition for the normal functioning of the MFES and harmonious society.
Modern supermonopolies, transnational, transnational and intercontinental companies / financial and industrial empires – FPIs / are essentially monopolies not only in their own countries, but often also in MFES. They are very cumbersome and complex economic structures with a complete gap between the form of production and the form of distribution of products of production.
and most importantly, with a complete separation of people producing labor in the production process from participating in the distribution of labor results, that is, people who directly set the means of production in motion are completely excluded from production management and the distribution of results from this.
The workers and engineers of the enterprise in the production sphere clearly state its production behavior in the production process,
they cannot deviate not only from technology, but also offer some improvements, receive material or moral encouragement for it, i.e. there is no incentive for any improvement in production, and most importantly, the enterprise’s team does not participate in any production management, as there is a rigid vertical in management and the team as a whole does not participate in making any strategic decisions or profit sharing. Those who drive the means of production do not participate in the distribution of the results of this production, i.e. not interested in its technical improvement / economy of raw materials, production time, etc. / and economic efficiency, which cannot be considered normal. They are even more separated from the process of managing production and distribution of production results in large firms and multinational companies.
More antgonistic is the case with the environment. There, the process of production and distribution of profits is already associated with the territories where the enterprises are located, with components that are produced in other territories, and even countries, with raw materials, which are usually very far from the production of the final product.
For example, the controlling stake of the Russian processing company “Lukoil” belonged to the British “BP”, the controlling stake of which in turn belonged to large American banks and the oil refining firm “Standartoil”. So will there be such owners from the USA, whose concrete surnames are impossible to find out and worry about, during oil production, transportation and refining, about the ecology of the territories in the Siberian expanses of Russia? No, of course, since they are interested in the profit of the day.
Moreover, on the contrary, such proprietors take all measures and are often illegal in order to reduce costs in this direction, even to the point that they bribe local officials, promote their people to state bodies, and the government, especially the United States, tries to put its puppets in the power of the country support the opposition they need in order to have the best and cheapest access to natural resources, or even unleash a war under the fictional pretext, as the US government in Iraq did, just to
companies closely associated with the family of President Bush had preferential access to this country’s oil.
Can all this be considered normal? Not. To improve the situation, it is necessary to involve in the management of the processes representative bodies of the state, local authorities, the collective of the mining enterprises and not only their enterprises.
The unlimited power of supermonopolies unleashed by American super large firms and the largest US banks has led and will always lead to GFEK.
For example, the American supermonopoly GM / General Motors /
monopolized not only the production of expensive cars, but also practically – all over the world. But that was not enough for her. She also bought the majority of shares and the German Opel, one of the most popular cars in the world, since she was able to take more favorable loans from the USA in her time, and then acquired a controlling stake in the Swedish company Saab, which produces trucks. Thus, this supermonopoly of the United States has become an international superpowering monopoly controlling production from ultra-small cars to large trucks. And as a result of the crisis, she received billions of funds in the form of aid and a loan from the US Government and about one billion from the German Government, but she still cannot cope with the recession and sold Saab and Opel. This speaks not only of complete greed, but the inability of GM owners to manage their firm.
Unbridled greed and desire for super-profits led to such a swelling of the monopoly, that at the first critical situation, it completely broke.
So is it worth it in advance to allow such a swelling of a monopoly, if such a monster is not capable of life. To the American state, its salvation cost hundreds of billions of dollars, which means that this money will still be pumped out of the world economy.
And so it happened with most of the automotive giant firms, or rather, monsters, banks and investment funds. After all, it would be better for banks at the time, together with the German state, to help Opel cope with financial problems, but leave the Opel independent or transfer, or donate, the company to its production team, in the form of separate independent plants, leaving the general state management of the company .
If GM at one time had redeveloped “Opel” to release
New eco-friendly cars, solar vehicles, and these 100 billion dollars would be enough for this, now they would have enjoyed unlimited demand, since they do not need gasoline or fuel at all. And they just tookonly they took and changed one careless owner for another, i.e. changed the awl on the soap.
In such cases, it would be better for each plant to transfer the production team to its collective ownership with a gradual redemption within a certain time, and the team itself will better decide how to get out of bankruptcy or a difficult economic situation.
As practice has shown, even in the United States itself, this is a very effective method of changing ownership. So in the postwar years, the mining industry of the USA / stone, coal, shale, peat, and others / could not withstand the competition with gas and fuel oil and began to go out of business. But when all the enterprises were transferred to the ownership of their teams for a normal price and the enterprises received preferential loans (3-5%) from the state, most of the mines, mines and workings withstood the competition and survived, many still.
So collective ownership has shown its greatest efficiency, even in such a competitively tough country as the USA, than private property. After all, if a collective enterprise does not even have a profit, then it can continue to work, since its owners receive a salary, and if there is a loss, then the owner himself decides to lower his salary or not.
After all, modern enterprises and labor are collective in nature, and the distribution of the results of labor and production is private capitalist in nature / commanded by one who has a controlling stake and is only in his own favor /.
Thus, the modern real sector of the economy bears in itself the antagonistic contradiction between the collective nature of labor and production and the private capitalist form of managing it and appropriating the results of labor and production.
Consequently, in case of bankruptcy of any enterprise in the real sector of the economy, it is necessary to introduce a law / global norm /, that the enterprise’s collective has firstly the right to buy its own enterprise not only at its own expense, but also soft loans in commercial and state banks. And this, nevertheless, is better than bringing the enterprise to complete bankruptcy, and FES – before the crisis.
And then, on a par with the Council of Shareholders of an enterprise and a company, the Workers Council of an enterprise / parliament of an enterprise or company should function, chosen by direct secret voting of the employees of the enterprise from among the employees of this enterprise only.
Third, if all these three options are not possible, then the enterprise will be nationalized and then the state will determine its fate.
So, summarizing, one can determine that in case of bankruptcy of private (joint-stock, etc., etc.) firms, there can be only four acceptable options: collectivization first. then either repurposing, or modernization, or in the end – nationalization.
Did at least one of the measures listed here by the author of the measures be any of the countries that are now leaving GFEK? Not. None and nothing. This means that even if these countries come out of the crisis, in 8-10 years they will fall into it again, because the foundations of this crisis have not been eliminated. Thus, by about the mid-thirties a new one will break out and the author thinks that the last crisis, from which the old methods can no longer be overcome without reforming the whole MFES, but only then everything can be done harder, and maybe even impossible to do. . the whole economic system may collapse.
In order to prevent this from happening it is necessary, besides everything from the above, to move to competition: from the principle of struggle for the complete destruction of a competitor by any means to the principle of competitive neutrality and cooperation.
The new principle of competition should include:
– a ban on the purchase of a competing enterprise, company, production sector,
– the transition from corporate to copyright patenting, in which the inventor, etc., will have the right to apply his patents at competitor’s enterprises,
– permission to use the patent at a competing company and without the permission of the author, but with its mandatory notification and the corresponding, according to the law, automatic payment to the author and maybe the company, payment of the fee for the application of the invention and in case of disagreement of the author with the size and condition of the fee and application then allow the application of the invention – until a court decision.
To reduce the growth of super large firms vertically and horizontally, it is necessary to introduce certain principles for the purchase of bankrupt firms:
– in each country there must be at least three competing firms
and if at the same time one of the firms went bankrupt, then state aid (interest-free or concessional loan) should be allowed to bring it out of bankruptcy or that part of its production that is among the last three competitors in this industry,
– if the firm is in the top the last three competitors in the world, the same measures should be allowed to save it from bankruptcy as within the country,
– should not be allowed to buy a competing company or that part of its production, which is one of the last three competitors,
– if the company in the country is the only one, then it is not allowed to buy it by the firm of any other country, it has all the benefits and it can, as a last resort, be nationalized.
7. Regulation of the activities of super huge banks is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the MFES.
But no matter how cool you are, it is financial institutions / banks, IF, etc. / that are to blame for the credit crisis that broke out in 2008, and after him – for the financial and economic crisis.
They gave loans to the insolvent population and gave loans at too high interest rates for too large development of automobile production, but they did not give loans, especially concessional, for the development of agricultural production in developing and poor countries, including most CIS countries. Instead, they mainly issued loans for the construction of supermarkets, because there, in a year, it would be possible to earn income.
Therefore, it is natural that it is necessary to regulate their activities and, first of all, to regulate / limit / the activities of large international banks. They invested up to 60% of all financial resources and up to 80% through other, local banks.
The first and most important thing, and the author has already noted this before, is that national banks and super huge banks must give loans to other banks with incomes not higher than 0.5%, and with the permission of the relevant anti-monopoly authority – up to 1%, and directly to enterprises real economy – up to 2%. Thus, the percentage of loans to real industrial enterprises should not exceed 5%, and with the permission of the government of the country – no more than 6%.
All this can be achieved if the following principle is in effect in the financial and credit system: a financial institution can add / issue / loan only up to one percent on its own, and up to one percent – with the permission of the relevant supervisory body: the US Federal Reserve – by Congress or the US President National banks – by national Parliaments, commercial banks and funds – by the financial authorities of the country and regional governments.
Naturally, the interest on deposits should not be more than 3% (we will consider in more detail later), and the total bank% in the real economy should not be more than 5%. All of this should be monitored and regulated by the country’s national banks and their governments. Only then the real sphere of the economy will become unavailable in most of its branches. Now PROFITABILITY is observed only for the banking system and the most advanced technologies, all other sectors, especially the daily real daily sphere of the economy, are ineffective, so they greatly exploit hired labor to be able to expand or come to a standstill, which cannot be considered normal in a normal economic system .
Then, on average, the real sector of production will get 6-8% / of the world percentage profit /, i.e. not less than 50% of the total absolute profit, and this is necessary for its normal production and reproduction: labor, capital and the actual real sector of the economy, i.e. it is necessary to transfer the receipt of the main (at least half) profit by the real sector of the economy, which means reduce its dependence on banks, and increase its dependence on the specific demand of the economy.
But this is not enough. We also need administrative restrictions on the activities of large banks, since from practice, it has long been seen that the banking system, without its precise regulation and administrative intervention, is not only unable to work for all segments of the population, but even for itself, since it contains antagonistic contradictions that lead either to a crisis of its system, or to the impoverishment of broad sections of the population and the ensuing harsh struggle for its rights. But both can happen, then this is a revolutionary situation that does not lead to anything good: either to the death of the old economic system and its replacement, as a rule, opposite and also with internal antagonistic contradictions, or to the death of the entire system, and then – and civilizations.
Therefore, it is necessary, among other things, to prohibit any bank, including for state banks, except small ones, to have, buy and manage enterprises of the real economy.
For temporary ownership, banks may have shares of enterprises in the real sphere of the economy only for temporary use:
a) for technical modernization and resale in order to return their funds,
b) to provide financial assistance in order to restructure the enterprise and bring it to profitability, or sell it and bring it to profitable activity,
c) to change the owner, able to bring the enterprise of the real economy to a profitable activity,
d) in order to change the form of ownership:
– at privatization of state ownership of other types:
private, joint-stock, collective, etc.
– in the transition of private and share ownership to collective ownership,
– in case of nationalization of private or joint-stock property, i.e. in the transition of these types of property in the state.
Banks may have a permanent ownership of shares of firms in the real sector of the economy / production / if there is a controlling stake or shares of a closed joint-stock company of the entire enterprise, if they have a license to manage this enterprise. After all, to conduct banking, you must have a license to do so. And why, in order to manage very complex production processes of products or services, which sometimes produce super-complex products, shouldn’t a bank have a license?
Omnipotence of banks and poor state control over them, as well as the lack of power of customers, is the basis of the banking (and not only banking) crisis. Has all of this been provided, or at least partially, in the proposed measures to eliminate the crisis in the decisions of summits of 9, 20, or at least individual countries, in order to overcome the crisis? Not. And this means that the basis of future crises remains and it will be repeated in a maximum of 10-15 years, i.e. – somewhere in 2030 / +, – 5 /, but this will be another crisis, destructive for the MFES and all Western civilization, and first of all for the USA, if radical measures proposed by the author of this book on the reformation of MFES are not taken until 2025 , and for this we need political reforms of a global scale, which we will discuss in the next chapter.
8. Excessively high interest on deposits – a brake in the development of the MFES.
Excessively high% of deposits of the population / individuals /, with
on the one hand, they overestimate% for loans to economic agents, which slows down its demand, which means it also slows down production, on the other hand, it overestimates% of consumer’s credit to buy goods, which reduces the demand for personal consumption of expensive goods, and therefore does not encourage their production and credit for them.
Therefore, the% on deposits of the population should be reduced / limited / to 2-3%, and to stimulate deposits of funds from economic agents, which are now completely underdeveloped in the modern MFES, since it is in itself ugly and the real sector of the economy has small profits. , and even then they go mainly for dividends, but it is necessary that these enterprises themselves save up a certain part for their further development and take less loans by accumulating money on a special account or on a deposit.
On the other hand, if the% of deposits is very high, then the majority of the population will try to use it not on the consumption of expensive goods or on their business, but on the rentier, i.e. on life at the expense of% on deposits, which can not be considered a normal economic phenomenon.
Thus, in a new and in our opinion more normal IFES, funds for loans in commercial banks should be formed from such funds:
– loans and borrowings from the state, state / central / banks and state-commercial banks / at 2-3% /,
– from the IMF, the IB and the ESC and others / at 1-2% /,
– loans from large international commercial banks and investment funds / 1-3% /,
– deposits from economic agents that should be
up to 60% of the funds credited / at 2-4% /,
– deposits from individuals / at 1-3% /,
– income from banking / credit / activities / 1-2% /.
Consequently, the basis of the new MFES should be the redistribution of part of the global profit in favor of enterprises in the real sector of the economy and bank income from deposits in this sector.
And then an excess of profit in the real sector of the economy, accompanied by real financial resources, rather than fictitious and speculative, as now, will be directed directly to the development of these enterprises or industries that have a great demand for their products.
All of these recommended interest rates on deposits and loans are possible on one condition that the US Fed rate will be no more than 2% (more than 1% – with the permission of the government or the US Congress), and then no more than 1% will be added at each financial level, a% of credit to the real sector should be limited to 5% (in exceptional cases, 6-7% with the permission of the relevant body controlling the financial source).
9. Limiting growth and regulating speculative and financial capital is a necessity for the normal functioning of the MFES.
There is no doubt that the market and, in particular, the commodity exchanges are needed for an objective determination of the price of a commodity, since the balance of supply and demand determines the socially necessary expenditures for the production of this commodity, i.e. the quantity and quality of labor and energy needed to produce a given use value.
But weak administrative and economic regulation of the market leads not only to neglect in the financial system to environmental and social issues, but also unfairly, i.e. without economic necessity, overstates profits in speculative areas of activity, not only due to its selection from the manufacturer / example of Ethiopian women working in coffee plantations /, but also a fictitious increase in the price of goods, and all this leads to an increase in the fictitious / unsupported real commodity / capital in the credit system.
To limit the growth of speculative capital, and therefore profits, it is necessary that the super profits / more than 1% / received in this area are subject to a progressive tax so that from a certain rate of super profits to the commodity exchange customers, TSB, it would not be profitable to raise prices on goods., and the tax itself was directed to environmental measures for the transportation of this raw material. First of all, it means – a progressive tax on the transportation of oil and its products, gas and chemicals. And it is very important that these funds go not only to national / state /, but also intergovernmental measures and environmental costs. And for this it is necessary to create interethnic environmental forces.
This was very well shown by the catastrophe at the beginning of the 21st century of oil tanker off the coast of Europe, when there was not only someone to eliminate the catastrophe, but the culprit was also identified for more than 6 years. And in these cases, insurance companies are always trying to slip away from responsibility, since the damage and expenses from environmental disasters, even they are very heavy. In these cases, commodity exchanges should pay for the elimination of environmental disasters, and special and effective forces, i.e. In certain special accounts of TSB, funds should be collected from each transaction for environmental costs, which should be used to compensate expenses for environmental accidents and catastrophes and for international environmental projects for the delivery of goods to TSB.
Thus, international TSBs and their clients could, according to the results of at least a quarter, deduct according to certain standards a part of their clients’ profits, in advance, prior to the actual determination of profit, for the maintenance of services and measures to eliminate environmental accidents and disasters during oil transportation, up to synchronous tracking special security and emergency forces of large tankers or caravans with oil and its products, including for protection from pirates and in particular – from terrorists.
After all, having blown up a large tanker with oil off the coast of any country, it is possible to create a situation with a global environmental catastrophe. Therefore, it seems to the author that now it is necessary to introduce a norm in the rules of world trade and the WTO that any large tanker should be accompanied by a warship and special ecological and fire ships, pay them for it, especially in the event of an accident, and then high prices oil would have paid off, as it would have incurred certain costs and guarantees, and not the loss of oil and profits, as it is now.
LECTURE 5. Measures taken by countries to improve the functioning of the MFES and their insufficiency.
The leading countries of the world (20-ka), who gathered on this occasion for the second time (in the town of Akwela, Italy) did not take any radical measures to reform the IFES, and moreover did not create or did not decide to create common international bodies and all of them decisions were advisory in their national programs to get out of the crisis and essentially boiled down to
from the crisis separately: who, how can. Even the timid proposal of Russia and China to create a new world currency was not considered, therefore
the two countries then decided to settle among themselves in national currencies. Therefore, we consider them briefly separately.
1. Events in the United States.
The first thing that the Federal Republic of the United States itself did at the end of 2008 was that it reduced its discount rate to 0.5%. Fraer’s greed killed it, because before the crisis it reached 6%, and this ultra-high rate was the main cause of the credit crisis, because together with the uncontrolled release of dollars, such activities of the US Federal Reserve were the basis of fictitious incomes , a significant proportion of future high-interest loans in the global FES, and the basis of high interest on loans received by the real sector of the economy, where they / income and interest / actually arise. That is, at first there was unlimited and uncontrollable fictitious income and interest on it, and then it had to be created in the real sector by any means. So a group of US rich from a private US Federal Reserve, in essence, financially robbed the rest of the world.
. And in 2009, among the most important anti-crisis measures, there was neither the nationalization of the US Federal Reserve, nor the introduction of any control over its activities, and even the US presidents were afraid to raise this issue, as they remember that when President John F. Kennedy tried to do this, he was quickly removed. and then his brother, who knew about this, but was also going to, after becoming the president of the United States, take the Fed under the control of the Government.
In the United States, only the Risk Management Commission in the financial system with uncertain functions and subordination was created, the task of which was to monitor the observance of the old legislation over smaller players of the financial system: banks, IF and insurance institutions with a vague mechanism of activity and control.
In the area of practical measures, the Obama government took steps to get out of the crisis, and not to prevent it in the future: redemption of debts of financial institutions and large enterprises in the real economy / mainly automotive / for shares for the state, but without introducing a public, at least temporary, management. therefore
Many bankers, who brought their banks to a crisis, issued themselves multi-million premiums in the form of personal bonds for themselves. And why not, if there is no control from the top or bottom, as most of the managers are the main shareholders, and ordinary shareholders are not asked about it. Even if they find out later, it will be too late.
The second step is the introduction of tax exemptions for enterprises with incomes below 700 thousand dollars a year and the third is the improvement in obtaining insurance sums in medicine, which was met with desperate noise and resistance from insurance companies.
No laws and regulations, at least, on regulating the activities of the US Federal Reserve were adopted, and in fact the shareholders of the US Federal Reserve directly manage up to 80% of US capital and up to 50% of the capital of the whole world through shares of their banks, and therefore are the main shareholders and players of MFES
They make decisions in their favor, controlling the Senate and Congress through the Republican Party and their henchmen in government positions in any administration of the US President.
In early 2010, the President of the United States made a statement on the occasion of his anniversary as President that the US bankers ignored measures to overcome the crisis, so he declares war on them and offers the United States Congress new tougher measures:
– a ban on the conduct of commercial operations by banks from profit / must be thought without the permission of shareholders and, above all, ordinary ones /,
– a ban on the ownership of shares of investment funds / it should be limited to reasonable limits,
– cancellation of the bonus payment / it should be limited, but not completely canceled.
But most importantly, in this proposed regulation there is no restriction of ownership of shares in the real sector of the economy.
President Obama did not touch (and left the Capitol) and the holy of holies of the US economy, regulating the activities of the US Federal Reserve, which, being private, lent the US government about $ 1 trillion to fight the crisis, most of which will be returned by the American taxpayer and the world communities, and the banks themselves are not particularly going to return the loans or buy back their shares from the government, but continue to also manage bank finances and only in their own favor, which cannot be considered normal. As we said earlier, it is necessary that all firms and banks that took out loans from the state were governed by state representatives and already benefit not only one banker, but also the state and all the people.
In May 2010, the US Congress adopted an Action Plan for the regulation of FES in the United States, the most important of which is the creation, under the presidential administration, of the “Office of Financial Consumer Protection”, which has yet to be approved by Congress.
The creation of such a body is undoubtedly a step forward, but it will protect the interests of consumers when they are violated, and laws must be created that would not allow violation of consumers in advance. will be monitored for medium and small financial institutions, but not for large ones and especially for the US Federal Reserve.
Such control has already begun to be implemented by the Government of Germany, due to the increasing budget deficit in a number of EU countries: Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the fall of the euro in this regard.
2. Events of the EU and other countries.
Activities of the EU countries were aimed at temporary stimulation of consumption and demand of the population and partial assistance to large firms of the real economy and some banks, thus, EU laws on non-interference of states into the economy of economic agents were violated. At one time, they recognized the illegal assistance of the Polish government to their shipyards in Gdansk and Szczecin and demanded that the government, under the threat of a fine, declare these shipyards bankrupt, but when their entire Western European economic system became bankrupt, a number of countries pledged to allocate Opel to bankrupt, or rather his master is American
GM, 1 billion dollars, which indicates the absence of uniform legislation
for the EU.
Thus, in order to get rid of the unprofitable competitor of its shipbuilding industry, the EU authorities refuse to help him, and in order to preserve their economy whales, OPEL, violate their own legislation.
Stimulating consumption is the right policy from an economic point of view, but temporary stimulation and only during a crisis means that such a crisis will come again, as it is necessary to constantly stimulate consumption, and this can be achieved, as we noted earlier, if the incomes of wide sections are raised population, especially developing countries, and reduced incomes of banks, etc.
It is very important that the ECB accepted the base rate on the loans issued by it for the second half of 2009 in the amount of 1%. But as we have already noted, this rate should be not only during the crisis, but always and its further increase, but not more than 2%, should be adopted by the relevant parliament, otherwise in the future the credit crisis cannot be avoided. But again, the European Parliament did not adopt any regulatory documents. And naturally, he cannot accept this until such a law is passed by the Senate and the US Congress for his US Federal Reserve, which means that it is impossible to avoid a sharp rise in loan rates and redistribution of income from the MFES in the near future only to the benefit of financial institutions. the finances of enterprises in the real sector of the economy, and therefore the fall in incomes of the majority of the population in favor of the same financial institutions and the onset of conditions for the impossibility of repayment of loans and the crisis.
Many in the EU, especially non-governmental and charitable organizations, understood that any, even new, after a crisis trade agreement, for example, between the EU and African countries leads to freezing of local production and trying to change the situation without eliminating the causes of its / inability of the global capitalist market FES work progressively / and propose methods / delivery of seeds, rather than products, the construction of primitive water pipelines for family production, i.e. for family needs, rather than the issuance of various canned goods, the issuance of small loans, instead of humanitarian aid, for the production of agricultural products needed by the local population, and not for profit abroad, etc. etc. / which are good, but without a fundamental change in the MFES / above all, a sufficient, cheap and long-term loan to local small businessmen, especially for agricultural production, processing and sale, including abroad, especially monocultures i.e. – the most common crops in a given country or locality /, they are unable to fundamentally solve
The problems of these countries, people and the MFEC as a whole.
3. World Summits and Their Decisions
All the world summits, both for the MFEK and for the GIK, for 2 years after the start of the MFEK did not lead to the adoption of a single general decision, including on ecology, and the prevention of technogenic influence on the GIK, especially such fundamental measures that are given the author in his books / see for example his book “Technogenic Impact on Global Climate Change and its Prevention”, 2007 /.
Therefore, the author considers the strengthening of UN influence on these major problems of mankind especially relevant. For this, it is necessary at the UN to create one or separate working commissions on these problems and in working order to create a single document that does not take into account the interests of individual countries, but only common interests in the plan presented by the author in these two books, and those countries that do not vote for a single document should be openly condemned and economic and political sanctions adopted by the UN. Otherwise, all summits will have the appearance of a bazaar and disorder, when everyone, like at the bazaar, bargained only for their interests. At the same time, all technologies and inventions under the SEC should be transferred by firms for free or at the lowest financial offers.
Summarizing, we can say that the exit of all countries from the crisis showed that this was mainly focused on saving banks and helping them, at the expense of other sectors and mainly saving capital through labor and social expenses:
– in the United States, although the most balanced policy, the basic principles and methods of functioning of the US economy and the International Economic Property Fund are preserved: the dominance of large capital and its uncontrollability, the absence of the state Fed, the lack of state control over the issue of the dollar both inside and outside the country outside unrestricted activities of insurance firms and funds, poor control over lending% and others,
– in Europe and Russia, the majority of state expenditures went towards saving banks and state budgets, mainly due to labor savings (wages of employees and social expenses), especially the policy of most European governments to save banks by raising the pension requirement, is disgusting. e. the deprivation of the livelihood of those who created the entire economy of the second half of the 20th century, and the IMF is especially zealous in this, especially in Eastern Europe, where living standards and life expectancy are lowest in Europe after the “democracy and freedom” that came from the West : the entire economic, social, industrial and residential infrastructure has been destroyed and in return for them for 20 years nothing good
has been created,
– the example of Greece is particularly illustrative, as the abominable activities of the MFES, and especially the disgusting example of Greece’s exit from the MFEK: instead of developing agricultural production in the neighboring countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine) and helping them to improve, modernize and reformation of the agricultural infrastructure and industrial production, where the amount of investments in the coming decades can be unlimited and much needed by the MFES, but the EU and the IMF invested money in Greece only in commercial, civil and tourist construction, i.e. where it is possible to make a profit in a year, and this did not meet its needs (even if the Greek government, and especially the people, do not take offense at me, since I myself can be said to be a descendant of the ancient Greeks, like all the peoples around it: the Bulgarians, Serbs, Macedonians, Moldovans, Albanians),
– practically in the whole space of the SPEC, the authorities of all countries saved capital, not labor, and often by reducing or freezing salary hired labor and pensions, with rare exceptions: for example, Ford paid good benefits to all those reduced.
And the way bankers behave, there is even a feeling that they artificially made GFEK with the consent of the main shareholders and owners of their financial institutions, as was the case in the 20s in the United States, with the help of a huge dollar issue by the Fed owners. What could this be done for? It seems that it would make sense for some reason:
– in order to bring down the price of oil,
– lower rates of all national currencies, as happened for all national currencies, except the dollar and the euro,
– reduce the income of Russia and other major oil exporters and increase their dependence on large Western investors,
– cause an economic downturn in China and reduce its economic expansion.
But these are purely political reasons, they are not related to economics and science, and let journalists, politicians and trade unions deal with them.
_________________
* – The author was very supportive of the struggle of the Greek trade unions, who in 2010 carried out demonstrations and strikes throughout the country against the policy of the Greek government to get out of debt mainly due to wage labor, but if FES can take into account the interests of wage labor only through manifestation and harassment, when material then manifestants themselves, employers, capital, state and population lose, this is very bad, because many issues can be resolved through the Councils of enterprises consisting of representatives of this wage labor, and that It also means that parliamentarians, like almost any other country, do not have parliamentarians expressing the interests of hired labor, but mostly big business, because to get to parliament you have to spend a lot of money on the electoral system, which hired labor is not.
DECTION 6. Other areas for improving harmonization in society.
1. A radical improvement in the work of the WTO is a pressing need for the normal functioning of the MFES.
The main disadvantages of the work of the WTO:
– the old form of membership in the WTO,
– non-binding decisions of the WTO,
– failure to comply with WTO decisions by almost all WTO members,
– the dependence of the WTO activities on the long-standing MFES and, above all, on the United States and its financial institutions and magnates,
– the absence in the WTO of controlling and punishing bodies.
The main flaw in the WTO is the lack of commitment of its decisions and the impossibility in the present conditions to agree on their implementation, because from an economic point of view they are counter-essential and go against national interests. This means that this is the main contradiction between the decision to abolish all or at least partially state subsidies and the historical, economic and social necessity of their preservation and the contradiction between doping prices and the prohibition to increase import duties on goods with such prices.
How to solve these two contradictions economically, the author noted earlier, but they cannot be resolved until all the other shortcomings are eliminated, and the latter cannot be eliminated unless the entire MFES is changed. A vicious circle that cannot be broken either by the MFES or the WTO for several decades.
The political party should be removed to the WTO, and for this it is necessary to admit to the WTO members not after bilateral agreements have been signed, but after the candidate has fulfilled the conditions necessary for its accession by majority vote or at least 2/3 or , or 4/5 votes, but not 100%, as now.
Sanctions should be carried out by a special body at the WTO and its special bank. Sanctions should be directed against the governments of countries through their national banks and the country’s Ministry of Finance.
As we see, major changes are needed in the WTO charter and the thinking of national leaders and, above all, Western countries led by the United States. Until this is done, the WTO will remain a loose and incompetent organization.
2. Maximum development of local, especially agricultural, production is the path of stability of the MFES.
Fully developing local, especially ecological, agricultural production, not only improves the Earth’s ecology / no need to burn ten times more fuel to deliver its products from afar, but due to the use of manual labor, less chemicals are used, etc. /, the number of workplaces, but also increases the production backup options in the case of large natural and man-made disasters in the main areas of production of this product, i.e. stability of the market, and hence the entire FES, is improving.
The modern MFES imposes goods only on large producers. For example, in Soviet times, in Chisinau, about 10 types of local sweet water produced only from natural gradients were produced at the brewery, but Pepsi-Cola came in Soviet times, and then Coca-Cola, which instead In order to help equipment for a greater volume of local production, they put out three types of production of only their products. And so it was in all CIS countries, and throughout the world.
And now the whole world drinks only 3-4 types of very unnatural, in addition also tasteless, products of these companies. And all this for the sake of the profits of these two omega giants and super large American banks.
But another example, the opposite, can be exemplified by the work of the Bucuria candy factory in Chisinau, which developed only through domestic investment and was not subordinated to Western investors, and thus it was able to continue its policy: it produces its very high quality, very peculiar, very diverse products and is still an excellent and dominant factory in the country, still surviving in unequal competition with Ukrainian and even Western firms.
Another example shows the fate of the newest at that time for the Soviet Union Chisinau television factory “Alpha”. While privatization took place, including this plant, its products were outdated during this time, the plant was not completed and in the new market conditions there was not a single competing company to buy its controlling stake and the plant went bankrupt for a couple of years without reaching of its face value, losing at the same time frames, premises and auxiliary equipment. But, if at one time, even under the USSR, first the privatization and transfer of such plants to collective ownership would have occurred, then even after the collapse of the USSR, THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO COMBAT WITH OTHER PLANTS and create a production association competing with any world firm. There is no doubt that during its privatization, foreign similar firms should have participated. But no one did, and more than 2 thousand jobs were lost, only at this plant, and in general, within the CIS, more than 5 thousand.
Thus, the wrong economic policy in the USSR before its collapse (cooperation instead of privatization and collectivization of state-owned enterprises) and privatization instead of privatization after its collapse led to a decline in industrial production.
Ugly FES already has a clear ugly form: almost all over the world people go to buy products almost in the same supermarkets, they drink the same drinks (Coca-Cola and Fantu would not call it otherwise), watch TVs of the same brands and about ten brands made in the USSR disappeared, doing the same brands in suits in the morning, getting into cars / slightly more, but the same brands, since all the small automobile brands in the world have almost become extinct in the last 30 years or produce products big giants / and go to banks the same signs, and at work they work on computers of the same brands, etc. etc..
Particularly depressing position of the Western giants and banks in the agricultural production. Instead of developing local mechanized ecological agricultural production in almost all of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and now in Eastern Europe, highly specialized separate production is being introduced that is advantageous to Western investors for massive, cheap, and giving a large profit. But then the same means for its delivery to remote areas of consumption.
Thus, not only local, especially ecological production was ditched, but due to the use of chemicals, dirty technologies and non-compliance with environmental standards, environmental safety was violated worldwide.
The author has already given many examples on this topic and the reasons for this situation, the cornerstone of this is the poverty of local banks, budgets, firms and the population as a whole and their dependence on ugly western financial institutions, capital and investment schemes.
LECTURE 7.
The main activities needed to create at the present stage a more civilized and harmonious society
Much is said about globalization: about its necessity, usefulness, efficiency, etc., but in reality there is only globalization of capital, i.e. unimpeded penetration, functioning, protection of capital, and mostly large, and mostly American, but nothing else is done for other sides of globalization: the free movement of goods, especially labor, intellectual property, and especially for their protection, including to create international legislation and international institutions, as well as international forces to comply with financial, environmental and social norms, which, in addition, still do not exist, but there are only national ones that contradict each other gu
All participants in the MFES are so poor, except for large banks, that they cannot create normal economic conditions: both during production and during transportation and sale of goods not only from environmental and social disasters, but also from financial and economic disasters, fires, from simple primitive pirates and great danger from international terrorism.
Due to the low incomes of local budgets, since most of them flow into large banks, the level of urban and social infrastructure in the so-called developing countries, with rare exceptions, in Africa, Latin America and low wages in the countries of the former socialist camp is very low. All this is aggravated by the corruption of local officials fostered by the West and the brutal exploitation of the bourgeois capitalists who do not respect the elementary economic rights of wage labor, especially guest workers.
Moreover, having brought the financial and credit system to a deep global crisis, as a result of which not one trillion of clients’ funds were lost, the majority of bankers resigned, writing themselves bonus bonuses for “good work” for millions of dollars, and even from state loans to get out of the crisis, which indicates a complete not only economic, but also moral degradation of modern oligarchs and their managers and the entire banking system.
Therefore, for real globalization, it is necessary not to shame bankers, but to create permanent international financial and economic institutions and forces: environmental, fire, police, financial, controlling future international legislation. And all this can be created under the auspices of the UN.
There is nothing of all this, which means there can be no normal MFES. But the largest banks and the “emperor of the dollar empire”, the US Federal Financial Reserve System, will oppose all this, since it was she who, starting from the Marshall plan of 1946 to 2008, used MFES for the first time mercilessly exploiting half the world
/1946-1991g./, and then the whole world. And they, the owners of the US Federal Reserve System, will never agree to the proposed changes in the MFES, much less radical, i.e. for full control of the MFES through the UN, but this does not mean that the rest of the world should sit and wait: when the complete collapse of the MFES and the entire modern market-private oligarchic system, and maybe the death of the entire modern civilization, comes.
In the 30s of the last century, during the Great Depression in the United States, and more specifically, the deepest economic and political crisis and pre-revolutionary situation, the American scientist Keynes proposed a market policy for regulating macro-processes in the country by regulating supply and demand and intermediate leverage in the form of -% bank loan.
After President Roosevelt’s titanic efforts to stimulate production and social protection of the population, the country began to emerge from the crisis, and the looming war further stimulated production. Then the war, the post-war reconstruction of destroyed Western Europe and Japan with the help of American capital of fictitious and real capital, as well as the arms race during the Cold War, stimulated production and therefore catastrophic crises, despite the antagonistic
But only the first treaties between the USSR and the USA on the limitation of strategic weapons were concluded, as it broke out at the beginning in the West,
the so-called energy crisis, and then in the east, the so-called “stagnation”.
Thus, the energy crisis of the 70s, a series of local and less devastating crises of the 80s and 90s in the world and the global financial and economic crisis of the first decade of the 21st century showed that managing the economy only through the regulation of% for credit suffered a major fiasco and at least requires a large operational / controlling / and strategic / conscious / intervention of the state and international economic and political institutions in the activities of the financial and economic system, as individually countries and globally.
Therefore, according to the author, both Keynesianism of the West, and especially the economic policy of the United States, require their fundamental change for their own self-preservation. They require the implementation and reformation of the MEP in all areas. Summarizing, we can briefly determine further the need for the following activities.
1.Political measures.
a) the creation of an advisory council first, and then an executive council / government / with the UN:
– joining on a voluntary basis of all current international / world / organizations to the UN Government:
WTO, WHO, IAEA, Interpol, ASEAN, Arab League and all others,
– the creation of new departments under the UN Government: ecology and others,
c) the creation of a unicameral World Parliament at the UN:
– elections for each country according to its largest administrative units by nationality,
– creation in this Parliament of world norms binding for all countries / international legislation / in the field of politics, economics, ecology, etc.
d) the subordination of the IMF and the World Bank to the shareholders and the IMF,
f) introduction of the obligation to fulfill UN decisions, after their approval by 80% of votes, of the veto of the permanent members of the Security Council
at the UN should be abolished,
g) the introduction of administrative and economic sanctions on the heads of states, officials of the state and the governments of the states / state budgets themselves / for non-compliance with UN decisions.
h) Creation of special permanent troops at the UN: international economic, criminal / Interpolo / and environmental police.
2. Administrative arrangements.
a) the creation of parliamentary and executive bodies in each country, controlling the proper functioning of the FES in accordance with international law,
b) creation at production economic agents / PEA /
/ or to give these functions to trade unions / Councils of enterprises that could control and defend the interests of the collective of this enterprise directly in the sectors of the real economy and vest them with such real powers:
– determining a vote of no confidence in managers and managers of the enterprise,
– appointment of a new election of the Chairman of the Board of Directors
/ general director, director and managers of structural divisions or coordination of their appointment /,
– coordination of large contracts and projects ea, conditions of structuring, nationalization, etc., etc.
c) the creation of an international / UN / supervisory body for the functioning of the IFES / UNESCO-type / to which the IMF and the IB are subordinate and which would create international legislation on FES approved by the UN Parliament and would replace the summit of 20 leading countries of the world
d) the creation of an international regulatory body under the UN Environment for the development of international environmental standards, also approved by Parliament and controlled by the UN Government,
e) nationalization of the US Federal Financial Reserve System and the introduction of international control over its activities, if the US Government wants the dollar to become a real world currency.
f) the creation of an environmental, economic and labor police at the United Nations in the style of Interpolo, which must also enter, if desired, the UN.
3. Economic events
a) the creation of common legal and economic conditions for the activity and bankruptcy of economic agents of all types and forms of ownership, both in each country and in all countries of world globalization:
– the use of the same methods and forms of state assistance in all sectors: banking, financial, real and in all types: capital, labor and the social sphere,
– the abolition of gratuitous and compensatory assistance and the provision of state assistance in the form of concessional loans and taxes and the purchase of shares in state ownership with the corresponding influence of the state in the management of the economic agent,
– the most effective lever in stimulating the real industry is preferential state interest loans, which are still practically not used anywhere in the world, these are government benefits for interest on a loan, i.e., the state pays part of interest for loans from any bank to the necessary industries development of the real economy, (there is a tremendous savings of public funds at its maximum efficiency),
b) introduction in all financial and economic agents / except for banks / production funds: an enterprise development fund, an environmental fund and a social fund that goes to pay unemployment benefits and current premiums from profits for wage labor,
c) the dollar may temporarily remain a world currency on the following terms:
– the nationalization of the US Federal Reserve and the control of the issue of the dollar by the US Government and the United Nations through the IMF,
– dollar emission in other countries is conducted under the leadership of the IMF, subordinate to the UN and also has commodity and gold supply,
d) if the US Government does not agree to the new conditions for the functioning of the dollar, it will be necessary to introduce a new currency, which should be provided with commodity, precious and semiconductor content, and call such an international currency – silicon / Si /, and one tenth / 1/10 = 5 cents / its shares – silicone.
d) the creation of a new international financial reserve system
/ IFS / according to the principle: each country is one vote, each silicone is the same percentage of dividends,
e) the introduction of the same minimum wage in all countries at enterprises exporting the same goods,
g) the introduction of the same mandatory customs duty for the same imported goods in the amount of not more than 10%, and with the permission of the WTO – no more than 15%,
h) the creation of preferential credit funds in the IMF, the World Bank and the National Banks for lending special projects and above all in the field of ecology,
i) the abolition of value added tax / VAT / and replacing it with a single income tax,
j) the creation of a UN budget for the development of promising energy industries / CEE and other / and ecology,
k) the introduction of uniform rates of discount rates: for the IFS – no more than 1%, up to 2% – with the permission of the relevant administrative body:
up to 2% – with the permission of the UN / IMF /, adding to the discount rates of national banks – no more than 1%, for commercial banks – no more than 2% and issuing loans for enterprises of the real economy at a percentage of no more than 7-8, and all with the permission of the relevant state or local government body
m) the creation of a world economic budget under the Government and the UN Parliament at the expense of a single implementation tax.
m) all environmental projects and technologies are carried out without the permission of the patent owner, but with the payment of the minimum established% to authors and patent owners.
4. Social events.
a) the introduction of uniform systems of mandatory compensation for unemployment:
– for 2 months, when dismissing at his own request, in the amount of the average wage of an employee for the last year at the expense of the enterprise / FIRM /,
– FOR 6 MONTHS AT THE RELEASE OF A Hired Employee
FOR MAJOR CAUSES: NATURAL DISASTERS, ENVIRONMENTAL CATHOSTS, PUBLIC DISORDERS, GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BUDGET,
– FOR 12 MONTHS WITH THE REDUCTION OF THE STAFF, THE BANKRUPTCY OF THE ENTERPRISE OR THE DESIGNER OF THE EMPLOYER DUE TO THE EMPLOYER,
– 24 MONTHS AT EVIDENCE IN COURT OF UNLAWFUL DISORDER: UNDER
PERSONAL, POLITICAL OR RATIONAL-RELIGIOUS PURSUITS AT THE EXPENSE OF THE EMPLOYER AND THE OFFICIDER OF THE PURSUIT.
b) the introduction of a single minimum wage, wage rates and pensions.
All these payments may be replaced by study and employment of an employee with his consent.
5. Ecological measures
1. Establishment of an international body for the development, implementation and control of the most severe international standards on ecology / by the type of IAEA /.
2. Creation of an environmental budget at the UN through contributions
from mandatory environmental national budgets and international fines for violations of environmental regulations.
3. Development, under the auspices of the UN Government, of expensive projects on ecology and new ecological industry:
– project development and implementation of CEE (for more details, see 10.11), and first of all in the countries of North Africa,
– cleaning of polluted regions,
– plantation in the deserts and around them,
– modernization of polluting industries or their replacement,
– introduction of foam-stone technology and others.
4. The destruction of nuclear weapons and the transfer of all control over nuclear facilities in UN bodies / under the IAEA /.
5. Free use of any inventions and technologies in the field of ecology.
Conclusion
So, I hope that the reader understood that in order to save the entire civilization in general and the modern MFES in particular, it is necessary to switch our civilization to silicon electric power industry in the near future, and to switch to the EEF, it is necessary to reform the MEPE, as it is the main brake in the implementation of CEE. The result was a vicious circle, or the Gordian knot, and it can only be cut: either with the help of the socio-political revolution, which is fraught with many disasters and first of all – disasters of ordinary people, or radically reformed by the members of the MFES. Otherwise, the death of our Earth civilization may come at all.
The choice is yours, Reader! Otherwise, in the next 200 years there will be innumerable disasters of peoples, even more than they were in the terrible 20th century.
The fact is that those who manage and determine the MFES are inaccessible to wide sections of the population, or rather the wider circles interested in improving the MFES are cut off from its governing bodies, represented by the richest financial tycoons of the USA, united in a private club US financial reserve. In essence, no one can do anything, since the majority of managers of large banks are their appointees, and even the majority of the leaders of the countries of shareholders of the IB are their puppets.
Even the leaders and the ruling regimes of such large countries as Russia and China can do nothing, because the entire MFES depends on the US Federal Reserve. This system, releasing empty paper banknotes into the turnover of the MEPC, takes not only the majority of the profits from its operation, but also appropriates a huge part of the necessary product (salary fees of employees involved in production using credit financing). Thus, the founders of the US Federal Reserve, through their own banks, take up to 40% again
the product being created with the help of a credit for extended reproduction. So, in any case, it was before the crisis of 2008 and special changes, as we have shown to the wound, are not visible in the modern US policy.
Thus, a group of financial tycoons, the owners of the US Federal Reserve, issue simple notes / dollar bills /, lend / up to 6% per annum / their own banks, as they are owners of the majority, the largest banks in the USA and the world, which lend to smaller national and international banks in most of which they own controlling stakes, and the governments, including the USA, add up to 6% per annum / and thereby convert simple dollar bills into money. At the same time, they assign up to 50% of the entire newly created value of the MFES.
Thus, a group of financial tycoons from the Belvedere Club, not controlled by the state and society, created a private financial institution (US Federal Reserve), which sets in motion uncontrolled by the state * and the world community, in particular, the issue of money that does not have either gold or commodity -substance looks very much like counterfeiters.
Of course, the US state itself and its government benefits from this, since it can get any loan to carry out any projects and plans, including world wars anywhere in the world, with a military budget of more than $ 600 billion. This system is also beneficial for the American people: having such a huge country and practically unlimited credit, the American economy has tremendous advantages and opportunities compared to any other. Can the US government, and especially the US Federal Reserve System, abandon this MFES management system? Of course not.
Therefore, based on consideration of the measures that were taken in the US and the EU and other countries in 2009, the author believes that in the future there will be approximately the same development option of the MESC.
Somewhere until 2020, there will be stagnation at the MFES: either a fall or a rise, but not more than 1%. Then the prices for hydrocarbons will increase: for oil – up to $ 200, $ 500 for 1000 cubic meters of gas and one cube of wood. By the middle of the 30s, a dive global FEC will come, which will last 100-150 years, from which the world can exit only when 60% of hydrocarbon energy is replaced with CEE, 20% will be alternative energy and 20% nuclear / power energy of metallurgical plants / .
After that, the world community will be able to switch to the replacement of hydrocarbons in other sectors: stone wallpaper, stone wrapping materials and replacement of wooden and plastic furniture with stone materials and others.
We see, dear reader, how many and not very small flaws exist in the modern MFES and, without correcting most of them, one cannot expect a good result from its functioning.
If those who set in motion powerful modern means of production do not participate in the management of this production, if they do not pay wage labor from the results of their labor / profits / and preferably as much as the investor, as it was a hundred years ago at the beginning of the economic revolution enterprises, and the entrepreneur makes a profit mainly due to the underpayment of the minimum wage of wage labor, if one worked for more than 30 years and during that time could only buy a bicycle, and even then, when he was far from his youth was a family, and others earn a billion per day, like Soros, if some people buy fried fish for lunch for a few thousand dollars, which is equal to the annual budget of a large family in most countries of the world, while a billion people are undernourished and a million die a year from starvation if for one hundred years of a colossal scientific and technological revolution no inventor became a millionaire, and some mistaken reference point in the USA for a year is millions, then such a MFES cannot only be considered normal but also abnormal, then it is simply disastrous for its carriers, those. – for us.
Life is very difficult, very difficult, very short (transient), requires every day to do a lot of unnecessary movement, a lot of brain load on the little things, just to maintain strength: eat, wash, sweep, pick up, wash, wash, go to the toilet , think what to buy, what to eat, what to cook, etc. etc. Life can make sense if a person lives in natural pleasures for the benefit of the continuation of the human race, as a rational animal. Everything else has no practical, especially moral (ethical) meaning. But it is complicated. It is complicated by various, as a rule, selfish actions: earn a little more money (or even assign it) to others, envy someone, walk, search for an empty phrase, consolation in alcohol or work, fame or wealth, greed or generosity).
It becomes even harder, practically unbearable and impossible when the ruling classes create insurmountable conditions for the normal life of the common man, throw thousands of thousands into the slaughter of fierce competition, enmity and war for the sake of their ugly ambitions and unnecessary wealth. Life misunderstood in that you suffered, rejoiced, was hungry all his life or overeat; she leaves quickly and for anyone it does not matter, especially for the ghost of a bygone life.
When you leave, almost no one remembers how you lived, how much you ate, how many “girls” I had, was a romantic lover or a rough materialist, or even a sadist.
Further complicate, and often simply take our life, the power structures.
Of course, the dream of an ideal, harmonious society is an impossible dream, i.e. an illusion, but also crude, slavish forms of living, which still leave all forms of power that have been until now, cannot take place and every person fights with them in his own way. People of absolute power and wealth themselves become their slaves.
In order to change the action of the destructive world law of obtaining maximum profit, it is necessary to change the work of the UN and create an “Institute for the Study of Democracy and Harmony in Society” and, based on scientific research, pursue another policy through the UN.
And all this should be done by new mutants, which:
____________________________
* – when US President E. Kennedy wanted to conduct a law on the control of Congress and the President of the United States over the US Federal Reserve and wanted the Government to begin printing at least $ 5 bills, he was killed.
a) engage in politics to save humanity and their own offspring;
b) the economy, to give every people, country and person a decent human life;
c) science to move the earth civilization forward;
d) culture to create an intelligent person;
e) sports to create a harmonious “homosapiens”.
The current level of productive forces, science and technology, resources are enough for humanity to live peacefully and normally, so as to maximize the time for cultural and spiritual development according to the principle: from each according to his ability, to each according to his work.
But the world order is chaotic, disorderly and unjust, and therefore, who wants his grandchildren to live better than himself, should know – this order must be changed and changed on a scientific and humane basis. Man and humanity have no other way. All other paths lead to a dead end, to his death, as has already been a thousand times in his history. But until now, nature and humanity managed to survive. What will happen next?
Therefore, most likely, the only one in our Galaxy, at any rate at such a high scientific and technical level, Earth human civilization shows that such concepts on Earth as freedom of speech, religion, human rights, nation, state, and even more so market system, free competition, etc. – this is nothing compared to it, but there is absolutely nothing to talk about such concepts as income, profit, wealth, power, fame and others, since this nonsense is nothing compared to the uniqueness of our planet and our civilization (or its destruction).
If we do not understand this, then it may perish, as it did at its certain stages of development: hundreds of kingdoms, states, and millions of people.
If new mutants come to power by 2020–2025, people understand that only in saving earthly civilization, in its radical improvement, is there salvation and harmonious development of its descendants, then many and current dinosaurs will be able to adapt, qualitatively change and survive. If not, then we can, like more than once in the past, disappear like dinosaurs.
And now, in conclusion, we will try to present two ways (variants) of evolution in the 21st century.
Option one, 90% bad. Year 2106. The cost of one liter of gasoline will be more than $ 50 per liter, i.e. more than 5 kg of meat or 20 kg of grain. All countries are pumping out the last remnants of oil and gas from the Earth, which are left for 15–20 years and, which is sold on limit cards, artificial gasoline accounts for 50% of turnover, but it is also not enough.
Alternative types of energy: nuclear and hydrogen, are overloaded, there is a sharp lack of oxygen in the air, therefore, it is very difficult to breathe outside without artificial conditions, as at an altitude of 3-4 thousand meters at the beginning of the 20th century.
Nutrition in 90% of the population is very modest and limited by minimum consumption rates. The ruling political circles, managers and bankers still live luxuriously, but they are no more than 20% of the population, together with the structures serving them.
The oceans are polluted with wastes so that most of their inhabitants, who lived in the early 20th century, have disappeared. Common fish is a delicacy, as it lives only in artificial ponds. The majority of the population consumes it no more than 3 times a year and then by ration.
Most of the remaining forests are forests, where almost no animals, no people, no flowers.
Most of the population lives in large cities, the rest – in abandoned villages, which are still kept at the expense of small services. The air is stale even in the forest areas. Only occasionally there are giant storms and rains, which are a flood, and then half the heat season. In the air, the advance of Armageddon is felt.
Two major powers (the United States and China) determine all of the politics in the world and are constantly on the brink of war with the use of nuclear weapons.
The rest do not have it, since it has become a heavy burden on the shoulders of their weak economies. Space technology and science develops only for military purposes, like a hundred years ago.
Most cities are in a semi-neglected, dilapidated state, as there is no funds for their modernization and support. All how little money takes the central government. In cities, and especially in small ones, unemployment is about 50%.
The European Union collapsed, not having created to the end. The Muslim world is teeming with wars between themselves and within themselves. India was never able to rise from the medieval level, the population of Japan fell to 50 million, as there are no fish and nothing to eat. Russia has actually broken up into three independent states, and apart from the remnants of hydrocarbons and iron, nothing remains there.
The world is on the verge of destruction: either by the hungry, the forgotten and disenfranchised masses, or the thermonuclear war between China and the United States. Even the bases on the Moon and Mars are military and the US missiles are aimed at the bases of China on the Moon, and the missiles of China on the Moon are sent to the bases of the USA on Mars.
Every day there are hundreds of manifestations in the world, but the ruling circles can not and do not know what to do: the tops are not able to effectively manage, and the lower classes do not want to continue to live the old way.
Constant scandals, manifestations and production decline shake the United States. China is waiting for chaos in the United States to launch an unanswered nuclear attack on US military bases scattered around the globe and thus maintain order only by force, and finally restore Chinese order and peace to the world.
The ocean level over the past 100 years has risen by 2 meters and most coastal cities, including the United States, do nothing but struggle with water. Now the average American does not dream of a second car or computer, but of the only turkey of the year at Christmas. What will happen? No one knows anything.
There are about 10 billion people on Earth and live mainly in super-giant megalopolises, enveloping the Earth with cancer tumors, leading it to inevitable death from their endless growth and the inability to stop growth.
About 50% of the population lives in the 500 largest cities of the world with a population of more than 5 million, where half-moon reigns, and cities live by their own internal laws, which do not obey anyone and the authorities barely restrain this chaos only by force.
A quarter of the population lives near industrial industrial centers that poison the atmosphere. The remaining settlements are an indiscriminate cluster of peeled houses, roads and structures.
he situation is aggravated by the news of astronomers that a meteorite of enormous size is approaching the Earth (20×100 km), which in 2004 flew at a distance of 400 thousand km from the Earth, but the Moon was on the reverse side at that time and nobody paid attention to it then .
But now the meteorite flies right in the space between the Moon and the Earth and, according to the calculations of astronomers, it will be attracted by either the Moon or the Earth. And this means that the Earth faces a terrible catastrophe. Even if it falls on the Moon, and not on the Earth, the Moon will go off from orbit and thus the inclination of the Earth’s axis may change and the entire climate on Earth will change, as it was more than once.
In Europe, icing will come again and all cities to the Alps, Perineev and the Carpathians will become poorer. The Sahara will again become, like 30 thousand years ago, habitable for primitive man, and nature will try to make its new stage in development almost from scratch.
Thus, the future of mankind depends on the Sahara and which way the further development of a person depends on the person himself: he will consciously master the Sahara or it will happen as a result of his death. In Chukotka and Alaska, on the contrary, it warms as in Manzhuriya. The Gobi Desert will become even hotter and China will wither from the heat. On the contrary in the Sahara, Arabia and Texas hit by daily heavy rains. These deserts will become savannas. In Patagonia, warmer dramatically, and from South America you can swim to the Antarctic Peninsula and climb the forest tundra to Mount Jackson in Antarctica, the Brazilian desert bloom, and the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico will become the water jungle.
Such large climatic changes will occur if the axis of the Earth moves or tilts only a thousand kilometers. Therefore, the greater the specialization of the regions of the earth in the global division of agricultural production, the more devastating the climatic changes. For this, it is necessary that the world community always counteracts by narrow specialization and promotes unprofitable production, including industrial production.
And in Australia and Indonesia will become colder, as the South Pole will approach Australia.
Half of Antarctica will depart from the ice, which will melt and raise the level of the ocean by another couple of meters. Almost all the coastal cities on Earth will disappear. Half of the Americas, the Sahara will flood. In the event of a warming on the Earth or a change in the axis of rotation there was less melting of the ice, it was necessary to transfer most of them to the desert and detain them there in the newly created forests.
This can be achieved if an international magnetic-led railway is led through Patagonia or Australia to Antarctica, and the magnetic polar-bearing polar railway to Greenland is built and the ice is transported in the desert.
It seems that such a plan is much more real than the settling of the Moon or Mars, and living conditions near the polar regions (Polarie) are much easier, safer and cheaper than on these planets.
The climate on Earth will change dramatically, industrial civilization will perish from itself. The rest of the city in a few years will die and the survivors will run wild. Surviving small settlements in remote corners will begin the development of humanity again almost from scratch. Now for the fifth time. But the Earth will not be the same. It will be distorted by previous people.
In order to avoid this, it is necessary to shoot a meteorite near Jupiter or Saturn, so that they draw the remnants of the fragments to themselves, and the radiation would only reach Mars.
But the terrestrial civilization for a hundred years, because of the egoism of its leading countries and, above all, the USA, could not create an anti-meteoritic system.
And three or four countries, owners of nuclear weapons and technology can not agree and unite their nuclear missile forces against the looming meteorite. If it hits the ground, its impact will cause a strong earthquake and most houses and structures, and if it hits the ocean, the 200 meter wave will cause even more damage. Whether the human race can recover after this is unknown.
he second course of events, ideally good. 3006 year. Terrestrial space is the Union of all countries and federations, created on the basis of the UN transformed in 2013 through the introduction of standards of democracy, ecology and health in all countries, especially in the aggressive United States and some Muslim countries.
Gradually, the UN will completely eliminate wars between countries and, very importantly, within countries. By 2030, the serial development of solar energy began, and by the end of the 21st century, it had become the main one at home, in transport and in the office. During the 22nd century, it almost completely replaced the hydrocarbon, and by the middle of the 3rd millennium it reached its peak: it completely replaced the hydrocarbon and oxygen on the Earth completely recovered at an ideal level (from 500 to 1000 m above sea level in 1900).
Deserts were not enough for the production of solar energy structures and by the middle of the 3rd millennium mastered the technology of processing old (reinforced concrete) structures of cities into new ones. In less than 300 years, all the old cities were demolished (recycled), and in their place laid the ideal parks, forests and fields. Only the most important historical city, buildings and structures left untouched or mothballed in a silicon shell are left. The land is a single park-forest with harmonious buildings inside them.
The rivers are completely cleared, all production is wasteless, many inhabitants swim in the oceans, although the third part of the 20th century was irretrievably lost.
The Olympic and world competitions will be banished and banned, only town and town events are held, and therefore most of the major sports facilities have been destroyed.
On Earth there are two main types of cities: 50–100 thousand inhabitants around industrial plants and 1–5 thousand around agricultural centers and research centers. Cities with a population of more than 200 thousand – are prohibited by world law.
The stadiums (sport complexes), hydraulic dams, metallurgical plants, thermal power plants and others disappeared and some remained as historical relics and are looked at as in the 20th century at the ancient Colosseum.
For example, in the territory of the former Egypt there are only three large buildings: historical pyramids and the Assuan dam (as historical relics) and the station of the international railway on a magnetic cushion. There are no sands, the cities of Cairo and Alexandria, but some gardens, parks and forests around small towns and the last complex for the processing of sand in solar constructions.
All church concessions should erect in the face of “holy martyrs” (especially the Catholic Church) all those whom she killed, tortured in dungeons, burned at the stake of the Inquisition and ask God for forgiveness for their murders for 50 years, and those great people: scientists, writers and others should be elevated to the face of “great martyrs for the truth of God”: Giordano Bruno, Copernicus and others. Until the churches repent, they cannot have the moral right to carry God’s word and ten of its commandments, including “do not kill,” by killing or sending to the slaughterhouse, as the occupation chaplains in Iraq and many countries of the world now do. And the US ruling circles must apologize and repent for the innocently ruined souls in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as in other cases.
Earthlings have already begun to vigorously develop the deserts of Mars, while first in the form of greenhouses, but they hope that in 5–10 thousand years enough trees will be planted on Mars to open the greenhouses and breathe freely on Mars. This is planned to be done in about the 101st century. The moon turned out to be unsuitable for landscaping and only industrial complexes and cosmodromes are built there. So the Earth completely got rid of hydrocarbon fuel.
People work not for money, fame or position, but to satisfy their creative impulses and abilities for the common good of the Earth.
The money has completely disappeared.
One of the most important scientific research topics of earthlings: identifying patterns in the appearance of people at the beginning of the 21st century who were able to direct the development of humanity along the only correct path – creating harmony in human society, thereby saving mankind from the ugly development that was bound to lead to its death.
Moreover, not only the social, social and biological conditions of the appearance of this first phenomenon in nature are studied, but also its quantum-physical theory, i.e. what vortices of the neutrino ether arise from elementary particles in the head, leading to a mutation and the creation of a new man “homosapiens sapiens forverst”, i.e. A reasonable person from intelligent forward looking and acting not under the influence of the inner conservation instinct, but from the Harmonious development of the human race.
These studies will help him in the future in creating an artificial person, i.e. biological robot.
All transport is on electricity, and only near the mountains, which are very few – nuclear power plants. Thermonuclear electricity was not mastered by earthlings, because it, TNAS, must be very large, and therefore very dangerous for the Earth.
For earthlings and Martians in the 150th century, the immediate problem would be an alternative: to master Jupiter and other distant planets or to try withusing biological robots i. artificial homo-sapiens, start exploring other planets of the Earth Galaxy, to which (the closest) you need to fly 200 thousand years at a speed of 2 thousand kilometers per second on a ship the size of a moon and a fusion reactor in the tail of 100 by 100 km.
The measure of cost was: “the amount of electricity needed to produce 1 kg of pure silicon, and in transport (1 kW per hour or 1 V.A. (volt-ampere) silver battery.
Earthlings will make protein supplements for hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons, first for livestock, and then for Martians, since squirrels were the main problem of the Martians.
But the duration of a person’s life has not increased significantly since genetically it is laid for 80 years. Due to the almost 100% eradication of diseases (primarily genetically) and the slowing down of the metabolic process with the help of additives, most of the inhabitants began to live actively for up to 100 years, but this was very small compared to the creative abilities of man. People lived very happily, but very little.
It’s time to create biological robots, i.e. an artificial person who would live for a thousand years and who would eventually replace a person in their long flights to the planets of other stars and science it became possible. For a thousand years, thousands of scientists, on thousands of computers, have created vortex models at the beginning of all the elements of the periodic table, then simple substances, and then the biological cell. But this became possible only due to the coming to power in the first half of the 21st century of new mutants, i.e. a new man, “homoport forrest”.
List of used syllabic literature
(Look in the library)
1. Horet Rast “From the Chronicle of the Earth”. Publishing house “Lumina”, Chisinau, 1983. Translated from German by I. Shcherbakova.
2. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Archeology, “Archeology of the USSR. Paleolithic USSR “, publishing house” Science “, Moscow, 1984.
3. The USSR Academy of Arts, the Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after I.E. Repin “The History of Foreign Art: Primitive Society. The Ancient East. Antiquity. ”Edited by ch.k. Academy of Sciences of the USSR M.V. Dobroklonsky and AP Chubova. Moscow, publishing house “Fine Arts”, 1985.
4. I.V. Rizov “Price and other economic categories in a super-industrial society”, Chisinau, 2007.
5. I.V. Rizov, “Ways of Evolution of the 21st Century”, Chisinau, 2007.
6.I.V.Rizov “One hundred ideas for the most talented inventors”, Chisinau, 2007.
7. I.V. Rizov, collection of articles “Lost Chance”, Chisinau, 2006.
8. I.V. Rizov “Technogenic impact of global climate change and its prevention”, Chisinau, 2007.
9. Encyclopedia for children “Avanta” “Biology”, publishing house LLC Avanta, Moscow, 2006.